Terms Of Flooding Research Articles

ON PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AMBR PROTOCOL IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Due to mobility of nodes in ad hoc networks, the most challenging issue is to design and to make sound analysis of a routing protocol that determines its robustness to deliver packets in low routing packet overhead. In this paper, we thoroughly analyzed the Adaptive Monitor Based Routing (AMBR) protocol by varying different parameters that affect a routing protocol to measure its performance. Analysis shows that it requires less routing control overhead comparing with other prevalent routing protocols. An improved analytical model is also presented in this paper. All these analyses firmly prove that AMBR is a sound and robust protocol in terms of flooding, routing overhead and hence, enhances reliability

THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS

The myth of clean, renewable, non-polluting hydroelectric power is discussed. Environmental impacts may be categorized in terms of flooding and operational effects. While hydroelectric energy has benefits particularly in terms of simplicity, operating cost and efficiency, there are environmental tradeoffs to be considered.

Insular Biogeography in Continental Regions. II. Cave Faunas from Tessin, Southern Switzerland

Vuilleumier, François. (Station de biologie marine, Roscoff, Nord-Finistère, France) 1973. Insular Biogeography in Continental Regions. II. Cave Faunas from Tessin, Southern Switzerland. Syst. Zool. 22:64–76.—The suggestion that caves are habitat islands was investigated by analyzing species diversity and endemism in a set of 48 caves from Tessin, southern Switzerland, using stepwise multiple regression. Measures of environmental diversity (development, representing area; water content; and the presence or absence of bats, representing the presence of guano) and of isolation (altitude, geographical coordinates, clustering of caves) were expected to contribute to the regulation of species diversity and of numbers of endemic taxa. From 50% to 58% of the variance in numbers of species and of endemics can be accounted for with five independent variables in the regression equations. The Tessin caves can be considered insular insofar as an area affect is demonstrated for the total number of species and for the number of endemics, and as a measure of isolation (altitude) helps in accounting for endemism. Deviation from the insular biogeography theory stems from the lack of isolation or distance effects for the numbers of species (whether troglobitic or not), and from the lack of area effect for the troglophiles and troglobites. The number of species of troglophiles and troglobites is correlated with the water scale, and since the latter is correlated with development one can argue that water scale represents an improved measure of habitat diversity over area. The water scale may be an indirect measure of (i) the food input, or (ii) the rigor of the caves in terms of flooding, or else (iii) dispersal. The lack of isolation or distance effect may be attributed to the geographical nearness of the Tessin caves, which can be likened to islands equidistant from the mainland or source region.