Terms Of Economic Potential Research Articles

Geochemistry of Bled El Hadba phosphorites (NE Algeria): Glauconitization process versus REE-enrichment

Rare earth element (REE) enrichment in Algerian phosphorites has been evoked recently by a number of authors and are considered among the richest Paleocene-Eocene phosphorites worldwide. The Bled El Hadba deposit belongs to the giant Djebel Onk phosphorite complex in northeast Algeria. The deposit was subject to many geological studies that were focused on P2O5 contents for commercial purposes. The upper Thanetian phosphorite layer is about 30 m thick, and subdivided into three sub-layers (lower, main and upper sub-layer), based on P2O5 contents, where the main sub-layer is considered to be the richest. Despite this, few detailed geochemical investigations were carried out on this deposit thus far. In this work, major, trace and REE analyses were conducted on phosphate particles (pellets, coprolites and glauconites) using ‘in situ’ LA-ICP MS, and on whole-rock samples using XRF technique. The results show that the main sub-layer displays the highest whole-rock P2O5 contents, varying between 19.65 and 21.32 wt% compared to the lower (10.47–16.87 wt%) and upper (9.43–13.87 wt%) sub-layers. Among the phosphate particles, glauconites display the lowest P2O5 contents in the three sub-layers (17.45–19.35 wt%) compared to pellets (21.14–24.33 wt%) and coprolites (21.75–24.12 wt%), and largely the highest Al2O3, SiO2, MgO and Fe2O3(t). Glauconites also show higher ΣREE contents (764–2050 ppm) compared to pellets (221–910 ppm) and coprolites (214–909 ppm). Within the glauconite particles, the ΣREE, along with Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, and Fe2O3(t) contents, increase from core to the rim, whereas P2O5 contents decrease, which suggests that glauconitization postdates phosphatization processes. Also, the glauconitization process increase from the lower to the upper sub-layer; this is shown by the positive correlations between Al2O3 contents and those of MgO and SiO2 in one hand, and negative correlations between Al2O3 and P2O5 on the other hand. Ce, Eu, Y anomalies, along with La/Nd ratios and Nd contents, all point towards phosphatization under oxic conditions as a result of warm water upwelling, whereas glauconitization started under more reduced (sub-oxic) conditions; i.e., during early diagenesis, the peak of REE uptake from porewater, and under slow sedimentation rates.Despite their relatively low P2O5 concentrations, the ΣREE contents of the Bled El Hadba phosphate particles record the highest concentrations in all Algerian and north African phosphorites. The main sub-layer is considered to be the most glauconite-rich phosphorite in Algeria. Therefore, more extensive REE analyses are recommended to better evaluate its economic potential in terms of critical raw materials.

Speculating on social life

AbstractThis article addresses how a group of people in the San Francisco Bay Area turns social encounters into opportunities to make money. This group participated in sales schemes known as multi‐level marketing (MLM). MLM companies use a sales model in which participants earn money by selling products on behalf of companies while also recruiting people to join the companies as fellow salespeople. MLM participants earn financial commissions through selling products and recruiting others to join their network, leading them to hunt for new customers in public spaces or among existing social connections. The subjects of the study perceived social life as a commercial opportunity that could lead to financial gain, deliberately turning Saturday morning at the farmers' market or Sunday night dinner at a restaurant into an opportunity to recruit new customers. I interpret these activities as a form of social speculation: MLM participants invested their time in relationships that may 1 day be profitable, but they never knew whether their efforts would succeed. The potential to make money from social encounters was a constant motivator. Social speculation is an expression of a development in the United States in which people perceive social relationships in terms of economic potential because of precarious market conditions.

How to rank? Ranking of Russian regions through the taxonometry method

Subject. This article analyzes the relationship between the regions of Russia in terms of economic potential. Objectives. The article aims to find objective criteria for constructing a rating of Russian regions. Methods. To analyze statistical data, we used the taxonometry method. Results. The article presents a certain ranking of some regions of Russia in terms of economic indicators. Conclusions. The taxonometry analysis helps compare regions for an almost unlimited number of indicators.

