Terms Of Ethnicity Research Articles

Robber Barons and Wretched Refuse: Ethnic and Class Dynamics during the Era of American Industrialization

Robber Barons and Wretched Refuse: Ethnic and Class Dynamics during the Era of American Industrialization

The Contrasting Effects of Ethnic and Partisan Identity on Performance Evaluation

Why is voting behaviour tied to ethnicity in many new democracies? A predominant view, offered by the instrumentalist theory, argues that voters use candidates’ identity -ethnic or partisan- as a signal of expected performance. However, voters will reward well-performing politicians by being more likely to vote for them and punish bad performance regardless of candidates’ identity. To test these assumptions, we conduct a nationally representative survey in Kenya asking voters about their spending preference for the country’s main anti-poverty programme, which is managed by MPs in collaboration with citizens. We find that voters, regardless of ethnicity or party, have an erroneous view of how their MP spent the anti-poverty funds. Then in an experiment, we share with voters the spending made by the MPs and audit results probing for corruption. Once voters are aware that their MP’s spending does not match their spending priorities, their approval and likelihood of voting for the MP decreases if primed to view the politician as partisan. Voters also electorally punish MPs for corruption whether copartisan or non-copartisan. In contrast to instrumentalist expectations, if voters are primed to view their MP in ethnic terms, they are more likely to vote for their coethnic overlooking bad performance and corruption. The availability of alternative parties in local elections may explain why voters attach partisanship to performance evaluation. Still, in our case study, as in other new democracies, politicians continue mobilising support along ethnic lines, perhaps explaining why voters prioritise group loyalties if primed to think about ethnicity.

An Ecofeminist Approach to Alice Walker’s the Color Purple

Alice walker, an iconic African-American, is one of the influential feminist writers in literature. She, in her works, has delineated how the African-American women have faced oppressions in terms of race, class and ethnicity and has lambasted both sexist and racist hegemony in addition to promoting an ecocentric worldview by dint of womanism. Her The Color Purple (1982) depicts how women as well nature are subjected to continuous exploitation and draws interconnectedness between women and nature. The paper shows how both women and nature are being exploited, subjugated and oppressed by the patriarchal world and how Celie, Shug Sofia and Squeak have been able to develop their life through eco-friendly ways of life by bucking against trouble-ridden situations.

Effects of a community gardening intervention on diet, physical activity, and anthropometry outcomes in the USA (CAPS): an observer-blind, randomised controlled trial

Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and social disconnection are important modifiable risk factors for non-communicable and other chronic diseases, which might be alleviated through nature-based community interventions. We tested whether a community gardening intervention could reduce these common health risks in an adult population that is diverse in terms of age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. In this observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial, we recruited individuals who were on Denver Urban Garden waiting lists for community gardens in Denver and Aurora (CO, USA), aged 18 years or older, and had not gardened in the past 2 years. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1), using a randomised block design in block sizes of two, four, or six, to receive a community garden plot (intervention group) or remain on a waiting list and not garden (control group). Researchers were masked to group allocation. Primary outcomes were diet, physical activity, and anthropometry; secondary outcomes were perceived stress and anxiety. During spring (April to early June, before randomisation; timepoint 1 [T1]), autumn (late August to October; timepoint 2 [T2]), and winter (January to March, after the intervention; timepoint 3 [T3]), participants completed three diet recalls, 7-day accelerometry, surveys, and anthropometry. Analyses were done using the intention-to-treat principle (ie, including all participants randomly assigned to groups, and assessed as randomised). We used mixed models to test time-by-intervention hypotheses at an α level of 0·04, with T2 and T3 intervention effects at an α level of 0·005 (99·5% CI). Due to potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes, we excluded all participant data collected after Feb 1, 2020. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03089177, and data collection is now complete. Between Jan 1, 2017, and June 15, 2019, 493 adults were screened and 291 completed baseline measures and were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=145) or control (n=146) groups. Mean age was 41·5 years (SD 13·5), 238 (82%) of 291 participants were female, 52 (18%) were male, 99 (34%) identified as Hispanic, and 191 (66%) identified as non-Hispanic. 237 (81%) completed measurements before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. One (<1%) participant in the intervention group had an adverse allergic event in the garden. Significant time-by-intervention effects were observed for fibre intake (p=0·034), with mean between-group difference (intervention minus control) at T2 of 1·41 g per day (99·5% CI -2·09 to 4·92), and for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p=0·012), with mean between-group difference of 5·80 min per day (99·5% CI -4·44 to 16·05). We found no significant time-by-intervention interactions for combined fruit and vegetable intake, Healthy Eating Index (measured using Healthy Eating Index-2010), sedentary time, BMI, and waist circumference (all p>0·04). Difference score models showed greater reductions between T1 and T2 in perceived stress and anxiety among participants in the intervention group than among those in the control group. Community gardening can provide a nature-based solution, accessible to a diverse population including new gardeners, to improve wellbeing and important behavioural risk factors for non-communicable and chronic diseases. American Cancer Society, University of Colorado Cancer Centre, University of Colorado Boulder, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Michigan AgBioResearch Hatch projects.

