Terms Of Budget Research Articles

The topology-conditioned turbulence kinetic energy budget

The paper reports on the conditionally averaged turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget, where the conditioning is based on the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor. Three different datasets are utilized for this analysis. The particular terms of the budget are presented in the (R, Q) plane, showcasing a striking similarity (both quantitative and qualitative) among the results from each dataset. The importance of conditional averages for the overall variance of the specific terms of the TKE budget is also evaluated. Subsequently, the budgets are presented along conditional mean trajectories (CMTs), revealing the dynamics of the TKE budget associated with the evolution of local flow topology. Results obtained for different CMTs approximately collapse when suitably normalized (at least for certain parts of the trajectories). The conditional budget is clearly dominated by inertial and pressure transport terms, indicative of a “sweeping” effect.

Large-eddy simulation of shock train in convergent-divergent nozzles with isothermal walls

ABSTRACT High-order accurate Large-eddy simulations (LES) have been carried out for compressible, turbulent flow through two bell-shaped convergent-divergent nozzles- one with a short divergent portion and the other with a longer one. An explicit filtering approach based on approximate deconvolution method is used for the LES. The nozzles have isothermal walls and circular cross-sections. The incoming flow is a turbulent, subsonic fully developed pipe flow at centreline Mach number of around 0.4 and friction Reynolds number 216. An adaptive filter is used to capture the shocks appearing in the divergent portion of the nozzles. The complicated behaviour of the mean flow, Reynolds stresses, production and pressure-strain terms of the axial Reynolds stress budget in the shock train region is shown. The broadband nature of the shock train oscillations having multiple dominant frequencies in these nozzles is observed in the present LES.

The Common Agricultural and Food Policy of the European Union: An Assessment of its Framework, Stages and Regulations

Agriculture (production) and food (consumption) are two important political fields that affect each other and have direct links. Agriculture and food, which have a vital function in human life, affect many areas, especially the economy of farmers and people and are interrelated. Therefore, the Common Agricultural and Food Policy is one of the most important common policy areas for the European Union, both in terms of budget and other common policies. The importance of this common policy increases especially for the smooth and smooth functioning of the common market. In this context, this study investigates the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community of the European Union and the Common Agricultural Policy established in line with the Treaty's objective of establishing a common market. Under the influence of global and regional events, state and non-state actors have protectionist and revisionist tendencies in some political areas. The European Union, which is an important non-state actor in the international system in global and regional areas, has made protectionist-centered revisions in some political areas due to both its internal dynamics and the global and regional events in the system. One of the political areas in which the European Union has made revisions is the Common Agricultural Policy. The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union has been updated in line with its needs, especially regarding food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to zero.

Designathons in health research: a global systematic review

IntroductionA designathon is a three-stage participatory activity informed by design thinking. There is a growing literature on designathons in health. This study synthesised designathons’ effectiveness and implementation-related factors to address...

Antagonistic identity discourses in career transitions: an autoethnographic study in higher education

ABSTRACT Using an analytical-interpretative autoethnographic account of my move from a professional staff manager to an academic manager in a university, I highlight how career transitions can result in othering due to the academic’ professional divide, the strength of academic identity in disciplines and the continued role of women being in positions of power. This othering may lead to imposter syndrome and antagonistic identity discourses, which may have negative psychological effects on individuals. Second, I argue that this othering impacts on meritocratic leadership appointments, as a whole cohort of highly effective professional ‘non-academic’ leaders are effectively excluded from the most senior roles in a university; women are also clearly lacking in proportional representation at the highest levels in universities. I also argue that academic leadership development is immature and not currently adequately preparing academic staff for leading large teams, in terms of budget and staff, and highly complex institutions with real-world political and economic pressures. In conclusion, I show how an autoethnographic study has helped my own career identity transition by working out these tensions to develop insights and negotiate in-between identities.