The Investing Perspectives in Stevedoring Services of The Seaports in Georgia

The international market of stevedoring services is a combination of national sea trading ports that serve the transportation of goods in the framework of international trade that actively compete with each other. The purpose of this work is to develop the economic foundations and practical recommendations for regulating the development of stevedoring activities based on modern investment process management methods. It also considers the optimization of the definition and analysis of the use of economic potential of seaports and the problem of choosing optimization criteria at different stages of the algorithm problem solving. The analysis of the competitiveness of ports requires describing the economic potential in terms of resource and organizational and managerial capabilities. Furthermore, there is discussed the theoretical foundations and practical recommendations for developing a seaport development strategy for viable and well-calculated transformations in the port sector. The practical recommendations are related to external and internal analysis of the seaport environment, development of the mission and goals of the seaport, development of basic and functional strategies,formation of a strategic planning system. Keywords: Seaports, Stevedoring services, Strategic management, Competitiveness.

Tourism Development Policy Through Economic Potential in Supporting Tourism and Creative Economy Programs in the Lake Toba Region

If implemented with optimal planning, tourism development will encourage economic growth and improve people's welfare. However, if tourism development does not go through good planning, it will hurt people's lives around the Lake Toba area. Efforts to develop tourism objects in terms of economic potential by increasing the diversity and competitiveness of local community products and facilitating and fostering community tourism businesses through tourism marketing programs. Tourism development also opens up job opportunities and can build regional economies and local communities in tourism areas such as Lake Toba. Various economic potentials that can be developed in the Lake Toba area include improving the quality of local community handicrafts such as making sculptures, souvenirs, and weaving, which carry the characteristics of the Lake Toba region. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method and analyzed by SWOT analysis. The results of this study generate opportunities and challenges in developing tourism in the Lake Toba region through planning for the economic potential so that there is a grouping of economic potential according to its type. The advantages of the developed economic potential are characteristic of the area around the Lake Toba area and becoming a supporter of the development of Lake Toba tourism. One of the results is realizing a tourist village which is the hallmark of tourism in Samosir Regency, namely Ulos Village in Lumban Suhi Suhi Touran Village.

Adaptive Remanufacturing – Decision Model for the Intelligent Maintenance of Production Resources

The life cycle extension of capital goods holds considerable ecological and economic potential in terms of improved resource efficiency in view of increasing resource scarcity and rising environmental awareness. The innovative approach of Adaptive Remanufacturing (AdR) allows to raise these potentials. The objective of this article is the detailed introduction of the structure and functioning of the AdR decision model. AdR describes a proactive, intelligent maintenance strategy based on structured decisions about the optimal time and scope of maintenance and remanufacturing measures. The basis of assessment are the remanufacturing-relevant components of a capital good. To protect these components from critical wear and tear, component conditions are monitored, and sensor measurement data are transferred into the decision model as dynamic input. Based on condition monitoring and defined threshold values per sensor, critical states of the monitored components are predicted. These forecasts trigger the decision process to identify and suggest suitable measures and the optimal point in time for their application based on a catalogue of measures, which serves as static input for the decision model. From this catalogue, feasible measures are preselected according to their technical suitability for specific components and wear mechanisms. To determine the optimal measure for a given component and wear, measures are assessed in terms of benefits regarding the state of a component as well as economic and ecological efforts. The decision model is implemented in a web-based software application. As a main result, it provides key figures regarding short- and long-term expenses, the CO2 consumption, and the effective duration per measure. Moreover, a prioritised measure recommendation is issued. The AdR decision model thus enables the substantiated selection of the optimal maintenance or remanufacturing measure per component.

Updated System Supporting Regional Development in Germany

The long-term trajectory of the German regional policy is formed by the terms of overcoming the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. The article discusses in this context the comprehensive all-German system for financing structurally weak regions, provides information on specific programs in 2020–2021, and also shows the connection with European instruments for financing regional policy in 2021–2027. The restructuring of this system of support measures was designed to improve the situation in underdeveloped territories and to help reduce differences in the conditions of recent challenges in technology, energy, and ecology. It is determined that Germany continues to be characterized by the differentiation in terms of economic potential between the East and West of the country. The paper demonstrates that the pandemic only highlighted the demands for the development of new mechanisms and a more active regional policy. It is emphasized that all eligible regions in the country now have access to more than 20 funding programs that were previously restricted to the regions of East Germany. It is determined that the streamlining of such measures is clearly only an auxiliary function in the public administration system and is aimed, first of all, at better coordination of existing instruments. Efficiency limitations are also the continuing autonomy of many programs, the possibility of excessive competition from now all underdeveloped regions of Germany for financial resources.

