Evolution Of Terminology Research Articles

Il matrimonio e la famiglia nel Codice civile italiano: un'analisi contrastiva dei termini e delle espressioni del C.C. del 1942 e del C.C. aggiornato nel 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyse the image of the family in the Italian Civil Code. This study is carried out from a linguistic point of view. Passages on the family will be analysed in order to present the roles of the man and woman in marriage. The terminological evolution will be shown by comparing the 1942 Code and the 2022 Code. The aim of the study is to point out how the analysis of a legal text can contribute to a better understanding of a country's culture.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE RESEARCH OF UKRAINIAN LINGUISTS

The purpose of this review article is to systematize the results of scientific research by Ukrainian linguists devoted to the study of English biotechnological terminology. Biotechnology, as an important field of scientific research and technological development, is developing extremely fast, which requires constant updating and expansion of lexical and terminological bases. Ukrainian linguists analyze the origin and structure of biotechnological terms, classification and evolution of terminology in this field. Aspects of neologization and innovation in the terminology of biotechnology are also considered. The article notes the achieved results of Ukrainian linguists in the study of the origin, semantic and morphological analyzes of terms. It is emphasized that Ukrainian researchers are actively working on the systematization and classification of terminology, as well as researching the specifics of the formation and structure of biotechnological terms. The author identifies problems that require further research. First, the biotech industry continues to grow and evolve, resulting in new terms and concepts. This dynamic requires constant updating and expansion of terminological bases. Some aspects of the semantic nuances of the terms may also require further clarification and analysis. Secondly, an important task is to study the translation of biotechnological terminology and its adaptation to the Ukrainian language. Translation of terms and expressions sometimes requires the creation of new analogues that would reflect the essence of biotechnological processes and concepts. This can be a difficult task due to the specifics of the industry and the ambiguity of some terms. In general, the study of biotechnological terminology is an important element in the development of scientific research and education in Ukraine. The integration of Ukrainian science and education into the global scientific space requires the understanding and use of current terminology, which promotes effective communication and knowledge exchange in this important field. It was emphasized that the further development of biotechnology and the study of its terminology is an important task for scientific research and education in Ukraine, which contributes to the integration of Ukrainian science and education into the global scientific space.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE BORROWINGS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The article deals with the problem of linguistic borrowings in the English terminology of biotechnology. The purpose of the research is the analysis of borrowings in the biotechnological terminology of the English language and the identification of their main sources, determined by both historical and scientific events in the development of society. The material of the study was a sample consisting of terminological units of the modern English language related to the field of biotechnology, selected from specialized dictionaries, scientific works on the problems of biotechnology, Internet sites dedicated to the creation and production of new modified organisms and products. The article is aimed at researching the etymological and linguistic aspects of borrowed terms, analyzing their origin and adaptation in the field of biotechnology. The etymological analysis highlights those sources that participated in both the formation and development of the modern biotechnological vocabulary of the English language. The study determined that the borrowed terminological units of the English terminology of the field of biotechnology consist of the Greek-Latin, French and German borrowings. The article examines the influence of classical languages, in particular Latin and Greek, on the formation of biotechnological terminology. It is noted that the Greek and Latin languages are considered the main sources of enrichment of the biotechnological terminology. The analysis focuses on the origin, evolution and assimilation of biotechnological terms into the English language. In addition, the paper examines the impact of these borrowings on the relationship between scientific innovation and language evolution. The results of this study expand our understanding of the evolution of biotechnological terminology and the processes of linguistic adaptation and interaction between linguistic and scientific environments in modern biotechnological research.

Rural tourism and agritourism in Poland – development processes and evolution of terminology

The paper describes the evolution of rural tourism and agritourism in Poland and presents the terms which define tourism in rural areas. First, the terms used over three historical periods in Poland are discussed: interwar, socialist and post-socialist. In this part, the long tradition of recreation in the Polish countryside and how it developed differently from West European countries is presented. Following that, the concept of Polish agritourism exogeneity is explained, seen in the way it was introduced and popularised at the time of political and economic transformations. In contrast to the evolutionary process of agritourism development in West European countries, the revolutionary origins of agritourism in Poland were the foundation of a hierarchy of terms defining tourism as connected with the countryside and farming.

Untangling the evolution of body-part terminology in Pano: conservative versus innovative traits in body-part lexicalization.