Development of Adaptive Sitting Cum Standing Positional Device - User's Centric Approach

Background As per India Census 2011 Cerebral palsy affects 3.8 of Indians or roughly 15-20 of physically challenged children. An estimated 31000 live births are affected in India. The most prevalent motor impairment in children is cerebral palsy. The adaptive devices need to accommodate different factors in terms of individual health condition body structure body function capacity gender age ethnicity and preference. In addition physical changes that occur in children as they grow and develop need to be accommodated. UNICEF stated that the frequency of changes to be made in an assistive product depends on how fast the child develops and grows which will vary over time as well as between children. This adds to the economic burden especially in families below the poverty line.Aim To build a device for dual usage seating cum standing for children with delayed milestones with versatile features to accommodate as they grow.Methods Anthropometric measurements of children with delayed milestones aged between 3-12 years were collected and assimilated in building the innovative twin device and its features. User satisfaction feedback was collected about the innovative twin device using Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology QUEST using a prospective qualitative study design. Simple random sampling methods were used to recruit 255 parents of children with delayed milestones from 2016 to 2019 across India and Bangladesh. They were prospectively observed and the perceived effectiveness usability and service delivery system of twin device was collected from parents mostly through telephonic and in-person interviews after three months. Results Around 121 usersparents gave their QUEST feedback. The mean satisfaction on the twin device was recorded as 4.16 Quite satisfied and the service delivery was rated 4.81 Very satisfied. Overall QUEST score was recorded as 4.48 Quite satisfied. The three most satisfying features of the device reported were safe and secure 61.16 easy to use 57.02 and comfortable 56.2.Conclusion Twin device and delivery services quality was measured through user satisfaction in terms of strength durability capacity safety and comfort. Provision of assistive technology includes the design production user satisfaction and quality of life.

Diferenças transculturais em crenças sobre emoções: uma comparação entre participantes brasileiros e britânicos

ABSTRACT Objective: Perfectionist beliefs about emotions impact the experience and expression of emotions, being linked to increased levels of depression and anxiety. Given the influence of culture in the representation and expression of emotion, it is possible that beliefs vary across countries, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the theme. This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples regarding their beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Methods: The current study compared a total of 960 Brazilian and British participants, with the samples having a similar profile in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. Participants answered online the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES). This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples with regard to beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Results: Significant differences between samples were found for beliefs about emotions. As hypothesized, Brazilians scored lower on unhelpful beliefs about emotions, except for beliefs about experiencing negative feelings and emotional control. Differences in total BES scores remained even after the inclusion of depression and anxiety as covariates. Conclusions: Results suggest higher endorsement of perfectionist beliefs in a European versus a Latin American context, but highlight that this pattern depends on the specific beliefs being studied. These differences should be considered when working with people from different cultural backgrounds and developing cultural adaptations for clinical interventions and psychopathology models.