Shapley-Shubik Index incorporated debottlenecking framework for sustainable food-energy-water nexus optimised palm oil-based complex

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) elimination has been considered recently as the alternative to expensive biogas recovery to conquer environmental criticisms in the palm oil industry involving the release of biogas (i.e., a primary contributor towards climate change), during POME treatment. With POME elimination and mill-refinery integration considered, the integrated palm oil-based complex (POBC) serves as an appropriate system for sustainable food-energy-water (FEW) nexus evaluations. In this respect, multi-objective optimisation and debottlenecking of POBC has been suggested to address the economic and environmental trade-offs in palm oil mill (POM) for cleaner production. In this study, a stepwise debottlenecking framework was proposed to include previous fuzzy multi-objective optimisation approach and a new debottlenecking method to improve the fuzzy optimal POBC design and evaluate the impact of process on FEW nexus contributions. Each process creates distinctive impact or influence on the POBC performance. Shapley-Shubik Power Index (SSI) has been applied in the notion of power for yes-no voting systems. By evaluating the operate-fail possibilities of internal processes, SSI can be utilised to allocate the power of each process in achieving or failing the POBC performance target, prior to identifying the system bottleneck (SB) in terms of process stage. Therefore, a novel process-level debottlenecking approach with SSI incorporation for a sustainable FEW system was proposed. The SB of greatest impact on overall POBC performance within the fuzzy optimal flowsheet was identified based on SSI allocation and weightage assignment considering decision-maker's interest in multiple goals. Subsequently, the debottlenecked POBC flowsheet with improvement in SB process parameter was generated subjected to profit maximisation and environmental constraints. In this study, the nut/kernel separation and biomass cogeneration system was identified as the SB of fuzzy optimal POBC. The debottlenecked results show 0.8% and 51% of profit and net energy improvement upon 30% increment of boiler efficiency. The debottlenecked flowsheet is validated in the benefit-to-drawback ratio analysis with a feasible score of 3.9. The POME-eliminated POBC generated via the integrated multi-objective optimisation and debottlenecking framework is applicable for POM retrofit to secure 13%, 97% and 47% of improvements in terms of economic potential, greenhouse gas emissions and water footprint compared to the status quo biogas utilisation scenario. The results of the study could aid palm oil holders in real-life planning of budget distribution and maintenance schedule for process stages in the retrofitted POM.

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ СКЛАДНИК ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ НАСІННИЦЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

Global trends once again testify to the crucial role of food security of countries, which is formed by industries and subsectors of the agro-industrial complex. A special and strategically important component of the agro-industrial complex is the seed industry, which has an important mission in forming the seed fund of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of crops, transfer of innovations and introduction of advanced achievements of agricultural selection and genetics in production. The potential of agro-industrial enterprises and, as a result, food and economic security of Ukraine directly depend on the formation and growth of economic potential of seed enterprises. The aim of the research is to substantiate the theoretical foundations of determining the innovative component of the economic potential of seed enterprises. The definite origins and evolution of scientific views on the potential of the enterprise are analyzed. A critical review of the definition of the categories "potential" and "economic potential" in the scientific works of economists and encyclopedic sources is given. The peculiarities of the definition of economic potential in terms of taking into account the specifics of seed enterprises are described. It is proved that among the definitive sources of economic potential of seed enterprises the inclusion of an innovative component is important, which is expressed through the ability and capacity of entities to facilitate the transfer of innovative plant varieties and hybrids that can increase yields, provide agricultural products, increase efficiency food security of the country. The scientific novelty of the research is to deepen the substantive content of the category "economic potential of the enterprise" through the inclusion of opportunities in the transfer of innovation, which meets the demands of the environment of seed enterprises in a changing environment and forms the basis for effective management. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is that the proposed approaches will form the methodological foundations of adaptive and innovative modeling of the economic potential of seed enterprises in a changing competitive environment.

Assessing the economic potential to increase the retirement age in Russian regions

Subject. This article discusses the further development of the Russian compulsory pension insurance scheme. Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to assessing the regional aspect of pension insurance and security, showing a high degree of differentiation in the system's development in Russian regions. Methods. For the study, I used a factor analysis integral method. Results. Identifying demographic, socio-economic and financial factors, the article shows a significant variation between the maximum and minimum values of indicators reflecting the state of the pension system in the Russian regions, and significant differences in economic potential in terms of raising the retirement age. Relevance. The proposed original algorithm for assessing the region's readiness to raise the retirement age can be used for any subject of the Russian Federation. Testing of this technique is of exceptional importance in the face of impending economic collapse in the regions due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which will increase the negative effect of raising the retirement age.