Looking back to move forward: Creating a blueprint for success for nurse scientists in the Veterans Health Administration

AimThe purpose of this manuscript is to report the findings of a qualitative content analysis of interviews with VA Nurse Scientists about work life experiences, barriers, and facilitators across the enterprise. BackgroundThe VA enterprise is widely variable in terms of size, services, research activity, and budget. For this reason, the roles of nurses with a research-focused doctorate are also quite diverse. MethodsWe purposively sampled 18 PhD prepared Nurse Scientists based on a variety geographic locations, titles, and years in the field and who conduct research. We conducted semi-structured interviews over the virtual platform, WebEx. Interviews, averaging 1 h in length, were conducted between April and May 2021. We analyzed interviews using deductive and inductive content analysis. ResultsWe found five key factors affecting VA Nurse Scientists. Each factor emerged as an important issue influencing whether Nurse Scientists reported being successful, supported, and productive in their research. These include having: 1) mentorship, 2) supportive leadership 3) available resources, 4) respect and understanding from clinical and research colleagues who understand a Nurse Scientist's role in research, and 5) a career pathway. ConclusionsVA Nurse Scientists are leaders and innovators who generate evidence to improve health outcomes and promote equity in health and health care of Veterans, their families, and caregivers. Results from this project suggest that many Nurse Scientists need additional mentorship, resources, and networks to advance their development, increase their funding success, and maximize the impact of their role, ultimately enhancing care of Veterans and their families.

Infrastructure Facilities of the Community Protection Unit in the Implementation of Community Order and Peace in North Minahasa Regency

The focus of the researcher's problem is the Infrastructure Facilities of the Community Protection Unit in the Implementation of public order and tranquility in Airmadidi District. The method used in this research is to use a qualitative approach. The results showed that the infrastructure of the community protection unit through indicators of main task descriptions and functions, forms of support and stakeholder involvement had been carried out well, although in terms of budget it was still lacking and structuring the system of sharing authority in the source of funds for infrastructure facilities in each SKPD related to community protection unit facilities and infrastructure.

Impacts of tropical cyclones on the global water budget

Tropical cyclones (TCs) require substantial amounts of moisture for their genesis and development, acting as important moisture drivers from the ocean to land and from tropical to subtropical and extratropical regions. Quantifying anomalous moisture transport related to TCs is crucial for understanding long-term TC-induced changes in the global hydrological cycle. Our results highlight that, in terms of the global water budget, TCs enhance moisture transport from evaporative regions and precipitation over sink regions, leading to predominantly anomalous positive surface freshwater flux areas over the tropics and more regionally concentrated negative areas over the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Furthermore, we detected seasonal variability in the impact of TC on the hydrological cycle, which is closely related to the annual and seasonal TC frequency. Our analysis also revealed a global statistically significant drop (~40 mm year−1) in TC-induced surface freshwater fluxes from 1980 to 2018 in response to the increasing sea surface temperature and slightly decrease in global TC frequency and lifetime in the last two decades. These findings have important implications for predicting the impacts of TCs on the hydrological cycle under global warming conditions.

Nanoakışkanların Isıl Sistemlerde Enerji Verimliliğine Etkisi: Deneysel Verilerin Isıl ve Hidrodinamik Performans Ölçütleri ile Değerlendirilmesi

The energy efficiency of heat exchangers has become crucial in industrial applications due to ever-increasing energy costs. Therefore, various methods have been developed to enhance heat transfer and accelerate the process (shortening the time), reduce the size of heat exchangers, and increase energy (fuel) efficiency. In recent years, researchers have recommended nanofluid suspensions in place of common heat transfer fluids to improve energy efficiency. Nanofluid suspensions are obtained by adding nanometer-sized particles (less than 100 nm in at least one dimension) to heat transfer fluids. This study focused on experimental data in the literature to investigate the effects of nanofluids on transferred thermal power and required pumping power in heat exchangers. The relationship between the transferred thermal power and the pumping power was defined by two different performance criteria (Performance Evaluation Criterion-PEC and Energy Efficiency Criterion-EEC), allowing us to scrutinize the effects of nanofluids in thermal systems on energy efficiency (energy consumption) from a more realistic perspective. The results show that nanofluids are more disadvantageous than conventional heat transfer fluids in terms of the energy budget in industrial applications. It is concluded that nanofluids can be used in special applications where those disadvantages are insignificant.

