Terms Of Emotional Responses Research Articles

Psycho-social factors associated with climate distress, hope and behavioural intentions in young UK residents.

Although the UK has been relatively spared significant geophysical impacts of climate change, many people, youth in particular, are increasingly worried about climate change. The psychological distress associated with the (perceived) threat of climate change has been linked to poorer mental wellbeing but can also promote adaptive responses such as engagement in pro-environmental behaviour. In this mixed methods study, we delve deeper into the experience of 'climate distress' among UK residents aged 16-24 (N = 539). We conducted an online survey assessing general mental health, subjective wellbeing, and climate distress with existing scales. We also included novel questions assessing positive and negative life impacts of climate change, open-ended questions on aspirations and priorities for the future, and engagement in pro-environmental and climate actions. Our findings indicate that mental health factors may contribute to vulnerability to climate distress. Predictably, socio-psychological responses to climate change (i.e., frustration over inaction, lack of control, and shame or guilt about one's own contributions) were linked to higher scores on the climate distress scale. Negatively appraised climate change-related events (i.e., seeing an environment they care about change for the worse) were associated with higher climate distress. Individuals with high climate distress (10.1% of our sample) reported worrying about the impact of climate change on their own future more frequently than any other topic surveyed (including personal finance, career, relationships, politics). Both positive (hope/interest) and negative (anger/frustration) emotions inspired action-taking, especially climate activism, which was negatively predicted by guilt/shame and sadness/fear. Private-sphere pro-environmental actions appeared less driven by strong emotions. Overall, our findings present a more nuanced picture of climate distress in terms of emotional responses, behaviour, and mental health. Longitudinal research is urgently needed to understand how distress may change over time, and the conditions that lead to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes.

Kindled emotions: Commemoration and the importance of meaning making, support and recognition.

Commemorative events, organized in the aftermath of war or large-scale violence, can have an emotional impact on those who are attending. We examined several characteristics that might influence this impact. In a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study, participants (n = 307) watched footage of the broadcast of the Dutch National Commemoration, in which World War II is remembered. A control group of 48 participants watched the commemoration broadcast live on Remembrance Day. They were matched for age, gender, war experience and migration background with 48 participants from the study group who watched the footage, to conduct a comparability check. We found some evidence that watching the footage was comparable to watching the commemoration live on Remembrance Day in terms of emotional response and experience of psychosocial factors. Participants in the footage sample (n = 307) responded with an increase of negative and decrease of positive emotions. Individual characteristics were limitedly related to the emotional response; posttraumatic stress symptom severity predicted increased negative emotions. Experiencing meaning making, support and, to a lesser extent, recognition through commemorating was related to experiencing more positive emotions. The findings indicate these psychosocial factors may buffer the emotional distress elicited by commemoration and contribute to important cognitive and social benefits. Practical implications are discussed.

Assessing the Emotional Response in Social Communication: The Role of Neuromarketing.

Social advertising is designed to have an impact on the behavior of the target audience to improve the welfare of both the individuals and the society. The challenge for social marketing is to respond to the exchange process in a social perspective, considering that non-profit actions are perceived as intangible since they deal with services. As donations, the neuroscience applied to consumer behavior is an added value since it offers elements explaining the reactions of the individuals to emotional contents. Understanding the emotions in the moment in which they are felt allows to understand the experimentation of a message by individuals and to understand the possibility that the message can change the behavior of the target audience. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the Unicef bequest campaign in terms of emotional response, comparing different creative proposals to optimize communication, applying neuromarketing tools to the social area. The experiment involved 70 participants (35 males; 35 females; mean age 68.94 years) and compared two different spots and flyers. The progeny factor was introduced to assess the different impacts of bequests depending on the presence or absence of potential heirs. The neuromarketing tools such as electroencephalography (EEG), skin conductance (SC), and eye-tracker were used for instrumentation purposes. Analysis of the two spots showed statistically significant differences in both the Approach–Withdrawal Index (AWI), for the cognitive involvement, and the SC, the emotional activation indicator, particularly for those not having children (target audience) and in a specific spot that linked the possibility to live after death. The detection of the emotional responses through neuromarketing tools, associated with the non-profit communication, resulted particularly effective and verified an increment of 35% of the donations. Analyses performed with neuromarketing techniques allowed to understand both emotional intensity and cognitive involvement and to understand the best solution, according to the target audience and the aim of Unicef.