From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential

This study demonstrates the theoretical, technical, optimal economic and sustainable potential of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) globally. A global estimate of EGS is presented in a 1°×1° spatial resolution. Constructed temperature at depth maps are computed for every 1 km thick layer, from 1 to 10 km. Multiple factors such as surface heat flow, thermal conductivity, radioactive heat production, and surface temperature are involved, and obtained from various sources and assumptions. The global EGS theoretical potential is assessed. Available heat content is then estimated using technical constraints for the temperature equal to or higher than 150 °C for any 1 km depth, and presented as thermal energy and electrical power capacity. The EGS optimal economic potential is derived from the optimum depth and the corresponding minimum levelised cost of electricity. The global optimal economic potential in terms of power capacity is found to be about 6 and 108 TWe for the cost years of 2030 and 2050, respectively. If economic and water stress constraints are excluded, the global EGS potential can be as much as 200 TWe. Further, an industrial cost curve is developed for the levelised cost of electricity as a function of EGS technical power capacity. The findings indicate that around 4600 GWe of EGS capacity can be built at a cost of 50 €/MWh or lower. A method is applied to measure the sustainable geothermal resource base. The obtained sustainable potential is found to be 256 GWe in 2050. Results are presented on a country basis and globally.

Desarrollo dinámico de Azerbaiyán: éxitos y logros (2003-2019).

El artículo justifica la implementación exitosa de la estrategia de seguridad energética de Azerbaiyán, la cual lo hace país líder en la región en términos de potencial económico en el Cáucaso del Sur. El artículo explora la implementación de los proyectos Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum, Baku-Tbilisi-Kars, TANAP, TAP y otros proyectos por iniciativa de Azerbaiyán, analiza logros obtenidos en los ámbitos de política exterior, cultural, humanitaria y deportiva, explora la diversidad cultural, los valores multiculturales y tolerantes en la política nacional y exterior de Azerbaiyán, así como examina la integridad territorial de Azerbaiyán como una prioridad clave de su política exterior. La garantía de la integridad territorial de Azerbaiyán se estudia en el artículo como la principal dirección prioritaria de su política exterior.

MODELING THE DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF PROFITS IN VARIOUS BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

The model of distribution and use of profit has been offered. The model provides for the choice of development strategy based on the calculation of the integral indicator of economic potential in terms of financial, economic, market and labor potential of the organization. The criteria are indicative intervals of the integrated indicator of economic potential for each development strategy: anti-crisis, strategy of stable development and strategy of accelerated development. The options for determining the proportions of distribution of net profit in accordance with the adopted strategy and for controlling profit have been considered, providing information to the integrated accounting of the deviation of the actual level of net profit from indicative and allowing you to make corrective solutions: transition to other strategy development or adjustment of the flexible areas of use of profits. The modeling process has been reviewed on the example of a trade organization.

Determination of economically optimised building integrated photovoltaic systems for utilisation on facades in the tropical climate: A case study of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are becoming a viable solution for clean on-site energy production and utilisation to combat the existing energy crisis. In tropical climates, although rooftops are ideal for photovoltaic (PV) module integration, the available area may be insufficient to meet building energy demand due to the recent high-rise nature of urban buildings, causing a requirement for the utilisation of facades. However, the high angle of solar elevation means that facades are unfavourably oriented towards receiving incident solar irradiation. In addition, the issue exists of high solar heat gains into built spaces. This paper proposes a method to utilise horizontally inclined photovoltaic modules integrated on solar shading devices in order to combat these issues of unfavourable inclination and solar heat gains in commercial office buildings in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Various strategies are introduced and evaluated in terms of their inclination angles and the distance between installations. The results are analysed in terms of economic potential in order to determine which strategies are capable of producing the most electricity and reducing building cooling loads for the lowest installation costs. The results show that horizontal inclinations of PV on facades are capable of generating nearly 8% more electricity as a percentage of the building energy consumption when compared with traditional vertical PV facade installations.

The treatment of migraine patients with triptans – is there a need for further Rx-to-OTC switches?

