Terms Of Clarification Research Articles

ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL DICTAMEN DE AUTOPSIA MÉDICO-FORENSE EN LA MORGUE JUDICIAL LA PAZ BOLIVIA

Listing clearly the basic components of an autopsy, in the form of a checklist, will enable technical procedures to adequately address forensic medical autopsy findings in those cases where the cause of death is under study or is unclear, in situations such as a traffic accident, falls, or other traumas of various or non-specific origins. In this sense, the present investigation focus on forensic autopsy reports, based on a comparison between the current forensic medical reports carried out in La Paz-Bolivia and the forensic medical reports used internationally such as the Minnesota Protocol and the Medical Autopsy Protocol of Veracruz-Mexico. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive investigation and a documental research methodology, we proceeded to collect reports from the judicial morgue of La Paz-Bolivia and the Forensic Investigation Service of Veracruz -Mexico. Based on this documentation, a bibliographic-analytical matrix was elaborated, from which the authors concluded that the main deficiency of the judicial morgue of La Paz-Bolivia is that it does not have a standardized Protocol to carry out the forensic medical autopsy reports. Therefore, an update of the forensic autopsy report was proposed along with a forensic medical autopsy protocol that serves as a reference to improve the professional service and therefore of the entire judicial morgue of La Paz-Bolivia in terms of clarification of a death. Keywords: Report, Update, Forensic Medical Autopsy, Protocol.

Determination of Risk Factors Caused By Ships in Port Planning

World Economy has been globalizing faster then ever as a result of the technological evolution. Increase of global trade brings the need of higher transportation capacity as bigger ships and port facilities. Port construction and expansion investments can be said to be supply to meet demand. Maritime safety is one of the factors affecting the zoning plan approval process in the port construction and extension investments. These factors mostly caused by the ship maneuver. One of the most widely used models is the Environmental Stress (ES) Model in risk assessment of navigation and ship maneuver. ES Model measures the risk occurring around the ship during the berthing / unberthing maneuvers performed in the simulation environment with the ports and ships that are modeled similar to the port project. But, it is not certain which parameter of the port project will be revised such as ship tonnageand length of the ship, port form and size etc. The main benefit of this study is taking precaution with measuring risk by specifying the risk factors and their weights using both ES Model and fuzzy logic method. Thus, the development plan and project evaluation process, which is under the duty and responsibility of the Turkish Ministry of Transport, will be carried out in terms of safety with the method proposed in this study. Another important contribution of this study is its originalty in terms of clarification of raw outputs of ES model reports by using fuzzy logic method in scientific literature. So, the revised port project will be realized by providing maritime safety. While port projects are approved by the Ministry of Transport within the scope of the legislation that determines the port planning process in question, the evaluation of Modeling Reports with fuzzy logic method will contribute to both fast and safe project design process.

Ultra scale-down approaches to study the centrifugal harvest for viral vaccine production.

Large scale continuous cell-line cultures promise greater reproducibility and efficacy for the production of influenza vaccines, and adenovirus for gene therapy. This paper seeks to use an existing validated ultra scale-down tool, which is designed to mimic the commercial scale process environment using only milliliters of material, to provide some initial insight into the performance of the harvest step for these processes. The performance of industrial scale centrifugation and subsequent downstream process units is significantly affected by shear. The properties of these cells, in particular their shear sensitivity, may be changed considerably by production of a viral product, but literature on this is limited to date. In addition, the scale-down tool used here has not previously been applied to the clarification of virus production processes. The results indicate that virus infected cells do not actually show any increase in sensitivity to shear, and may indeed become less shear sensitive, in a similar manner to that previously observed in old or dead cell cultures. Clarification may be most significantly dependent on the virus release mechanism, with the budding influenza virus producing a much greater decrease in clarification than the lytic, non-enveloped adenovirus. A good match was also demonstrated to the industrial scale performance in terms of clarification, protein release, and impurity profile.

Clarification of apple juice using activated sepiolite as a new fining clay

AbstractThe function of acid-activated sepiolite clay was evaluated for use in the clarification of apple juice. Optimizing the clarification process was done using response surface methodology (RSM) considering juice turbidity as a response. The efficiency of sepiolite in terms of clarification was compared to that of bentonite and a combination of these fining agents with gelatin and silica gel at optimal conditions. The conditions of 0.05% clay concentration at a temperature of 50°C for 7 h were deemed optimal in terms of juice clarification. The present results showed that treatment of sepiolitegelatin-silica gel was the most active fining agent with 99.7% reduction in apple-juice turbidity. The rate of turbidity, the viscosity, the total phenolic contents and the colour changes were fitted to first-, zero-, first- and zero-order kinetic models, respectively.