Abstract C122: Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of cancer survivors in the NIH-All of Us Research Program

Abstract Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.), and minoritized ethnic and racial groups are disproportionately affected. Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults have the highest death rate among racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. for most cancers, with 73,680 cancer deaths projected in 2022. For U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults, cancer is the leading cause of death, accounting for 20% of deaths. Compared to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, Non-Hispanic Asian (NHA) adults have lower cancer rates; however, cancer-specific disparities in morbidity and mortality exist. The National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program has one of the largest and most nationally representative samples of adults in terms of socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, age, and geography. Our study aims to describe the prevalence of cancer among the racially and ethnically diverse cohort of adults enrolled in All of Us. Methods: The All of Us tier five data release includes data from a convenience sample of 323,351 adults recruited and enrolled between May 6, 2018, and April 1, 2021, across 340 sites in the U.S. Using self-reported questionnaire data at the time of study enrollment, we identified 22,676 cancer survivors and described cancer site/types and associated cancer lifestyle characteristics (i.e., demographics, co-morbidities, lifestyle behaviors) by race and ethnicity. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Student’s T and Chi-squared tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results: Among 323,351 All of Us participants, 7.0% (n = 22,676) self-reported a history of cancer at enrollment. Overall, 88.6% of cancer survivors self-identified as NHW, 3.5% as NHB, 3.4% as Hispanic/Latino, 1.0% as NHA, and 3.6% as other race or ethnicity. Among all survivors, the mean ± standard deviation age was 69 ± 10 years, 56.3% were female, 55.3% had a college education or higher, 31.0% had a household income of $75,000-$150,000, 98.0% were insured, 66.9% were unemployed, 67.0% were partnered, and 93.1% were born in the U.S. The most prevalent cancer was skin cancer (34.5%), followed by cancers of the breast (16.8%) and prostate (10.1%). Breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer among NHA (36.1%), NHB (27.1%), and Hispanics/Latinos (20.1%). Skin cancer was the most common cancer among NHW (37.2%). Among all survivors, 38.8% had hypertension, 39.0 % had high cholesterol, 1.0% had type 1 diabetes, 10.8% had type 2 diabetes, 10.0% had obesity, 38.6% were never smokers, and 70.5% had a family history of cancer. All sociodemographic and lifestyle factors differed statistically (p &amp;lt; 0.05) by race and ethnicity. Conclusion: Approximately seven percent of All of Us adults were cancer survivors, a number that exceeds rates previously reported by diverse, prospective cohorts. Cancer prevalence, as well as lifestyle characteristics, varied across racial and ethnic groups, with breast cancer being the most reported cancer for minoritized groups compared to skin cancer for NHW participants. Citation Format: Tania Y. Peña-Ortiz, Umesh Narayan, Ana Velazquez Mañana, Linda Salgin, Catherine M. Pichardo, Sheila F. Castañeda, Humberto Parada Jr., Linda C. Gallo, Gregory A. Talavera, Margaret S. Pichardo. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of cancer survivors in the NIH-All of Us Research Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C122.

“Time Meant Nothing”: A New Reading of Pietro di Donato's Three Circles of Light beyond Autobiography and Stereotypes

“Time Meant Nothing”: A New Reading of Pietro di Donato's <i>Three Circles of Light</i> beyond Autobiography and Stereotypes

Integrating Diversity and Inclusion in Organizational Culture: A Holistic Approach to People Management

Organizations today are operating in an increasingly diverse environment. This diversity brings both challenges and opportunities for businesses. In Indonesia, where the population is diverse in terms of ethnicity, religion, and culture, integrating diversity and inclusion in organizational culture has become a critical issue for people management.The objective of this study is to explore how organizations in Indonesia can integrate diversity and inclusion in their organizational culture. Specifically, this study aims to identify the best practices of diversity and inclusion in organizational culture and to develop a holistic approach to people management in Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative research design using a case study approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 managers from various organizations in Indonesia. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study suggest that integrating diversity and inclusion in organizational culture requires a holistic approach to people management. This approach should include four key components: leadership commitment, inclusive policies and practices, cultural awareness and sensitivity, and employee engagement. The study also identified several best practices for promoting diversity and inclusion in organizational culture, including promoting diversity at all levels of the organization, providing diversity and inclusion training, and creating an inclusive workplace culture.