Abstract Objective The disease migraine affects a large share of the German population and is linked to a high economic potential in terms of direct and indirect sickness costs. Triptans are the recommended treatment in the case of an acute migraine attack. Both, the disease and its appropriate treatment are of interest in the context of self-medication and Rx-to-OTC switch efforts. Therefore, a survey was carried out with the intention to collect data among migraine patients regarding the use of analgesics in general and of triptans specifically. This data can be the basis for further health economic considerations. Methods By an online survey among 206 migraine patients, different data regarding patients suffering from migraine, the frequency and sort of symptoms and the use of analgesics in general as well as triptans specifically was collected and analysed. A special focus was on symptoms affecting patients’ productivity, their use of triptans and their satisfaction with the current supply situation with triptans. Results The survey revealed among other findings that most patients suffer from symptoms which limit their productivity or their ability to work and make an immediate treatment necessary. Most patients know well about their disease and feel able to treat themselves in the context of self-medication once they are diagnosed by a physician. In this context a demand for further triptans available without a prescription could be identified. This is specifically, because patients respond differently to various triptans. Therefore, a larger variety of prescription free triptans would increase the number of patients with access to OTC triptans significantly. Conclusion Most survey respondents know well about their disease and the appropriate treatment and feel able to treat themselves within the scope of self-medication. Nevertheless, they mostly respond to one triptan only. In the case of an acute migraine attack an immediate treatment is required, ideal is an intake of triptans as soon as first symptoms occur. In this context pharmacies play an important role as fast and low-threshold access point to medications. Because only a limited number of patients responds to the already prescription free available triptans, there is a demand for further Rx-to-OTC switches of triptans among migraine patients which should be considered in further switch efforts in Germany.

Quadruple Helix Innovation Model for Rural Development: The Case of Sukaraja Tourist Village in Indonesia


 
 
 Tourist villages in Indonesia have a very important role in rural development. The village is the smallest unit of rural development in Indonesia that has its own autonomy in management. Even though there are many innovation models have been well developed in some parts of the world, but it has yet to be implemented in Indonesia. Quadruple helix innovation model has been introduced in developed countries to develop their countries. Thus, this model is seen suitable to be adapted in some villages in Indonesia to achieve prosperity and to improve the welfare of Indonesian society. In general, this research is aimed to adapt the quadruple helix innovation model for the tourist village in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Specifically, this research is aimed to (1) identify the driver for the village development, (2) examine the process of village development, and (3) adapt a model of the village process development. The design for this research is a case study. This case study is conducted in a Sukaraja tourist village in Tasikmalaya, West Java that is chosen purposely. Sukaraja Village is chosen as a study location because it has economic potential in terms of tourism and handicrafts. From the existing condition of socioeconomic and cultural in Sukaraja Village this study adapts a quadruple helix innovation model using soft system methodology to achieve prosperity and to improve the welfare of the village community. The results of this study show that (1) the driver for the village development is a tourism industry that have to manage professionally, therefore have to run by village-owned enterprise (2) the process of village development is a holistic process and cannot be done just by single institution, and (3) the model of process development called a quadruple helix innovation model, which is using synergies from four institutions in the village, there are the village government, the village industries, the village education system and the village industrial community. As a whole, the quadruple helix innovation model can be used to improve village welfare communities and in turn will enhance the prosperity of Indonesian society as a whole.
 
 

Advanced bioanalytics for precision medicine.

Precision medicine is a new paradigm that combines diagnostic, imaging, and analytical tools to produce accurate diagnoses and therapeutic interventions tailored to the individual patient. This approach stands in contrast to the traditional "one size fits all" concept, according to which researchers develop disease treatments and preventions for an "average" patient without considering individual differences. The "one size fits all" concept has led to many ineffective or inappropriate treatments, especially for pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Now, precision medicine is receiving massive funding in many countries, thanks to its social and economic potential in terms of improved disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Bioanalytical chemistry is critical to precision medicine. This is because identifying an appropriate tailored therapy requires researchers to collect and analyze information on each patient's specific molecular biomarkers (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites). In other words, precision diagnostics is not possible without precise bioanalytical chemistry. This Trend article highlights some of the most recent advances, including massive analysis of multilayer omics, and new imaging technique applications suitable for implementing precision medicine. Graphical abstract Precision medicine combines bioanalytical chemistry, molecular diagnostics, and imaging tools for performing accurate diagnoses and selecting optimal therapies for each patient.