Pengaruh Infrastruktur SDN Mulyajaya 1 Karawang terhadap Pembelajaran Siswa

Equitable development is one of the pillars that lead to a golden Indonesia 2045. Equitable development in the aspect of education is the main key for a country to excel in global competition. Education is considered the most strategic field for realizing national welfare. Therefore, students' comfort in learning and ease of access to education must be guaranteed because this is the first step in helping to realize national welfare. Many factors can affect a student's learning outcomes, one of which is inadequate infrastructure. This research aims to explore the influence of infrastructure on student learning continuity. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data was collected using interview and observation techniques. The results show that infrastructure is indeed proven to affect student learning outcomes and in realizing equitable development in this aspect of education there are still challenges that continue to arise, such as lack of funding. Therefore, this study recommends that the central government can focus the state budget in terms of education budget to equalize access to education in Indonesia and realize the creation of national welfare and a superior golden generation.

Beam test of a 180 nm CMOS Pixel Sensor for the CEPC vertex detector

The proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) imposes new challenges for the vertex detector in terms of pixel size and material budget. A Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) prototype called TaichuPix, based on a column drain readout architecture, has been developed to address the need for high spatial resolution. In order to evaluate the performance of the TaichuPix-3 chips, a beam test was carried out at DESY II TB21 in December 2022. Meanwhile, the Data Acquisition (DAQ) for a multi-plane configuration was tested during the beam test. This work presents the characterization of the TaichuPix-3 chips with two different processes, including cluster size, spatial resolution, and detection efficiency. The analysis results indicate the spatial resolution better than 5µm and the detection efficiency exceeding 99.5% for TaichuPix-3 chips with the two different processes.

Swarm of lightsail nanosatellites for Solar System exploration

This paper presents a study for the realization of a space mission which employs nanosatellites driven by an external laser source impinging on an optimized lightsail, as a valuable technology to launch swarms of spacecrafts into the Solar System. Nanosatellites propelled by laser can be useful for heliosphere exploration and for planetary observation, if suitably equipped with sensors, or be adopted for the establishment of network systems when placed into specific orbits. By varying the area-to-mass ratio (i.e. the ratio between the sail area and the payload weight) and the laser power, it is possible to insert nanosatellites into different hyperbolic orbits with respect to Earth, thus reaching the target by means of controlled trajectories in a relatively short amount of time. A mission involving nanosatellites of the order of 1 kg of mass is envisioned, by describing all the on-board subsystems and satisfying all the requirements in terms of power and mass budget. Particular attention is paid to the telecommunication subsystem, which must offer all the necessary functionalities. To fabricate the lightsail, the thin films technology has been considered, by verifying the sail’s thermal stability during the thrust phase. Moreover, the problem of mechanical stability of the lightsail has been tackled, showing that the distance between the ligthsail structure and the payload plays a pivotal role. Some potential applications of the proposed technology are discussed, such as the mapping of the heliospheric environment.

Implementation of Manokwari Regency DPRD Duties Regarding Supervision of Regional Government Performance Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government

Law no. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government provides a legal basis for the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in supervising the performance of regional government. The Manokwari DPRD, as one of the legislative institutions at the regional level, has an important role in carrying out this supervisory task. This research aims to examine the implementation of the Manokwari DPRD's duties in monitoring regional government performance based on Law no. 23 of 2014. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained through interviews with members of the Manokwari DPRD, document analysis, and direct observation of the Manokwari DPRD's work processes related to monitoring regional government performance. The research results show that the Manokwari DPRD has carried out its supervisory duties in accordance with the provisions of Law no. 23 of 2014. They supervise regional government performance through a number of mechanisms, such as commission meetings, plenary meetings, and examination of regional heads' accountability reports. They also play an active role in monitoring the use of regional budgets and evaluating regional government programs. However, there are several challenges in carrying out the supervisory duties of the Manokwari DPRD. One of them is limited resources, both in terms of manpower and budget. Apart from that, sometimes there are political obstacles that affect the independence of the DPRD in carrying out its supervisory function. Some DPRD members also face obstacles in accessing information needed for supervision. In the context of monitoring regional government performance, the Manokwari DPRD has great potential to increase accountability and transparency of regional government. To overcome the challenges faced, efforts are needed to strengthen the capacity of DPRD members, increase budget allocations, and ensure DPRD independence in carrying out supervisory duties. Apart from that, good cooperation between the DPRD and regional governments in providing access to the necessary information is also important. In conclusion, the implementation of the Manokwari DPRD's duties in monitoring regional government performance is based on Law no. 23 of 2014 has been running well, although there are still several challenges that need to be overcome. With the right efforts, the Manokwari DPRD can play a more effective role in increasing accountability and transparency of local government and improving the quality of public services for the people of Manokwari.