Emotional imagination of negative situations: Functional neuroimaging in anorexia and bulimia.

AimThe present study aims to extend the knowledge of the neural correlates of emotion processing in first episode subjects affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). We applied an emotional distress paradigm targeting negative emotions thought to be relevant for interpersonal difficulties and therapeutic resistance mechanisms.MethodsThe current study applied to 44 female participants with newly diagnosed AN or BN and 20 matched controls a neuroimaging paradigm eliciting affective responses. The measurements also included an extensive assessment comprising clinical scales, neuropsychological tests, measures of emotion processing and empathy.ResultsAN and BN did not differ from controls in terms of emotional response, emotion matching, self-reported empathy and cognitive performance. However, eating disorder and psychopathological clinical scores, as well as alexithymia levels, were increased in AN and BN. On a neural level, no significant group differences emerged, even when focusing on a region of interest selected a priori: the amygdala. Some interesting findings put in relation the hippocampal activity with the level of Body Dissatisfaction of the participants, the relative importance of the key nodes for the common network in the decoding of different emotions (BN = right amygdala, AN = anterior cingulate area), and the qualitative profile of the deactivations.ConclusionsOur data do not support the hypothesis that participants with AN or BN display reduced emotional responsiveness. However, peculiar characteristics in emotion processing could be associated to the three different groups. Therefore, relational difficulties in eating disorders, as well as therapeutic resistance, could be not secondary to a simple difficulty in feeling and identifying basic negative emotions in AN and BN participants.

Development and experimental validation of a dataset of 360°-videos for facilitating school-based bullying prevention programs

Virtual Reality (VR) is considered an effective way to boost empathy by adopting the perspective of others, thus having clear potential for improving anti-bullying programs. However, this potential benefit of VR is limited by both the lack of adequate content and the lack of empirical evidence of its effectiveness. In this article, we present the process of co-creation of a set of 360°-videos representing the experience of victims of bullying from a first-person perspective, involving secondary school students (N = 89). The impact of bullying content and VR presentation in terms of emotional response was later assessed in an experiment (N = 35) in which we collected both participants’ self-reported and psychophysiological measures of emotional state during the viewing. The results support the effectiveness of VR in producing realistic emotional responses to the acts of bullying, although differences between self-reported and psychophysiological measures were observed. Lessons learned, limitations, and implications for the use of VR for bullying prevention are discussed.

Nursing Students' Peer Feedback Types and Emotional Response, Quality of Feedback, and Self-efficacy for Learning from Peer Feedback in Skill Training

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify types of peer feedback in nursing skills performance training and to investigate emotional response, perceived quality of feedback and self-efficacy for learning from peer feedback. Methods: A total of 110 second-year nursing students attending fundamentals of nursing classes at a university participated in 2017. Participants received peer feedback from one selected colleague who observed their skills performance, and completed a questionnaire. Contents of peer feedback video recordings were transcribed and classified into seven types of feedback. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: Participants mostly received feedback of 'correcting' and 'providing information.' Positive emotional responses from peer feedback were above medium, and negative emotional responses were low. The perceived quality of peer feedback was moderate and self-efficacy for learning was high. Quality of feedback correlated with negative emotional response (r=-.24, p=.014), and self-efficacy for learning (r=.35, p<.001). Self-efficacy for learning correlated with intimacy with peers (r=.24, p=.011) and positive emotional response (r=.21, p=.028). Conclusion: The results suggest that peer feedback in skill training could be used in terms of emotional response and self-efficacy for learning.

Emotional response to wine: Sensory properties, age and gender as drivers of consumers’ preferences

Previous research has shown the relevance of studying consumers’ emotional response to products for product development and as a marketing tool to attract the widest range of consumers. This study aims (1) to explain the relationship between emotional and sensory traits of wine products and (2) to understand the effect of gender and age in wine preferences and evoked emotions.Six different commercial wines with very different sensory properties were selected. Sensory analyses performed by a trained panel of 11 assessors were used to describe wines. Degree of liking and emotional response were rated by a consumer panel (n = 208) drawn from different age segments using a modified version of EsSense25. The results showed that EsSense25 was able to measure emotional response in the set of studied wines. Also, sensory and emotional profiles of the same set of wines revealed a relationship between attributes like fruity and floral and positive emotions, and liquorice, clove and vanilla and neutral and negative emotions. Differences in emotional response by gender and age were found: in general, men reported higher scores on significant emotions than women for all the wines, but women, although they gave generally lower ratings than men, reported greater differences between the wines and were able to discriminate among the wines regarding emotions such as joyful. Also, regarding age segments, all of the wines evoked significantly higher scores in older adults than in middle-aged and young adults for most emotional terms. However, young adults showed higher discrimination between wines than the other age groups, in terms of emotional responses towards the set of wines tested in this study.

