Terms Of Appetite Research Articles

A CASE OF ANAPLASMOSIS IN DOG

Anasplasmosis is a disease caused by gram-negative intracellular microorganisms. A Kintamani mix dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints; itching, tick infestation, alopecia and erythema all over the dog's body. A case study has been carried out aiming to detect the presence of Anaplasma sp. infection. in dogs infested with ticks in Denpasar City. The results of the clinical examination showed focal mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth, a weak dog, and Rhiphicephalus Sanguenus tick infestation. Routine hematological examination showed leukocytosis, hypochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia. Blood smear examination showed positive results for the discovery of Anasplasma sp. The blood test with the test kit (E.canis/Anaplasma Ab Test Kit, BioNote, Inc., Republic of Korea) showed positive results for Anasplasma sp. So the case of a dog diagnosed with Anaplasmosis. The treatment used was Doxycycline® (10 mg/kg BW PO) given twice a day for fourteen days, Ivermectin® (0.4 mg/kg BW SC) once a week with twice repetition, and Sangobion® 1/6 tablet per day given for ten days. This treatment gave good results for case dogs in terms of appetite and drinking, animal activity, animals free of ticks and routine hematology results showed no anemia and normal platelet values. To avoid re-infection, it is advisable to eradicate fleas from the environment, isolate animals during therapy, pay attention to good and healthy animal management, and maintain a tick-free environment.

Adolescent obesity: Confessions of the young mind

BackgroundObesity represents a worldwide leading health problem. Although the proportion of adolescent obesity is continuously rising, yet little is known considering adolescent’s opinions regarding this condition. AimTo investigate adolescent’s perceptions in relation to various aspects of obesity in a prospective cohort study. Subjects and methodsThe study population included primary school adolescents, 11–12 years of age. Anthropometric measurements of participants included height and weight. Overweight and obese participants were classified using the International Obesity Task Force criteria. A structured questionnaire assessing physical activity, dietary habits, parental guidance regarding dietary intake and psychological aspects in relation to social functioning, body weight and image was completed by each adolescent. ResultsThree hundred and thirty-five adolescents (181 boys) formed the study group. Obese participants were found to have significantly fewer friends (p = .050) and preferred indoor sedentary activities (p = .041). No differences were observed within the groups when questioned about their eating habits in terms of appetite and hunger. The majority of participants reported frequent consumption of homemade snacks in school resulting in no significant difference within the groups. Finally, body weight satisfaction was recorded for only 5.66% of the obese children, 25.66% and 68.64% of overweight and normal-weight participants respectively. ConclusionsOur findings support the notion that adolescents are perfectly capable of expressing their opinions. When planning interventional programs for the management of adolescent obesity their views should be strongly considered.

Effect of One Unit Blood Donation on Appetite-Related Biomarkers

It is commonly reported that blood donation (BD) leads to an increase in appetite. To investigate this claim, a questionnaire was offered to 306 people who had a history of BD at least once in their life. Following a positive outcome from the questionnaire, we further investigated the impact of BD on appetite. The questionnaire study consists of a 5-question survey with VAS was performed on 399 volunteers. Later, 108 volunteers were enrolled in a laboratory study. Blood samples were withdrawn before and after BD. Leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) levels were measured by ELISA kits. VAS assessment was also performed on all participants before and after BD. There was a significant decrease in the level of leptin but the levels of ghrelin, NPY and α-MSH were unchanged. A significant change in VAS value in terms of appetite was also observed. The elevation of appetite after BD is predominantly psychological. Hormonal changes may contribute to the control of hypothalamic hunger and satiety centers.

Accuracy and Tolerability of the Bravo Catheter‐free pH Capsule in Patients Between the Ages of 4 and 18 Years

The aim of this study was to determine if the Bravo pH capsule is comparable to the nasally placed pH catheter in terms of pH-metry, safety, and tolerability in children. Ten patients each in the age ranges of 4 to 6 years, 7 to 10 years, and >10 years were tested simultaneously with the catheter and the capsule. Six each were tested with the catheter alone or the capsule alone. Subjects recorded adverse events and graded tolerance (in terms of activity, appetite, and satisfaction) on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 indicating that the device was well tolerated. A 24-hour reflux index and 24- and 48-hour reflux indices were generated from the catheter and capsule, respectively. Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used to compare reflux index, tolerability, and adverse events between the catheter and capsule. Sixty-six patients 4 to 16 years of age (mean, 9.4 years) were enrolled. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean reflux indices (RIs) obtained simultaneously with the catheter and capsule in all patients combined on day 1 (P = 0.0665). There was a significant difference between day 2 and days 1 and 2 combined with the capsule versus the catheter (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0107); however, a discordant result of normal RI on day 1 and pathological RI on day 2 was seen in only 1 patient. The capsule was better tolerated than the catheter in terms of appetite (P = 0.029), activity (P = 0.001), and satisfaction (P = 0.003). There were no significant complications. The Bravo pH capsule was as accurate and safe and better tolerated than the conventional pH catheter in children 4 years of age and older.

Early influences on human energy regulation: Thrifty genotypes and thrifty phenotypes

Early influences on human ingestive behavior and other aspects of energy homeostasis can be defined according to two very different time scales: the evolutionary time frame responsible for selection of behavioral and metabolic traits embedded within the genome; and the life-course time frame responsible for setting the phenotype. Evolutionary influences: Famine has been a constant threat to human survival leading to the selection of thrifty genes. Thriftiness can take many forms: metabolic (an ‘energy-sparing’ super-efficient metabolism); adipogenic (a propensity to rapid fat gain); physiologic (an ability to switch off non-essential processes); gluttony (a tendency to gorge when food is available); sloth (a tendency to conserve energy through inactivity); or behavioral (hoarding, meanness, theft, etc). Life-course influences: The nutritional environment of the early embryo can have a major impact on its survival, and its immediate and later physiology. Subsequently, the fetus is sensitive to its nutrient supply that in turn is affected by maternal fuel supply and by the constraints of the utero-placental unit. Adaptive plasticity also continues through infancy. Ingestive behavior in terms of appetite and satiety could theoretically be affected by some of these metabolic adaptations. This paper will describe the key elements of the thrifty genotype and phenotype and review the evidence base relating these early effects to differences in ingestive behavior.