Although language-family specific traits which do not find direct counterparts outside a given language family are usually ignored in quantitative phylogenetic studies, scholars have made ample use of them in qualitative investigations, revealing their potential for identifying language relationships. An example of such a family specific trait are body-part expressions in Pano languages, which are often lexicalized forms, composed of bound roots (also called body-part prefixes in the literature) and non-productive derivative morphemes (called here body-part formatives). We use various statistical methods to demonstrate that whereas body-part roots are generally conservative, body-part formatives exhibit diverse chronologies and are often the result of recent and parallel innovations. In line with this, the phylogenetic structure of body-part roots projects the major branches of the family, while formatives are highly non-tree-like. Beyond its contribution to the phylogenetic analysis of Pano languages, this study provides significative insights into the role of grammatical innovations for language classification, the origin of morphological complexity in the Amazon and the phylogenetic signal of specific grammatical traits in language families.

Restrictions on Grain Exports During COVID-19: Features and Solutions

The world export of agricultural and of food products has been a relevant topic at all times, because it regulated the issue of economic and social development of many countries. However, this issue became even more urgent after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the situation in this sector got very complicated. The aim of the study is to look at the features of grain export restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they can be addressed. The socio-economic method was applied to compare the economy with the market and take into account the multiplicity of economic behaviour. Using the functional method, the theoretical foundations of functional economics were established, focusing on the evolution of terminology to denote certain combinations of restrictions on the export of grain products and services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of institutional analysis was used to assess the quality of the institutional basis of the economy and political structures. It was determined that changes in the trade sphere stimulated the development of production in deficit areas. It was defined that the removal of tariff barriers to trade could be useful in overcoming the crisis caused by the pandemic and also an efficient link to reducing the costs of international trade. Another conclusion is that it is worth preserving access to food, rather than restricting exports in countries where people may suffer from hunger. The practical relevance lies in identifying the features of appropriate restrictions on grain exports during a pandemic and highlighting the main ways in which this problem can be addressed

Эволюция взглядов на этиологию и патогенез симптомов нижних мочевыводящих путей у мужчин

The review article in the format of a "Lecture for Doctors" examines the evolution of terminology reflecting various disorders of urination and understanding their etiology and pathogenesis from a methodological and historical point of view. Symptoms of the lower urinary tract (LUTS) is a new term that replaced the term "Dysuria" that previously existed in the literature and suggests the allocation of various groups of symptoms depending on the violation of key functions of the bladder, which greatly facilitates obtaining reliable information about the state of urination in a particular patient. However, for a long time, LUTS were identified exclusively with urological pathology. Thanks to the fundamental research of recent decades, it has become obvious that LUTS is an interdisciplinary problem involving various specialists in the process of diagnosis and correction. One of the current trends in the study of the urination pathophysiology is the influence of systemic hormonal and metabolic disorders in men, which are considered as independent factors of the LUTS. The role of testosterone deficiency in the pathogenesis of LUTS is highlighted and the safety and effectiveness of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in hypogonadal men with LUTS is shown.

The concept of recommendatory bibliography in the works by E. K. Bespalova within the context of modern library and information sciences

The authors discuss the scientific legacy of Professor Emilia Konstantinonva Bespalova (1930–2007), prominent figure in the library and information sphere, Doctor of Science in Pedagogy. Her life and professional career will stay put in in the glorious history of Russian intelligentsia, which has always been distinguished by diligence and selfless worship to culture and education. Bespalova’s legacy is vast and diverse. Her works cover the relevant topical problems of the library and information sphere and are highly demanded to this day. However, many aspects of her work have been understudied, in particular, her contribution to the recommendatory bibliography. For the first time, the authors analyze Bespalova’s views on recommendatory bibliography and her methodological concepts she was developing since 1970. The conceptual content of Bespalova’s Cand. Sc. thesis work is illuminated. In her works, Bespalova introduced the concept of recommendatory bibliography comprising terminological evolution, origins, characteristics of this subtype of national bibliography, periodization and author definition of the term “recommendatory bibliography”. The concept has been developed in the later works. The authors offer conceptual analysis of these works.

Challenges in the pre- and post-natal diagnosis of posterior fossa cysts: A case report and review of historical evolution of descriptive terminologies.