Implementation of Distribution of Cash Social Assistance Funds for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Subdistricts Lasiana – Kupang City

This research was conducted to find out how the distribution of BST funds was implemented for communities affected by Covid-19 in Lasiana Village and also to find out what the driving and inhibiting factors were in distributing this aid. The data used in this research is primary data and also secondary data, which is then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis methods. The data collection techniques used in this research used interview, observation and documentation techniques using Edward III's policy implementation theory. The results of this research show that the implementation of BST distribution in Lasiana Subdistrict has not been optimal in accordance with the 4 supporting factors in implementation in accordance with Edward's policy theory which consists of communication which is shown by the existence of an appeal to residents in using aid so that they are wise in using aid but also in conveying related information. The schedule and conditions for distribution of aid have not yet reached all residents who receive aid, then the resources are where human resources in terms of quantity are adequate but in terms of quality are still lacking, the aid has been received by residents and in terms of budget it is sufficient for the needs of residents, then the disposition of the distribution of this aid The implementer's attitude is very good in terms of service and ease in the process of collecting aid, and the bureaucracy of the government concerned is not yet fully on target in distributing this aid because it has not updated the population's social data

Community Service Through the Implementation of Islamic Education in Arahan Kidul Village

The development of Islamic education in Indonesia is marked by the emergence of modern Madrasahs as a whole. This was motivated by parents' anxiety due to the lack of appropriate religious instruction for children in formal schools. So to date, the Madrasah Diniyah Educational Institution is still surviving, even though it still receives little attention from the government, both in terms of budget and personnel. Through the thematic KKN team, the service team carries out service in the Indramayu kidul direction. Before implementing the KKN, the service team of KKN participants conducted field observations to see what potential had to be developed and what things the service team of KKN participants had to do in the future. The potential that we can develop is also explored through interviews with the RW Chair, Residents, IRMA and MDTA Chair. Next, we conducted a survey in several places to find out which places we could use as a place to implement the work program that we had prepared. Next, we immediately implemented the work program that we had planned which included: Teaching the Koran for Madrasah children), Mothers' Recitation in the Mosque, Fathers' Recitation in the Mosque, Children's Maghrib Recitation (Tahfidz Guidance) in the Mosque, JUMSIH Activities ( Clean Friday) at the Mosque. This KKN service method uses a qualitative method. After implementing this KKN, the community, especially IRMA, was helped because of the lack of lecturers in the South direction and the lack of Human Resources for JUMSIH activities, and other results obtained were many children who were more fluent in reading Iqro and Al-Quran.

Peran dan Fungsi Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa di Desa Kedaton Kecamatan Kapas Kabupaten Bojonegoro

This research aims to analyze the role and function of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in implementing village governance in Kedaton Village, Kapas District, Bojonegoro Regency. BPD is an institution that has an important role in carrying out village government tasks and representing the interests of the community. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The respondents for this research consisted of members of the BPD, village officials, and the people of Kedaton Village. The research results show that BPD has a significant role and function in implementing village governance. The role of the BPD includes the legislative function, namely producing village regulations through village deliberations. BPD also has a supervisory function over the performance of village officials and the implementation of village development programs. Apart from that, the BPD acts as an intermediary between the community and the village government in overcoming problems and conveying community aspirations. Based on the research results, it is recommended that village and district governments pay more attention to BPD by providing adequate support, both in terms of budget and human resources. Apart from that, it is necessary to provide outreach and education to the community about the role and function of the BPD so that they can better understand the importance of this institution in implementing village governance.

Aligning governance, brand governance and social media strategies for improved organizational performance: a qualitative comparative analysis of national sport organizations

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the potential configurations of governance, brand governance and social media strategies leading to effective organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis including 28 Canadian national sport organizations (NSOs) and six conditions highlighted two sufficient configurations for effective organizational performance, defined as either budget per capita or athlete numbers.FindingsAlthough no single component of governance, brand governance, or social media strategy is necessary to succeed overall, brand reputation and the strategic use of social media to communicate NSO identity were common to both identified configurations. Accountability was important for effective organizational performance in terms of budget per capita, while transparency was more important for higher athlete numbers. Thus, condition specificity is paramount in non-profit organizations that often have multiple objectives.Originality/valueThis study provides substantial theoretical and managerial implications, including the need to integrate brand governance and social media in non-profit organizations' overall governance activities.

