Terminology Concepts Research Articles

A Review of Research on Correspondence and Processing of Legal Terminology in Legal Translation

This paper undertakes a comprehensive review of both domestic and international research on the correspondence and handling of legal terminology in legal translation. It critically examines the current state of research, highlighting key achievements, ongoing challenges, and potential future directions, while also incorporating the author’s perspectives and recommendations. The paper is structured into four main sections:The first section introduces the fundamental concepts of legal terminology and legal term correspondence, as well as their pivotal roles in the field of legal translation. It provides an in-depth analysis of the definitions and characteristics of legal terminology, alongside the definitions and classifications of legal term correspondence, underscoring their significance in the translation process.The second section delves into the principles and methodologies governing legal term correspondence. It synthesizes four primary principles identified by scholars both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, it outlines three commonly employed methods.The third section presents a case analysis focused on the correspondence between Chinese and English legal terminology, emphasizing the disparities between the two legal systems and their implications for legal term correspondence. The fourth section reviews the current landscape of research on legal term correspondence and handling, identifying prevalent issues. It concludes with suggestions for enhancing research quality and standards.

Cross-Mapping the Portuguese Nursing Ontology with ICNP, SNOMED CT and NANDA-I.

EHR Interoperability is crucial to obtain a set of benefits. This can be achieved by using data standards, like ontologies. The Portuguese Nursing Ontology (NursingOntos) is a reference model describing a set of nursing concepts and their relationships, to represent nursing knowledge in the Electronic Health Records (EHR). The purpose of this work was to define a set of correspondences between Nursing Ontology concepts of NursingOntos and other terminologies, which have the same or similar meaning. In this project, we are using the ISO/TR12300:2016 standard on the principles of mapping between terminological systems. Regarding the domain of "airway clearance", we can say that Portuguese Nursing Ontology has a good level of mapping with other terminologies. In conclusion, we can say that Portuguese Nursing Ontology can be used in EHR with the purpose of a global digitalization of health.

CORE UNITS OF COMPUTER LEXIS

This paper analyzes the core vocabulary of English computer lexis, examining the criteria for identifying central terms and describing their structure and characteristics. The core units represent the most relevant concepts in computer terminology, characterized by high frequency, ambiguity, stylistic neutrality and significant word-formation potential. The study distinguishes “first-level core units” like “user”, “computer” and “internet” that denote the most important notions; “second-level core units” like “smart” and “digital” that originated as synonyms but became independent; and “core elements” like cyber, tele and e- that started as abbreviations. Core units generate numerous morphological and syntactic innovations, often expanding or narrowing in meaning. The core lexeme “electronic” is especially productive, forming phrases representing computer trends and systems. Core elements undergo lexicalization into independent prefixes and word-forming components. While artificial intelligence is currently popular, related linguistic innovation remains limited. The core vocabulary has a complex structure with central concepts spawning many new terms through derivation and compounding. The paper examines the phenomena of synonymous attraction, functional homonymy in core elements, and the dualistic nature of computer lexis development. It provides a systematic analysis of the core English computer terminology and its word-formation capabilities.

LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF «DANCE» TERMINOLOGY IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH

This article explores the concept of dance terminology and its linguistic characteristics in both Uzbek and English. It is discussed the importance of a rich vocabulary for creating dance terminology in Uzbek. This article delves into the fascinating world of dance terminology, exploring its linguistic features in both Uzbek and English.