Socio-Economic Diversity and Inclusion in MBBS Graduates in Nepal

The purpose of this research is to investigate caste and ethnic composition of in MBBS graduates in Nepal. The researcher undertook the study of MBBS education provided by two universities TU, KU and their affiliated colleges. In total, eighteen medical colleges offering MBBS were finalized. Specifically, the study was undertaken to fulfill the following objectives: to analyze socio-economic inclusion in MBBS education in Nepal and to examine socio-economic diversity in terms of caste and ethnicity of MBBS students. Secondary data, of four admission cycles (2015-2018) of MBBS students obtained from University Dean’s office, were used for the study. Admission to medical school today determines the composition of medical professionals in then future. Caste/ethnic inclusion in medical professionals helps to fully understanding diversity of health problems. Biased medical education affects clinical practice. To address complex and diverse health problems, the medical professionals must become more diverse. The year-wise observation of caste and ethnic inclusion reflects some improvement. Comparatively, 2018 is the most inclusive year in relative term, but disparity still exists. This gets compounded when marginalized communities added on. MBBS education attainment is significantly different among caste and ethnic groups. BCTD is the most represented in MBBS education with 53.2% share, whereas, Dalits are underrepresented ethnic groups with 2.6%. In caste and ethnic inclusion, private medical colleges are better than public ones. Government shouldprovide subsidy to the deserving students from marginalized communities in order to increase their access to medical education. The Government and medical colleges should work to establish inclusive policy that enhance equal opportunities.

Arab Nationalism in Syria

Syria is one of many countries in the Middle East diverse in terms of religion, nationality, and ethnicity. Internal divisions emerged when Syria reclaimed independence in 1946, but the differences inside Syrian society have become a taboo. One of the reasons for that was Arab nationalism, which claimed that they were all Arabs. The Syrian authorities managed to maintain the appearance of national homogeneity owing to these claims. This article aims to show the uniqueness of Arab nationalism, which is not characteristic of one country but of numerous states sharing a common past, language, and their citizens belonging to the family of the Arab nation. As a case study for Syria, this article analyses the basic concepts relevant to the subject (nationalism, the nation from the perspective of Islam, and Arab thought), the roots of pan-Arabism in Syria and its presence in the public and legal space. It also attempts to demonstrate that Arab nationalism helped the Syrian authorities (represented by the Alawite minority) blur national, ethnic, and religious differences and thus preserve the unity of society and state.

The people as ‘Volk’ or ‘Bürger’? The implications of ethnic and civic conceptions of the people for the measurement of populist attitudes

AbstractPopulists believe in the sovereignty of the people. Yet, the people can be construed in ethnic terms or in civic terms. Using a novel wording experiment in Germany (N = 7,034), we examine whether ethnic or civic conceptions of ‘the people’ affect respondents' adherence to key populist attitude items. ‘Volk’ in German has an ethno‐nationalist connotation and has been used throughout history to signify ‘ethnic Germans’. The concept ‘Bürger’, or citizens, by contrast, lacks an ethnic undercurrent. Similar ethnic connotations of ‘the people’ are also common in other languages. We find that there are statistically significant differences between items framed in an ethnic and a civic manner – and that this differs per item. This relationship is significantly moderated by respondents' degree of exclusive national identity and voting behaviour for the radical right. Our findings suggest that the way in which the people is conceptualized has important implications for the measurement of populist attitudes. When populist attitudes are measured with an ethnic understanding of the ‘the people’, the construct is biased towards right‐wing populism, inhibiting the measurement of populism as a ‘thin ideology’. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of careful translations in comparative research, since some translated synonyms carry different semantic meanings and thereby change the concept under investigation.

HOMA-IR mean values in healthy individuals: a population-based study in iranian subjects.

Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is an important indicator of insulin resistance. In this population-based investigation, we sought to report the mean value of HOMA-IR in different subgroups of a large population-based database of Iranian healthy subjects. This study recruited adult healthy individuals between the ages of 18 to 70 years old to Massoud Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran. Fasting insulin was measured by using the Electro Chemiluminescence method using Roche Cobas 6000 e601/602 instrument. The mean ± SD value of the HOMA-IR index in the studied population was 2.11 ± 0.99 (2.5-97.5% percentiles: 0.66-4.50). In addition, the mean ± SD of HOMA-IR index in male and female groups were 2.35 1.0 (2.5-97.5 percentile: 0.57-4.37) and 2.05 ± 1.0 (2.5-97.5 percentiles: 0.53-4.35), respectively. Interestingly, it was observed a significant increment for the HOMA-IR index in the male group compared with the female group in all age subgroups (P < 0.01). Our findings showed the mean value of 2.11 ± 0.99 HOMA-IR in the Iranian healthy population. Considering the large sample size in our study, more clinical investigations in terms of ethnicity should be done to provide a precise standardized HOMA-IR index in the Iranian population. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01099-9.

Penanaman Toleransi Dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak di Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Tazakka

Tolerance is an attitude towards openness by recognizing the existence of all kinds of differences, both in terms of ethnicity, skin color, language, customs, culture and religion. For humans, following God's instructions is the right decision to deal with differences. Because God always reminds us of the diversity of people, be it religion, ethnicity, skin color, customs and so on. This study aims to describe the cultivation of tolerance by responding to differences in worship practices in students of class XII IPS 2 to MAS Tazakka Musi Rawas Utara. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The determination of research subjects was carried out purposively. The research subjects were school principals, teachers, and fifth grade students. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity testing techniques are source triangulation, technical triangulation, and cross check. The results of the study show that inculcating tolerance at MAS Tazakka Musi Rawas Utara provides a strong belief in students at school by prioritizing tolerance, so students can interpret ethical learning materials, giving students high habits in doing good deeds, tolerance, in everyday life, by carrying out programs to monitor extracurricular activities, namely the existence of muhadaroh, prayers, tambourines, and scouting activities.

Understanding Indo-Fijian girls’ experiences in sport, physical activity and physical education: an intersectional study

ABSTRACT Whilst other sporting narratives of girls and women from the Global North have been well explored, there is limited research about girls from a Fijian background. Furthermore, within this ethnic/cultural group, their diverse voices are not well understood. Indo-Fijian girls who are of a South Asian background, and were born and reside in Fiji, are marginalised to a triple degree in the country’s sporting platforms: they face gender inequalities emanating from a patriarchal society; secondly, they are marginalised in terms of race and ethnicity, thus not having access to the same sporting opportunities that their iTaukei (Fijian natives) counterparts do, especially in mixed-race team sports. Finally, Indo-Fijian girls are economically disenfranchised, living in the peripheries of the Global South, where they struggle with a lack of funding, inequitable policies and an unstable political climate. This triple layer of marginalisation deprives Indo-Fijian girls/young women of real opportunities and rights in the sporting fields to play sports for better health and fitness as equal Fijian citizens. This study reports on a one-year ethnographic research and presents sporting narratives of young Indo-Fijian women aged between 16 and 25 years from the capital city of Fiji. The data was collected employing photo-elicitation interviews aiming to illuminate the experiences and trajectories within formal and recreational sport and physical activity of Indo-Fijian girls. The paper draws upon critical, intersectional and poststructuralist theories to thematically analyse the data. The young women’s narratives reveal that many times their athletic pursuits and passion disrupt the Fijian gender, racial and class orders as they consistently exercise their daily and sporting agency; sometimes these girls also find themselves complying with the hegemonic gender/racial order. This study amplifies local and marginalised voices of Indo-Fijian girls and emphasises the urgent need for inclusive and innovative educational pathways for Indo-Fijian girls in Fiji’s schools, thus fulfilling the country’s ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).

Consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability: effects of innovation-adoption characteristics, expertise in food traceability and blockchain technology, and segmentation

PurposeThis study explores the influence of the following factors on consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability (BFT): innovation-adoption characteristics, segmentation, expertise in food traceability, expertise in blockchain technology, food categorical preferences and perceived important features of BFT.Design/methodology/approachThe data was collected via an online questionnaire with 1,401 participants in New Zealand. Exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and segmentation analysis were undertaken.FindingsConsumer adoption of blockchain food traceability was significantly influenced by two innovation-adoption characteristics – perceived incentives and perceived complexity, as well as their expertise in food traceability. Two consumer segments were identified: Conservatives (48%) and Pioneers (52%). Significant differences were found between these two segments in terms of gender, age, education, occupation, residential area and ethnicity. Consumers are more willing to use BFT for purchasing fresh, imported, staple and normal foods than for processed, domestic and upscale foods. Their perceived important specific features of BFT are product origin, food safety information, quality control, food safety information, hygienic condition and scarcity management.Originality/valueThis study contributes knowledge to address the current knowledge gap regarding consumer adoption of blockchain food traceability by using a large sample set. It is also the first study to recognise consumer segments for BFT; to provide information about consumers' important socio-demographic characteristics, food categorical preferences and perceived important features towards BFT; and to explore the influences of consumers' innovation-adoption characteristics, expertise in food traceability and expertise in blockchain technology on their adoption of blockchain food traceability.

Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity

Chin morphology is visually impactful and significantly influences harmonious facial appearance. Therefore, it is important to know the morphological characteristics of the chin in relation to gender and skeletal pattern when performing an orthodontic and surgical orthognathic treatment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between chin size, skeletal pattern, age, gender, and ethnicity. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography images of 208 participants (males: 90, females: 118; 63 Koreans and 145 Egyptians), aged 18 years and older, were used to evaluate the size of the chin in linear dimension, volume, and skeletal pattern. The larger the vertical skeletal pattern, the larger the chin volume and the smaller the width (p &lt; 0.01). In the anteroposterior skeletal pattern, Class III showed a larger volume than that of Class II and Class I (p &lt; 0.01). There was no significant association between age and any of the chin-related measurements. Regarding gender, all measurements of chins were larger for men than for women (p &lt; 0.01). In terms of ethnicity, Koreans had larger chin volumes than Egyptians p &lt; 0.01). Chin volume was related to population, sex, anteroposterior skeletal pattern, and vertical skeletal pattern, indicating the combined effects of various factors.

Memaknai Ulang Film Ajari Aku Islam Perspektif Roland Barthes

This research is motivated by the rapid development of information and communication technology. One of them is the development of film. In the course of its history this film has become a very large and profitable industry. Film is a form of mass media that can spread messages with its technical advantages. This study aims to describe the representation of the moral message in the film Ajari Aku Islam in terms of denotation, connotation and myth. and knowing the religious values​​contained in the film Teach Me Islam by jaymes Rianto. This study uses interpretive qualitative research. This approach allows the author to make in-depth observations and analyzes of the object to be studied. In the process the researcher will direct interactive qualitative research to explain moral values ​​seen through the meanings of denotations, connotations, and myths and representations contained in the film Ajari Aku Islam with the Roland Barthes model. This research seeks to describe facts that are interpreted correctly. As a result, the writer finds that the scene contains several meanings and messages, namely: the moral message of the importance of tolerance in religion; Then the religious messages contained in certain parts of the dialogue. Namely the values ​​of the aqidah which discuss faith in Allah SWT, the moral values​​include the morals towards oneself, parents, family and society, the values ​​of worship include prayer. Recommendation, For Muslims, tolerance and mutual respect for differences can help us to build friendship in a society that has diversity in terms of culture, ethnicity, and ethnicity.