Triple‐Dip La Niñas in 1998–2001 and 2020–2023: Impact of Mean State Changes

AbstractThis study compares the evolution of atmospheric and oceanic anomalies as well as predictions for the two most recent triple‐dip La Niña events in 1998–2001 and 2020–2023. Subsurface cooling in the equatorial Pacific was stronger and more persistent during 1998–2001. In contrast, surface easterly winds were stronger during 2020–2023 as was the east‐west sea surface temperature (SST) contrast along the equator. We argue that in the absence of appreciable equatorial Pacific heat discharge, persistent and strong surface trade winds and a strengthened mean zonal SST contrast across the tropical Pacific contributed to the development of the 2020–2023 triple‐dip La Niña. In terms of the subsurface layer heat budget, the growth and maintenance of unusually cold SSTs during the triple‐dip La Niña in 1998–2001 were mainly the result of ocean vertical entrainment and diffusion, as well as meridional advection, associated with enhanced equatorial upwelling; while for the triple‐dip La Niña in 2020–2023, zonal advection was the largest contributor. The two events were mostly well predicted by multi‐model averages at 1–8 months lead times. We hypothesize that mean state change with enhanced zonal SST contrast and trade winds over the last several decades altered the physical processes associated with the growth and maintenance of the most recent La Niña, affecting its predictability. Successful prediction in real‐time of the 2020–2023 event more than half a year in advance was surprising because there was little memory in oceanic heat content which is often considered a key predictor.

Software Projects Crest and Trough in Pakistan: A Management Spectrum

Software industry has become as popular factor in the progress triumph of every country. Software project management techniques are significantly applicable in the development cycle of software projects. Despite that software projects face many tarnished reputations of poor performance in terms of schedule, budget, quality, and many other management and controlling correlated factors. Influencing factors which makes the software project successful are under the prominence of extensive research for more than the 40 years. Still, most of the relevant research in this territory has focused on developing countries with little consideration of less advanced countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the success and failure factors in the Pakistani software environment using Qualitative research analysis approach. For this purpose, almost thirty software houses were targeted from four provinces of Pakistan and collected perception-based data through questionnaires and interviews from related personals. We further elaborate and compare some critical factors from past literatures in this research. Finally, the outcomes and findings showed better management and development aspects for a healthy software project growth in the domain of Pakistan. The importance of this research is to cover both theoretical and practical dimensions of software project management. We have found that proper scheduling, appropriate estimation of cost and time, Agile methodology, RMMM (risk mitigation, monitoring, management) approach, team bonding, team or staff motivational and communication factors significantly affected on successful projects.

The activity and influence of the American Red Cross in Italy during and after World War one (1917–1919)

ABSTRACT During the First World War, the Italian people became familiar with the American khaki uniform not from the presence of combat units, which hardly appeared in Italy, but rather from the American Red Cross (ARC) workers, who arrived immediately after the disastrous rout of Caporetto (October/November 1917). Throughout Italy, they were the most visible representatives of mythical America, its munificence, effectiveness and concern for the common man. Relief for wounded and sick soldiers was but a small part of ARC activity: more than two thirds of its total expenditure was upon civilians. In fact, its greatest mission was to put new heart into all components of Italian society. It was there not only to heal combatants’ wounds, but also to minister to the ‘wounds of the spirit’ of the population, in terms of demoralization, unrest and attraction towards revolutionary violence. Accordingly, it extended its activity over the entire country, from the Alps to the islands, dividing it into 16 districts, each under a Red Cross delegate. At the end of the war, the organization’s staff numbered 949 US employees, along with approximately 1000 Italian workers. In all, more than 7000 cities, towns and villages were reached by Red Cross representatives. Its substantial donations of material aid went to soldiers, hospitals, refugees, orphans and needy families. The Italian campaign was second only to the French in terms of budget and range. Besides emergency work, it comprised long-term projects, such as the construction of a village for refugees near Pisa, nursing schools and strategies for the prevention of tuberculosis, which in effect became pilot projects for European reconstruction and civilian aid in general in peacetime.