Конституционная терминология в праве социального обеспечения

The article analyzes the constitutional terminology used in social security law. The concept of constitutional terminology is explained both broadly and narrowly. The specifics of the constitutional terminology creation and its’ influence on the terminology utilized in the particular branches of law are substantiated. In relation to the law of social security, the definitions of the constitutional terms such as social protection, social security, compulsory social insurance, and targeted social support are analyzed. Said terms form the basic definitions of social security law. Their content and correlation with each other, as well as their correlation with the other constitutional and subject matter terms, is significant in the context of the independence of the social security law, branch-wise. It is not always possible to define these terms with the necessary clarity based solely on the analysis of the definitive regulations of the industry-specific legislation. In addition, the social protection system is not static, its structure changes following the dynamics of social relations. Accordingly, the content of some constitutional terms is modified. As an example, the author analyzes the development of social support as one of the forms of social protection. It is concluded that the consolidation of the term ‘targeted social support’ in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 reflects the current trend in the social protection system and sectoral legislation development. The mutual influence of the constitutional and branch-wise terminology draws increasing attention to the issue of doctrinal support of the process of formation and development of the conceptual apparatus within the social security law.

Terminology Renewal at al-Shatibi, its Indicators and Tributaries

This research aims to serve the book Al Muwafaqat fi Usul al Shari'a by Imam Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi by contributing to highlighting some of its refined innovative aspects. It seeks to reveal the author's precision in dealing with usuli and jurisprudential terms, as well as his concern for refining the phenomenon of attention to wording and symbols at the expense of meanings that were prevalent in his time. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the conceptual intent (Maqasid) of Imam al-Shatibi had a significant impact on various jurisprudential discussions in his book Al-Mawafiqat, leading to a noticeable renewal of many terms either structurally or semantically. The aspects of usuli renewal in Imam al-Shatibi's work were diverse; they appeared in form and content, foundation and establishment, explanation, and representation. The terms benefited considerably from this renewal; he introduced new terms that had not been used before and expanded the scope of some other terminological concepts prevalent in his time. In addition, Imam al-Shatibi is considered one of the jurists who paid meticulous attention to terminology and refining their meanings. This was because he realized the influence of terms in directing and regulating knowledge, narrowing the scope of disagreement by resorting to them.

الواسطة من جهة الصياغة الصرفية في اللغة الكردية

Language is an ever-changing entity that is constantly evolving and improving. As new ideas and concepts emerge, new words and terms are required to describe them. To create these new words and terms, language has various methods and techniques at its disposal, including the combination of existing words and concepts. One of the key terms in the process of combining words is "interfix", which is essential in creating many new words and terms.
 This research aims to provide an explanation and discussion of the term "interfix" and its function as a method for combining and creating words. The study includes examples of interfixes [و ، ە] (in Kurdish) and their ability to combine words, as well as examples of words that incorporate interfixes. Additionally, the research explores the role of interfixes in morpheme words and their place in morphology.
 This study comprises two main parts, in addition to the introduction, conclusion, and bibliography.
 Part One of this study includes a discussion of several topics related to morphology, such as independent morphemes, combined morphemes, morphemes of grammar, and morphemes used for word-making, including prefixes, interfixes, and suffixes. The section also provides a definition of interfix, its nature, the way it appears, and how it differs from other similar concepts in terminology and morphology. Additionally, the study explores the distinction between ending (ی) and interfix (ی).
 Part Two of this study focuses on interfixes in terminology, with a specific emphasis on (و ، ە) as examples of interfixes.

A novel way of extracting full-fledged terminologies from multilingual texts

Abstract Terminology as a term refers to terminology science and simultaneously to practically curated terminological resources (TR). The latter fall within the scope of language resources. Manually curating such a TR is labor- and time-intensive. Thus, it has been a long-standing research endeavor to reduce this effort by automating the TR creation process. However, to this point such endeavors have focused on terms rather than on interrelations. Instead of directly interrelating terms, they are conventionally grouped by synonymy and equivalence into concepts, and relations are established between concepts. This paper introduces preliminaries of terminology science and practice, common models of interrelating terminological concepts, and especially focuses on a new way to define terminological relations and a system to extract terminological information from texts across domains and languages by means of recent neural methods.

