Plant extracts and constituents are better larvicides than the synthetic ones, as they are biodegradable, had low induction of resistance and mammalian toxicity, and comparable activities to the standard drugs. Traditionally, the use of larvicides in the control of vector-borne diseases is unknown. Hence, ethnomedical claims could not assist in sourcing plants that could be phytochemically investigated for their larvicidal constituents. However, there are ethnomedical reports of termite resistance, antimalarial and febrifuge usage. Therefore, methanolic extracts of thirty-six plants, selected based on these claims, were evaluated for activities against 4th-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with the aim of assessing these claims as factors that could be used in sourcing plant larvicides. Sixty-one percent of these plants were significantly active, confirming the usefulness of these properties in choosing plant larvicides. This is the first report of larvicidal activities of the stem barks and leaves of Blighia sapida Koenig. (Sapindaceae) and Baphia nitida Lodd. (Papilionaceae), leaf and stem of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae), stem barks of Artocarpus altilis Forsberg (Moraceae), Markhamia tomentosa K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae) and Newboldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seem (Bignoniaceae), whole plant of Euphorbia macrophylla Pax (Euporbiaceae), and Landolphia owariensis P. Beuav. (Apocynaceae) leaf. Extracts of Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae) and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (Annonaceae) seeds, B. sapida stem bark and Costus specious (Retz.) Koenig. (Costaceae) root, with LC50 0.01, 0.85, 1.49, 1.71 and 1.47 mg/ml at 48h, respectively, were the most active, with comparable (p > 0.05) or significantly (p < 0.05) better activities than Endosulphan (LC50 0.93 mg/ml at 48h). Hence, they may be used as plant larvicides in the control of dengue and yellow fevers while their investigations may give new larvicidal templates.