Presently available biosimilars in hematology-oncology: G-CSF

Biopharmaceuticals were copies of endogenous human proteins developed in the mid-1990s that were characterized by complex three-dimensional, high-molecular weight compounds. What made them unique was that contrary to classical chemotherapeutical drugs, they were manufactured by living cells. One of these biopharmaceuticals was granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Once their patent expired, generic versions appeared in pharmacies. They are now called biosimilars. There are several biosimilar G-CSFs approved in Europe: Biograstim®/Filgrastim ratiopharm/Ratiograstim®/Tevagrastim® (XM02); Zarzio® and Nivestim®. All these new products are manufactured in facilities with state-of-the-art technology. All products have passed the regulatory requirements for approval, mainly phase I and phase III, with the consequent PD/PK evaluations and studies on efficacy and safety. However, there are still some concerns regarding their long-term evaluation, in particular, the limited experience at the time of approval of these products in terms of efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. For this reason, pharmacovigilance should be rigorous. A lot of work remains to be done in terms of clarification with regard to substituting a biosimilar G-CSF for the innovator product and, finally, information must be provided to physicians, pharmacists and patients to allow for proper decision-making. Ultimately, only clinical trials and effective post-marketing pharmacovigilance will provide definitive evidence that a biosimilar is comparable to the originator-reference product in terms of efficacy and safety.

Presently available biosimilars in hematology-oncology — Part II: G-CSF

Biopharmaceuticals were copies of endogenous human proteins developed in the mid-nineties that were characterized by complex three-dimensional, high-molecularweight compounds. What made them unique was that contrary to classical chemotherapeutical drugs, they were manufactured by living cells. One of these biopharmaceuticals was granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Once their patent expired, generic versions appeared in pharmacies. They are now called biosimilars. There are several biosimilar G-CSFs approved in Europe: Biograstim/Filgrastim ratiopharm/Ratiograstim/Tevagrastim (XM02); Zarzio and Nivestim. All these new products are manufactured in facilities with state-of-the-art technology. All products have passed the regulatory requirements for approval, mainly Phase I and Phase III, with the consequent PD/PK evaluations and studies on efficacy and safety. However, there are still someconcerns regarding their long-term evaluation, in particular, the limited experience at the time of approval of these products in terms of efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. For this reason, pharmacovigilance should be rigorous. A lot of work remains to be done in terms of clarification with regard to substituting a biosimilar G-CSF for the innovator product and, finally, information must be provided to physicians, pharmacists and patients to allow for proper decision making. Ultimately, only clinical trials and effective post-marketing pharmacovigilance will provide definitive evidence that a biosimilar is comparable to the originator-reference product in terms of efficacy and safety.

Psychological Model for Presymptomatic Test Interviews: Lessons Learned from Huntington Disease.

This paper reflects on experience gained from presymptomatic testing for Huntington disease. An approach is presented which considers the role of the clinician and aims of the interview. Irrespective of the disease being tested for, it is suggested that the psychological aim of presymptomatic testing is to foster emotional insight and understanding that will help clients in their decision-making process about testing and their subsequent adjustment to the result. Based on these aims the process of presymptomatic testing, counseling is considered in terms of clarification, consideration, education, and reflection, followed by decision making. Practical approaches are discussed and illustrated with clinical examples.

Learning from change: the mentoring triangle

Studies of relationships in the encounters of initial teacher education have tended to focus on pairs of actors — the higher education (HE) tutor and the student; the school‐based tutor and the student. This article looks at the occasion, formalised in the new partnership arrangements, when HE tutor and student meet to discuss issues of common concern. It identifies some benefits, in terms of clarification of role and responsibility, of the present definition of partnership. In the first year of the scheme it is apparent that the class teachers responsible for the mentoring of student teachers have a greater sense of ownership of the process and are more confident in their position vis a vis the higher education tutor. The higher education tutor finds that within a tighter specification of tasks, a distinctive contribution is recognised and respected. The student teacher's position and status in the triangle of relationships is the one that needs some further clarification, especially in relation to the interim and final judgements of competence.

Searching for an Audience: The Historical Profession in the Media Age - A Comment on Arthur Marwick and Hayden White

The exchange of arguments between Arthur Marwick and Hayden White, published in recent issues of this Journal, is certainly not remarkable for having introduced new perspectives into the debate about the relationship between academic historiographical practice, postmodern theory, and the possibility or threat of a vaguely conceived postmodern historiography. During the two decades that historians and critics have discussed these issues, little progress in terms of clarification and mutual enlightenment has been made. Most of the exchanges are noteworthy for their polemics and imprecise terminology, in the present case as pronounced as ever.' Obviously, any short interjection cannot displace these frustrating continuities of twenty years. Nevertheless, I would like to offer a new perspective on one of the issues under debate, a perspective which leads away from the history/fiction dichotomy and its discursive focus and raises the question of the representation of the past in different media.