Buddhism in Aotearoa New Zealand: Multiple Sources and Diverse Forms

This article presents a provisional survey of Buddhists and Buddhist organizations in Aotearoa/New Zealand, identifying their key characteristics in terms of national origin, ethnicity, and areas of geographical concentration. We draw on three decades of the New Zealand census (1991-2018) to analyze demographic data about those who identify as Buddhist, and information from the NZ Charities Register to identify general characteristics of the diverse range of Buddhist organizations in the country. Based on this demographic data, we identify three main types of Buddhist institutions: (1) centers/temples serving heritage or “migrant” communities from Asian countries with Buddhist heritage; (2) centers which we refer to as “Pākehā/Multi-ethnic” because they serve newer Buddhists (“converts”) who are primarily but not exclusively Pākehā (NZ European), and (3) “multi-ethnic” organizations that include varying combinations of heritage and non-heritage Buddhists. Within each of the three categories we see diverse organizational forms and streams of distinctive Buddhist traditions, including sectarian, ethnic, and hybrid forms, each of which have contributed to a diverse religious landscape in significant ways. Most Buddhist centers are in urban areas, with 70 percent in or near Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. The main Buddhist traditions are almost equally represented across these institutions with 35 percent identified as Mahayana, 32 percent as Theravada, and 35 percent as Vajrayana (and 0.7% as mixed). The number of Buddhists in New Zealand has increased over the past three decades from 12,705 to 52,779, and approximately 80 percent identify with at least one of the Asian ethnic groups. Buddhists constitute only 1.1 percent of the total population, with at least 134 centers of varying sizes across the country. However, Buddhism may be exerting a cultural influence beyond these numbers, as recent research identified Buddhists as the “most trusted” religious group in contemporary New Zealand. In presenting this preliminary survey, we aim to provide a base for more in-depth investigations.

Engagement, Use, and Impact of Digital Mental Health Resources for Diverse Populations in COVID-19: Community-Partnered Evaluation.

The COVID-19 pandemic increased disparities for communities burdened by structural barriers such as reduced affordable housing, with mental health consequences. Limited data are available on digital resources for public mental health prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aim was to evaluate engagement in and impact of free digital resources on the Together for Wellness/Juntos por Nuestro Bienestar (T4W/Juntos) website during COVID-19 in California. A pilot evaluation of T4W/Juntos was performed, with partner agencies inviting providers, clients, and partners to visit the website and complete surveys at baseline (September 20, 2021, to April 4, 2022) and at 4-6-week follow-up (October 22, 2021, to May 17, 2022). Website use was assessed by three engagement items (ease of use, satisfaction, relevance), comfort in use, and use of six resource categories. Primary outcomes at follow-up were depression and anxiety (scores≥3 on Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item [PHQ2] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 item [GAD2] scales). Secondary outcomes were post-pre differences in PHQ2 and GAD2 scores, and use of behavioral health hotlines and services the month before follow-up. Of 366 eligible participants, 315 (86.1%) completed baseline and 193 (61.3%) completed follow-up surveys. Of baseline participants, 72.6% identified as female, and 21.3% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and others (LGBTQ+). In terms of ethnicity, 44.0% identified as Hispanic, 17.8% as African American, 26.9% as non-Hispanic white, and 11.4% as other ethnicity. Overall, 32.7% had moderate anxiety or depression (GAD2/PHQ2≥3) at baseline. Predictors of baseline website engagement included being Hispanic versus other race/ethnicity (β=.27, 95% CI .10-.44; P=.002) and number of COVID-19-related behavior changes (β=.09, 95% CI .05-.13; P<.001). Predictors of comfort using the website were preferring English for website use (odds ratio [OR] 5.57, 95% CI 2.22-13.96; P<.001) and COVID-19-related behavior changes (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12-1.66; P=.002); receiving overnight behavioral health treatment in the prior 6 months (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.69, P=.015) was associated with less comfort in website use. The main predictor of depression at follow-up (PHQ2≥3) was baseline depression (OR 6.24, 95% CI 2.77-14.09; P<.001). Engagement in T4W/Juntos was associated with lower likelihood of depression (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86; P=.01). Website use the month before follow-up was associated with a post-pre reduction in PHQ2 score (β=-.62, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.20; P=.004). The main predictor of GAD2≥3 at follow-up was baseline GAD2≥3 (OR 13.65, 95% CI 6.06-30.72; P<.001). Greater baseline website engagement predicted reduced hotline use (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.71; P=.004). Ethnicity/language and COVID-19-related behavior changes were associated with website engagement; engagement and use predicted reduced follow-up depression and behavioral hotline use. Findings are based on participants recommended by community agencies with moderate follow-up rates; however, significance was similar when weighting for nonresponse. This study may inform research and policy on digital mental health prevention resources.