Способы образования парных терминов в кумыкском языке

The aim of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of paired terms in the Kumyk language. The author grouped paired terms according to the method of formation of the analysed terms. The paper demonstrates the attribution of the terms under consideration to a specific thematic group. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the characteristics of paired terms in the Kumyk language. In the Kumyk language, a paired term cannot acquire expressive or stylistic connotations like commonly used paired words, due to its properties of exactness and neutrality. As a result, six types of paired terms were identified based on their formation method; the ways of translating the components of borrowed and calqued relative adjectives were described. In addition, the changes in terminological units borrowed from Russian were shown. In the Kumyk language, calquing and borrowing from the Russian language are most prevalent in the socio-political sphere. Paired terms in the Kumyk language are direct translations of Russian terminological concepts.

Using Social Media to Help Understand Patient-Reported Health Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Natural Language Processing Approach.

While scientific knowledge of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is growing, there remains significant uncertainty in the definition of the disease, its expected clinical course, and its impact on daily functioning. Social media platforms can generate valuable insights into patient-reported health outcomes as the content is produced at high resolution by patients and caregivers, representing experiences that may be unavailable to most clinicians. In this study, we aimed to determine the validity and effectiveness of advanced natural language processing approaches built to derive insight into PCC-related patient-reported health outcomes from social media platforms Twitter and Reddit. We extracted PCC-related terms, including symptoms and conditions, and measured their occurrence frequency. We compared the outputs with human annotations and clinical outcomes and tracked symptom and condition term occurrences over time and locations to explore the pipeline's potential as a surveillance tool. We used bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) models to extract and normalize PCC symptom and condition terms from English posts on Twitter and Reddit. We compared 2 named entity recognition models and implemented a 2-step normalization task to map extracted terms to unique concepts in standardized terminology. The normalization steps were done using a semantic search approach with BERT biencoders. We evaluated the effectiveness of BERT models in extracting the terms using a human-annotated corpus and a proximity-based score. We also compared the validity and reliability of the extracted and normalized terms to a web-based survey with more than 3000 participants from several countries. UmlsBERT-Clinical had the highest accuracy in predicting entities closest to those extracted by human annotators. Based on our findings, the top 3 most commonly occurring groups of PCC symptom and condition terms were systemic (such as fatigue), neuropsychiatric (such as anxiety and brain fog), and respiratory (such as shortness of breath). In addition, we also found novel symptom and condition terms that had not been categorized in previous studies, such as infection and pain. Regarding the co-occurring symptoms, the pair of fatigue and headaches was among the most co-occurring term pairs across both platforms. Based on the temporal analysis, the neuropsychiatric terms were the most prevalent, followed by the systemic category, on both social media platforms. Our spatial analysis concluded that 42% (10,938/26,247) of the analyzed terms included location information, with the majority coming from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. The outcome of our social media-derived pipeline is comparable with the results of peer-reviewed articles relevant to PCC symptoms. Overall, this study provides unique insights into patient-reported health outcomes of PCC and valuable information about the patient's journey that can help health care providers anticipate future needs. RR2-10.1101/2022.12.14.22283419.

Kinship Terminology as a (Still) Significant Anthropological Analytical Category

This paper explains the concept of kinship terminology as an analytical category in anthropology and highlights its importance. Special attention is given to the differences in approach and methodology employed in anthropology compared to comparative philology and historical linguistics when it comes to this type of research. In addition to discussing the typology of kinship terminology systems, the paper addresses current knowledge regarding two longstanding questions: 1. the relationship between kinship terminology and non-linguistic elements (principles of social organisation and kinship behaviour), and 2. historical changes and transformations of kinship terminological systems.
 From the perspective of contemporary anthropology, when interpreting the prevalence of different types of kinship terminology worldwide, it is necessary to consider and distinguish between two principles of grouping: the ‘principle of propinquity’ and the ‘principle of form.’ The principle of propinquity can be applied when dealing with societies that are linguistically, geographically, and historically connected. When terminologies with the same formal characteristics, including identical rules of kinship classification, exist in geographically, linguistically, and historically distinct and distant societies, the principle of form is applied, which focuses more on logical rather than historical connections between systems.
 While earlier studies focused on finding logically powerful and empirically efficient analytical means of classification, in recent decades the emphasis has increasingly shifted towards broader social, historical, and cognitive issues and processes. Contemporary approaches to kinship terminology aim to identify and explain variations rather than categorise such systems into one general category or another. Because what matters is not which category fits better, but rather which features can be combined in different ways to form a concrete system in the real world.