Significant enrichment of Ga, Rb, Cs, REEs and Y in the Jurassic No. 6 coal in the Iqe Coalfield, northern Qaidam Basin, China—A hidden gem

This paper presents new data concerning the mineralogy and trace element geochemistry of the enriched rare metals in the Jurassic No. 6 coal from the Iqe Coalfield, Qaidam Basin, China. The conclusions of this study are based on new data and evidence that suggest the considerable enrichment of Ga-Rb-Cs-REEs and Y in the No. 6 coal of the Iqe Coalfield may be a hidden treasure with yet-to-be-realized additional economic potential, if such rare metal enrichment is proven across the whole area of Iqe Coalfield.The No. 6 Coal is enriched in Al2O3, SiO2, Na2O, MgO, P2O5, K2O, TiO2, Rb, Cs, Ga, Sc, V, Cr, Cu, Ba, W, Pb, Th, and REY, especially in Ga, Rb, Cs and H-REY, compared to world coals. The average contents of Ga, Cs, Rb, and REY are 3.1, 12.3, 6.0 and 3.5 times higher than those of world bituminous coals, respectively. Ga may occur in clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite), particularly in K-rich clay minerals (e.g., illite), which are thought to be derived from the Qilian Mountain Range. These minerals are probably the hosting phases for both Rb and Cs in the coal studied. REEs and Y in the coal are more likely to be associated with phosphates. The combustion products (e.g., fly and bottom ash) derived from those coals may be further enriched in these valuable rare metals and have economic potential in terms of the recovery of Ga, Rb, Cs, REEs and Y, providing additional economic value to this coal deposit.

Economic potential for conversion to organic farming: a net present value analysis in the East Mau Catchment, Nakuru, Kenya

This paper discusses the economic potential in terms of income changes that may result from conversion to low-external-input agriculture (LEIA) organic farming in a Kenya’s catchment area. A spreadsheet model applying the gross margin and net present value analysis was developed to estimate economic returns to labour and land of alternative smallholder cropping systems in the East Mau Catchment. The income and costs over a 10-year horizon associated with current cropping practices of a typical farm household cultivating 1.12 hectares of maize–bean intercrop, Irish potato, carrots, tomatoes, cabbages and kales mix were characterized based on field work conducted in 2008–2010. An “average” smallholder LEIA organic farm was simulated based on the conventional one, and its income discounted. A comparison was then made of the two farm types. Results indicate annual net present value returns to cropped land average Ksh 21,878/ha ($ 267/ha) and Kshs 22,561/ha (€ 275/ha) in 2010 values for conventional and prototype LEIA organic farming systems, respectively. Net returns are particularly sensitive to crop yields and price and cost of fertilizers and seeds. Further efforts should be made to provide an economic analysis of other LEIA organic farming practices such as composting, double digging and agroforestry in terms of additional labour costs resultant. The model can be extended to build more scenarios on the role of price premiums. Additionally, further research should be done to exploit the socio-demographic factors affecting the adoption of low-external-input systems.

Investigation of recovery possibilities of rutile minerals from the feldspar tailings with gravity separation methods

In feldspar processing, flotation beneficiation tailings that containing high ratio of titanium minerals emerge at a considerable amount as a result of beneficiation of feldspar reserves with high TiO2 content due to required specifications by global feldspar market. Recovery of titanium minerals from these tailings which can be evaluated as alternative TiO2 resources is an important research topic as they have an important economic potential in terms of unexploited values. Within the scope of this study tailing samples have been taken from a privately owned flotation facility which is operating in Mugla Turkey in order to characterization and investigation of recovery possibilities of titanium minerals from feldspar tailings. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization studies and laboratory scaled beneficiation tests with gravity methods have been conducted on these samples. Effects of some parameters on efficiency of beneficiation have been investigated within the scope of beneficiation tests carried out with shaking table and multi gravity separator. As a result of characterization studies, it was determined that feed sample contains TiO2 at the rate of 1.90% and TiO2 content is associated to rutile mineral to a large extent. As a result of beneficiation tests; a concentrate that containing 11.26% TiO2 with a 50.43% rate of recovery were obtained in the shaking table tests and a concentrate that containing 17.11% TiO2 with a 89.33% rate of recovery were obtained in the MGS tests by using optimum conditions. In consideration of results obtained it is presented that gravity methods are able to be used as method of a pre-beneficiation in the recovery of titanium minerals from feldspar tailings.