Radiological diagnoses of posterior fossa cystic abnormalities during antenatal and postnatal periods pose significant challenges as they may have similar early imaging features. Some of the frequently described entities are arachnoid cysts and Dandy-Walker malformations. Blake's pouch cyst is relatively underdiagnosed. The main aim of the study was to explore these diagnostic challenges in the context of various descriptive terminologies and their prognostic implications. We illustrate this through our case, where fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 36 weeks gestation showed small right cerebellum without hydrocephalus or hemorrhage. Possible differential diagnoses included Dandy-Walker malformation or posterior fossa malformations, facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac and eye anomalies, sternal clefting, and supraumbilical raphe. Postnatal sonography noted posterior fossa cyst without hydrocephalus in a normal term infant, who went on to develop symptomatic hydrocephalus by 15 weeks. Computed tomography brain scan confirmed large subtentorial posterior fossa cyst and extensive internal hydrocephalus. Despite emergent ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, head circumference continued to rise. MRI scan showed persistent cyst. Subsequently, infant underwent endoscopic fenestration of the cyst with balloon septostomy and now has an age appropriate developmental profile. There is considerable discordance between antenatal and postnatal neuroimaging findings as highlighted in our case. Diagnostic conundrum here was whether this was an arachnoid or Blake's pouch cyst. Differentiating between posterior fossa fluid collections is crucial for management, prognosis, and parental counseling. Close postnatal follow-up is essential to avert complications due to acute hydrocephalus.

Conceptual and linguistic changes: document, resource, and item

The bibliographic universe has radically changed in a short time; the major innovations, mainly related to the digital environment, have had consequences in terms of terminology. This contribution offers an analysis of three specific international cataloguing terms: document, resource, and item. The terms document and resource constitute an example of terminological evolution; item, introduced in cataloguing by FRBR as the fourth entity of Group I, highlights the difficulties of transposition from one linguistic system to another, and the multiple terminological meanings linked to different disciplinary contexts.

SYNONYMY IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY: THE EVOLUTION OF THE TERM «LEPRA»

The article considers the theoretical aspects of synonymy in terminology and analyzes the Latin synonymous terms of leprosy in diachrony. It has been shown that in the conditions of the cognitive paradigm the views of scientists on such a phenomenon as terminological synonymy, which is a lexical reality and from which terminological practice cannot be abstracted, have changed. In the course of the research, the authors applied the methods of analysis, semantic-component in particular, sampling, classification, generalization, and historical approach. The material of the study is the corpus of synonymous terms for leprosy, listed in the IV volume of the thorough work Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine, published in 1835 in London, as well as synonyms of the term «lepra», presented in the dictionary by D. Arnaudov. The authors conclude that the presence of a significant number of synonyms of the term under study, which were common in medical discourse as of the 19th century, demonstrates that medical terminology is an open system, some elements of which are integrated by this framework and others disappear. It is emphasized that the etiology and pathogenesis of leprosy were unknown almost until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, so the vast majority of names contained a toponymic component, which indicated the endemic nature of the disease, or metaphorical, zoomorphic, in particular. The processes of terminological evolution have led to the disappearance and archaization of these terms, most of which are currently incorrect, although they provide interesting historical information for a wide range of scientists – clinicians, specialists in the history of medicine, and terminologists. With the development of medical science and terminology, there was a specialization of most terms, therefore, now they denote other medical concepts.

French-speaking Africa and translation: From midwifery to maïeutique?

INTRODUCTIONIn the French version of The Lancet Series (2014) midwifery has been translated as maïeutique. Likewise, the term maïeuticien has recently been introduced in some countries to name (male) midwives. This change of terminology has not been the subject of broad stakeholder consultation. The aim of this study is to explore the opinion of African midwives on the use of the terminologies pratique de sage-femme/maïeutique (midwifery) and sage-femme/maïeuticien (midwife).METHODSA quantitative study was conducted using an online survey among members of francophone professional midwifery associations in 17 French-speaking African countries.RESULTSFrom 140 invited midwives, 82 responses were received. The respondents represented 12 francophone African countries. Respondents obviously prefer the terms pratique de sage-femme and sage-femme above maïeutique and maïeuticien. The sage-femme is acknowledged and deeply rooted in African society. Midwifery is comprehensive, while maïeutique does not describe the full scope of midwifery. Though, some respondents believe that maïeutique has the potential to differentiate sages-femmes from other health professionals, can diminishing role ambiguity, and value midwifery practice. Respondents in favor of the term maïeutique are referring to the modernization of the midwifery profession and its scientific evolution.CONCLUSIONSInternationally, midwives closely follow the developments on the linguistic subject of maïeutique. The results of this study may support current discussion about the evolution and modernization of terminology in the francophone community worldwide. Midwives need to be actively involved in these discussions. Nevertheless, at all times we need to be cautious not to break away from midwives’ cherished historical, social, and cultural roots.