Healthcare use attributable to COVID-19: a propensity-matched national electronic health records cohort study of 249,390 people in Wales, UK

BackgroundTo determine the extent and nature of changes associated with COVID-19 infection in terms of healthcare utilisation, this study observed healthcare contact 1 to 4 and 5 to 24 weeks following a COVID-19 diagnosis compared to propensity-matched controls.MethodsTwo hundred forty nine thousand three hundred ninety Welsh individuals with a positive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test were identified from data from national PCR test results. After elimination criteria, 98,600 positive individuals were matched to test negative and never tested controls using propensity matching. Cohorts were split on test location. Tests could be taken in either the hospital or community. Controls were those who had tested negative in their respective environments. Survival analysis was utilised for first clinical outcomes which are grouped into primary and secondary. Primary outcomes include post-viral-illness and fatigue as an indication of long-COVID. Secondary outcomes include clinical terminology concepts for embolism, respiratory conditions, mental health conditions, fit notes, or hospital attendance. Increased instantaneous risk for positive individuals was quantified using hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression, while absolute risk (AR) and relative risk were quantified using life table analysis.ResultsAnalysis was conducted using all individuals and stratified by test location. Cases are compared to controls from the same test location. Fatigue (HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.34–2.25, p = < 0.001) and embolism (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15–1.97, p = 0.003) were more likely to occur in all positive individuals in the first 4 weeks; however, anxiety and depression (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95, p = 0.007) were less likely. Positive individuals continued to be more at risk of fatigue (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.24–1.75, p = < 0.001) and embolism (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.13–2.02, p = 0.005) after 4 weeks. All positive individuals are also at greater risk of post-viral illness (HR: 4.57, 95% CI: 1.77–11.80, p = 0.002). Despite statistical association between testing positive and several conditions, life table analysis shows that only a small minority of the study population were affected.ConclusionsCommunity COVID-19 disease is associated with increased risks of post-viral-illness, fatigue, embolism, and respiratory conditions. Despite elevated risks, the absolute healthcare burden is low. Subsequently, either very small proportions of people experience adverse outcomes following COVID-19 or they are not presenting to healthcare.

RESEARCH OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF COLLISIONS AT REGULATED INTERSECTIONS WITH LIMITED VISIBILITY OF ESCORTED COLUMNS OF VEHICLES WITH OTHER VEHICLES

The article analyzes the requirements of the current Traffic Rules of Ukraine regarding the conditions for the movement of motorcades and aspects of the occurrence of traffic accidents at controlled intersections with limited visibility with the participation of a column of cars accompanied by another vehicle. The options for expert studies to establish the causes of traffic accidents in non-standard situations were studied and recommendations were proposed for including additions to the Traffic Rules of Ukraine regarding the installation of special light and sound signals and devices on the cars accompanied by the convoy, as well as to unify the terminological concepts of «immediate proximity» and «safe distance» when the column is moving. The authors consider it appropriate: – to consider the possibility of introducing additions by the relevant authorities to Article 25 of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine regarding the installation of special light and sound signals and devices on the cars of the accompanied column of vehicles, as an additional factor in attracting the attention of other road users and avoiding dangerous moments at regulated intersections when passing the accompanied columns cars; – during the briefing, provide for the obligations of the drivers of the convoy of cars in case of division of cars into groups while driving, to comply with the requirements of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine, based on the current conditions for the passage of cars at regulated intersections; – to coordinate in the articles of the Rules the terminological concepts «immediate proximity» and «safe distance», which are used in the current requirements of the Traffic Rules of Ukraine.

GENESIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF TERMINOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS IN ROMANIA, HISTORICAL CONTEXT

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of terminology in the field of physical education and sports in Romania. The author of the article examines the historical context of the changes that took place in the terminology from the time of the emergence of sports and physical culture to the present day. The article examines the factors that influenced changes in terminology in Romania, including political, cultural, and economic factors. The analysis of global trends in the development of society and the influence of social transformations on the development of physical culture and sports was carried out. As a result of the analysis and carrying out structuring through the analysis of hierarchies, the historical periods of the development of society and their influence on the formation of terms in the system of physical culture and sports were determined. The results of the analysis made it possible to determine the directions for the development of terminological concepts. Modeling of influencing factors on the processes of development of physical culture and sports was carried out, because of which proposals were formed regarding possible prospects for the development of the field. The factor model was determined as adequate and relevant by conducting a sociological survey and confirming the relevance of the factors, which was proven by calculating the correlation coefficient of the analyzed indicators. The author also investigates the influence of foreign languages on the terminology of the field of physical education and sports in Romania. The article describes in detail the processes that took place with the terminology, including the Western European and American influence on the Romanian terminology, as well as the changes related to the political and social transformations in Romania in the last century. The conclusions of the article make it clear that the terminology in the field of physical education and sports in Romania arose and developed under the influence of various factors, which allowed it to adapt to changes in the social, cultural, and political environment.

Pandemic Reflection of Present English Language Innovations as a Representation of the Transformed Reality

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted linguistic vocabulary across various languages. The pandemic has brought about new terminology and linguistic innovations to describe the unique circumstances of the crisis. The emergence of medical terminology related to COVID-19, such as "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2," has become commonplace. The concept of social distancing has become standard and widely used in public health campaigns. With the rise of remote work, new terminology has emerged to describe this phenomenon. The concept of quarantine and vaccine terminology has also become standard in public health protocols. The pandemic has had a profound influence on linguistic vocabulary, and it is likely that new vocabulary will continue to emerge as the pandemic evolves. This paper aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on linguistic vocabulary, and to highlight the importance of language in reflecting and communicating the changing reality.

우즈베키스탄 진출 대학의 회계학교육 실태 연구

[Purpose]The purpose of this study is to help universities that want to enter foreign countries, especially Uzbekistan. To this end, the current state and education in Uzbekistan were analyzed.In addition, the purpose of this study is to suggest a direction in which accounting education can be effectively conducted based on the experience of running the department of management and accounting.&#x0D; [Methodology]Through theoretical research, the current situation, education system, and higher education status of Uzbekistan were analyzed.Based on experience in Uzbekistan, author described the actual conditions such as university admission and management and accounting department curriculum.Then, for an empirical study, students received 134 questionnaires and analyzed the direction in which accounting education could be effectively conducted.&#x0D; [Findings]Students in Uzbekistan have difficulty with accounting in general rather than specific parts of accounting, because the concept of capitalism is weak. Also, the terminology of the major is difficult, making accounting more difficult. Therefore, professor will need frequent and easy explanations so that students can easily understand and familiarize themselves with the concepts of capitalism and accounting terminology. And students wanted the professor to solve many exercise, but since accounting is a practical science, they will have to solve many exercise so that they can learn practical skills.&#x0D; [Implications]This study provides help to universities that want to enter Uzbekistan, and presents an effective accounting education method through empirical research. Although this study is an empirical study in Uzbekistan, it is considered that this study will be helpful to universities that want to enter foreign countries other than Uzbekistan.

