Terms Of Execution Time Efficiency Research Articles

A Novel Approach for Character Segmentation of Offline Handwritten Marathi Documents written in MODI Script

Abstract One of the most challenging module in any handwritten character recognition system is separating individual characters from the document. Better character recognition rate is highly influenced by how much accuracy, character segmentation phase, has achieved. As the input data set is contains documents written in MODI script, and since MODI script characters are written in cursive manner, obtaining individual characters from the text becomes extremely complicated. Moreover, there is no separation between two adjacent words. Although now-a-days, Marathi language uses Devnagari script, several years back MODI Script was used for writing documents in Marathi language. This work presented in this paper tackles segmentation of individual characters from ancient handwritten MODI Script documents. Vertical Projection Profile (VPP) method can segment characters from a given line accurately only when two adjacent characters are separated by a zero-pixel column. Since characters of one line in this script are written without lifting hand, output of VPP does not suffice. This paper presents a novel approach for isolating individual characters from the line obtained using authors’ previous research work which uses dual thresholding criterion to minimize the character segmentation error. The techniques used in this paper are straightforward and reasonably economical in terms of execution time efficiency. The results obtained are quite satisfactory.

Copying and swapping: influences on the design of reusable software components

The authors argue that a simple alternative to copying as a data movement primitive-swapping (exchanging) the values of two variables-has potentially significant advantages in the context of the design of generic reusable software components. Specifically, the authors claim that generic module designs based on a swapping style are superior to designs based on copying, both in terms of execution-time efficiency and with respect to the likelihood of correctness of client programs and module implementations. Furthermore, designs based on swapping are more reusable than traditional designs. Specific arguments and examples to support these positions are presented. >