A model of goal directed vegetable parenting practices

The aim of this study was to explore factors underlying parents’ motivations to use vegetable parenting practices (VPP) using the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices (MGDVPP) (an adaptation of the Model of Goal Directed Behavior) as the theoretical basis for qualitative interviews. In-depth interviews with parents of 3–5-year-old children were conducted over the telephone by trained interviewers following a script. MGDVPP constructs provided the theoretical framework guiding script development. Audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed, with themes coded independently by two interviewers. Fifteen participants completed the study. Interviews elicited information about possible predictors of motivations as they related to VPP, and themes emerged related to each of the MGDVPP constructs (attitudes, positive anticipated emotions, negative anticipated emotions, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). Parents believed child vegetable consumption was important and associated with child health and vitality. Parents described motivations to engage in specific VPP in terms of emotional responses, influential relationships, food preferences, resources, and food preparation skills. Parents discussed specific strategies to encourage child vegetable intake. Interview data suggested parents used diverse VPP to encourage child intake and that varied factors predicted their use. Understanding these factors could inform the design of interventions to increase parents’ use of parenting practices that promote long-term child consumption of vegetables.

Psychological effects of brace therapy on patients with idiopathic scoliosis

To examine the psychological effects of brace treatment for idiopathic scoliosis, we performed separate retrospective and prospective studies. In the retrospective study, 50 female patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 50 healthy control subjects without scoliosis were given the Maudsley personality inventory (M test). This test assesses personality in terms of emotional response to stress, and an introversion/ extroversion score (E) and a neuroticism score (N) are calculated. The percentage of individuals with psychological abnormalities according to the M test results that is, those whose results for both the E and N scores were either below or above the normal range (divided into four groups, according to scores, as E-N- type, E-N+, E+N-, and E+N+) was markedly higher in the group receiving brace treatment than in the group receiving non-brace treatment or the control group. In the prospective study of 44 adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis, chronological changes in the results of the M test revealed a greater shift from the normal type to abnormal type in the brace therapy group than in the non-brace therapy group. Brace therapy places a tremendous psychological stress on young adults. The results of this study indicate that any pre-existing psychological problems in the patient need to be considered before a brace is used. The use of the M test in patients receiving brace therapy is useful for evaluating the psychological effects and helping to prevent patients stopping brace use. We continue brace therapy in subjects whose personality type is rated as normal or E+N- type. However, in subjects whose personality type is E-N-, E-N+, or E+N+ type, we take measures to reduce the psychological effects by offering counseling or permitting part-time brace wearing.

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DIALYSING FLUID OF ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY.

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Aim</h3> The present study aims to extend the knowledge of the neural correlates of emotion processing in first episode subjects affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). We applied an emotional distress paradigm targeting negative emotions thought to be relevant for interpersonal difficulties and therapeutic resistance mechanisms. <h3>Methods</h3> The current study applied a neuroimaging paradigm eliciting affective responses to 44 female participants with newly diagnosed AN or BN and 20 matched controls. The measurements also included an extensive assessment comprised of clinical scales, neuropsychological tests, measures of emotion processing and empathy. <h3>Results</h3> AN and BN did not differ from controls in terms of emotional response, emotion matching, self-reported empathy and cognitive performance. However, scores of eating disorder and psychopathological clinical scores, as well alexithymia levels, were increased in AN and BN. On a neural level, no significant group differences emerged, even when focusing on a region of interest selected a priori: the amygdala. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data are against the hypothesis that participants with AN or BN display a reduced emotional responsiveness. This supports the hypothesis that relational difficulties, as well as therapeutic resistance, are not secondary to simple difficulty in feeling and identifying basic negative emotions in AN and BN participants.