The History of Studying 代词 daici in Chinese Linguistics.

The article provides an overview of different terms for describing lexical units of such a category as the 代词 daici ‘pronoun’. The evolution of grammar terminology’s formation is considered based on the example of this category. It is shown that prior to 1898, Chinese scholars used no special terms to classify 代词 daici , as these lexical units were described in function words’ dictionaries (written by Lu Yiwei 卢以纬 , Yuan Renlin 袁仁林 etc.). At that time, the course of linguistic research was determined by exegetics, and the main emphasis was placed on the description of semantics and usage of characters. After 1898, the situation changed. Modern linguists characterize 代词 daici as an element of the general system of word classes. The nature of 代词 daici causes difficulties in classification: should lexical units of this category be considered function words or content words, or perhaps even words of a special category that duplicate content words. The position of 代词 daici in the general system of word classes may differ depending on the author’s approach for selecting parts of speech. Approaches of Ma Jianzhong 马建忠 , Li Jinxi 黎锦熙 , Lü Shuxiang 吕叔湘 , Wang Li 王力 , Zhu Dexi 朱德熙 , Xing Fuyi 刑福义 , Guo Rui 郭锐 , Yuan Yulin 袁毓林 , Zhang Bin 张斌 are presented in the article. Chinese is an isolating language, therefore syntactic properties of lexical units play a significant role in expressing relationships between the words. This fact is reflected in the considered classifications of Chinese linguists based on the functional characteristics of lexical units. As for grammar terminology, modern linguists emphasize the substitutive function of 代词 daici (the sign 代 dai means ‘to replace’) and show that 代词 daici may replace not only 名词 mingci ‘noun’ (do not use the term 代名词 daimingci , for example), but also other parts of speech.

Commentary: Metabolic associated liver disease: an inevitable terminological evolution in real practice.

In real practice, the patient with liver disease is often the carrier of multiple etiological factors, such as metabolic syndrome (MS) and alcohol consumption (AC). Their co-presence is often underestimated as AC is not adequately studied. AC is a contributing cause of MS and alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease have a substantially overlapping histopathological picture. Moreover, AC and MS are the cause (and the contributing cause) of extra-hepatic morbidity and mortality. It can be concluded that the possible simplification of terminology at metabolic associated liver disease (MALD) facilitates better communication and cooperation between scientific societies and specialists belonging to different medical sectors, facilitates early identification of related hepatic and extra-hepatic pathology, allows to "see the person in a unitary way", to create leaner healthcare pathways, to reduce the hospitalization rate with relative cost-benefit advantage and to create unitary prevention and health promotion policies.

Historical Perspectives and Evolution of Menstrual Terminology.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years in non-pregnant women comprises a group of symptoms that include abnormal frequency and the irregular onset of flow as well as prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding. It is a common, chronic, and debilitating condition affecting women worldwide with an adverse impact on their quality of life. Until the last decade, the “menstrual” terminology used to describe both normal and abnormal uterine bleeding and its underlying causes was inconsistent, creating considerable confusion. Using standardized terminology may potentially improve clinical management as well as help designing and interpreting basic, translational, epidemiological, and clinical research in women with menstrual problems. In this article, we explore the history and evolution of menstrual terminology and discuss the two International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems on i.e., (A) menstrual terminology and definitions (B) and the causes of AUB, achieved through international consensus of relevant stakeholders through a long multistage journey.

The Inconsistent and Inadequate Reporting Of Immune-Related Adverse Events in PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

BackgroundImmune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are of great interest and importance in clinical practice, and many deficiencies and controversies have been noted in the reporting of irAEs. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the current status of irAE reporting in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and to attempt to explain and solve the current pitfalls associated with this reporting.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a systematic review across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The RCTs that compared PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors with standard treatments were included. The Harms extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) was used to evaluate the completeness of irAE reporting.ResultsA total of 44 articles and 23,759 patients were included in the analysis. The terminology of the irAEs changed over time (p = .01) and was different among immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (p = .005). Twenty‐two of the studies provided a definition of irAE, but only four of them concretely addressed this definition. The incidence of any grade of irAEs ranged from 16.9% to 96%, whereas grade 3–4 irAE ranged from 2% to 23%. The RCTs with combined therapy exhibited a higher incidence of grade 3–4 irAEs (p = .012). Thirty‐two studies reported irAEs in the control arms, whereas seven studies reported irAEs only in the experimental arms. Respiratory, endocrine, and gastrointestinal disorders were the most commonly reported irAEs. IrAEs were generally neglected in the introduction or conclusion sections in all of the study reviews and were never subjected to subgroup analyses. Moreover, withdrawals due to severe irAEs, as well as clarifications of the irAE collection methods, were also poorly reported. RCTs using combination therapies in the experimental arms were associated with a higher reporting quality (p = .032). However, the completeness of the reporting did not improve over the last 5 years (p = .076).ConclusionThe reporting of irAEs was inadequate, and there are still inconsistencies and controversies in the reporting of irAEs. In the future, authors should be encouraged to adhere to the Harms extension of the CONSORT statement.Implications for PracticePD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors profoundly changed the landscape of cancer treatment, and thousands of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were active or completed over the past decade. However, different from chemotherapy or targeted therapy, the profile of immune‐related adverse effects (irAE) was unique. An understanding of irAEs is developed mainly from clinical trials; however, inconsistencies and controversies between trials were noted. This study primarily reviewed the evolution of irAE terminology and definitions and evaluated the reporting quality of each RCT. It was found that RCTs using combined immunotherapy were associated with higher quality of irAE reporting. This article identifies the controversies and deficiencies in current irAE reporting and provides possible explanations and suggestions for these inadequacies.

SP-0349 Manageable or oligometastatic disease: Evolution of terminology in radiation oncology

SP-0349 Manageable or oligometastatic disease: Evolution of terminology in radiation oncology

The process of transitioning for the transgender individual and the nursing imperative: A narrative review.

The objectives of this study were to bring the experience of the transitioning process for the transgender population to the nursing profession and address the lack of knowledge to promote improved patient outcomes. This study used a narrative review using the literature matrix method. Because of the dearth of trans specific literature, editorials and monologues were included. A broad search was undertaken across all databases including CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health and Google Scholar. Literature from June 1994 to May 2020 was appraised. Non-peer reviewed literature and published texts were procured via Google Alerts. Selection for inclusion was based on credibility and relevance from a variety of social science disciplines. A narrative analysis was used to identify common themes, incongruencies in schools of thought and perspectives that require consideration. Analysis of the literature revealed the following themes: (a) literature and terminology evolution, (b) transitioning as a process, (c) medicalization of transitioning, (d) generational views on transitioning and (e) needs during transition. This review highlights key issues about the transitioning process imperative to nursing when meeting the needs of the transgender population. This review addresses the lack of trans specific literature and lack of consistency in the literature about the understanding of the transitioning process for the transgender population. Main findings? Terminology to explain the transitioning process is ever evolving. Future studies about transitioning need to go beyond the medical lens. Generational views differ in the approach to transitioning, and there are needs unique to this population required during the process. Where and whom will the research impact? The review has significant implications for change in health delivery, nursing policy and formulating nursing practice and education to improve trans competent care.

Historical Evolution of the Conceptual Practice Sustainability Terminology

The article aims to analyze, in a formal historical approach, the conceptual evolution of sustainability terminology, which initially has an essentially ecological interaction, but begins to incorporate social values in its definition when establishing relation with the welfare of future generations. As a result, international society coined the term "sustainable development," which presupposes a preventive action, with practices of governmental regulations associated with initiatives that involve economic growth, social equity and global environmental conservation.

НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КОГНИТИВНОЙ ПАРАДИГМЕ

The current problems of the terminological evolution of the complex of scientific and technical sciences in the era of technical globalization are considered; there is a significant expansion of the national term fund and the activation of the processes of borrowing into the sublanguage of technical epistemological spheres. In the mainstream of cognitivism, the specificity of technical knowledge is investigated in comparison with humanitarian and other types of knowledge; the connection between science, technology and human thinking is traced; aspects of his mental and cognitive activity are determined. The role of derivational processes in the creation of new conceptual and thematic modules in the structure of the modern scientific and technical terminological system is shown; it is noted that the technical term represents the cognitive element of human cognitive activity.