(Reading) Originality of the Concept in Arab Culture - an Anthropological Linguistic Study -

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study seeks to confirm the originality of the concept of reading, its longevity, continuity and semantic richness in Arab culture, because the concept of reading is one of the most widespread concepts in our contemporary world as this concept is characterized by its richness, openness and complexity, so it was embraced by many scientific fields in its conceptual system as well as their use in extensive metaphorical connotations, in order to understand them, require a grasp of the roots and contexts of their use.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The study stands on the root of the concept of reading in the Arabic lexicon and a brief pause through which it shows its positional load and how its sensory significance tops the load of the lexical material, followed by other semantics belonging to sensory areas lighter than it until it gets complicated little by little while it is on its way to abstraction .Then the study stops at the concept of reading in contemporary literature and trying to find a common content between the predicates of the lexical material and between what the idiomatic concept pulses in the contemporary world, in order to explain the semantic absorptive content of the subject matter which softens the complexity of what the terminological concept has ended in contemporary literature on its openness and bifurcation and complexity

Mining of EHR for interface terminology concepts for annotating EHRs of COVID patients

BackgroundTwo years into the COVID-19 pandemic and with more than five million deaths worldwide, the healthcare establishment continues to struggle with every new wave of the pandemic resulting from a new coronavirus variant. Research has demonstrated that there are variations in the symptoms, and even in the order of symptom presentations, in COVID-19 patients infected by different SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., Alpha and Omicron). Textual data in the form of admission notes and physician notes in the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is rich in information regarding the symptoms and their orders of presentation. Unstructured EHR data is often underutilized in research due to the lack of annotations that enable automatic extraction of useful information from the available extensive volumes of textual data.MethodsWe present the design of a COVID Interface Terminology (CIT), not just a generic COVID-19 terminology, but one serving a specific purpose of enabling automatic annotation of EHRs of COVID-19 patients. CIT was constructed by integrating existing COVID-related ontologies and mining additional fine granularity concepts from clinical notes. The iterative mining approach utilized the techniques of 'anchoring' and 'concatenation' to identify potential fine granularity concepts to be added to the CIT. We also tested the generalizability of our approach on a hold-out dataset and compared the annotation coverage to the coverage obtained for the dataset used to build the CIT.ResultsOur experiments demonstrate that this approach results in higher annotation coverage compared to existing ontologies such as SNOMED CT and Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO). The final version of CIT achieved about 20% more coverage than SNOMED CT and 50% more coverage than CIDO. In the future, the concepts mined and added into CIT could be used as training data for machine learning models for mining even more concepts into CIT and further increasing the annotation coverage.ConclusionIn this paper, we demonstrated the construction of a COVID interface terminology that can be utilized for automatically annotating EHRs of COVID-19 patients. The techniques presented can identify frequently documented fine granularity concepts that are missing in other ontologies thereby increasing the annotation coverage.

The specificity of functioning of the term feminist art in the art history terminological system

The relevance of this study lies in appealing to the problem of developing one’s own microfield on the basis of the art history term feminist art. The article considers for the first time the specifics of the existence of feminist art in the terminology of art history. The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the functioning of feminist art in the art criticism terminological system. The basis of this study are the method of definitional analysis with elements of the semasiological method. In accordance with the put forward in the course of this study hypothesis, feminist art serves as the basis for the formation of a separate microfield within the art history terminological system. As a result, it was established that the term feminist art has a terminological potential — on the basis of this phrase, nomens are formed, as well as new components of the form of the concepts of art history terminology.

World experience of urban tourism and prospects for Ukraine

The article analyzes to research the main theoretical approaches to urban tourism, defines the etymology of the definitions of “urban tourism” and “urban travel”, gives the main motives for visiting the largest cities – world tourist centers by travelers, analyzes the key indicators of urban tourism. It has been established which indicator is recognized for assessing the level of competitiveness and development of the tourism industry in different countries of the world at the international level. Thepurpose of the article is to analyze the features of tourism development in the cities of the European and Asian regions, to establish the es sence of the concept of urban tourism, to analyze the features of the development of urban tourism incities of the world that have managed to achieve positive experience in the concept of sustainable development, to analyze the main tourism resources of the cities of the world, to reveal the features of the species component urban tourism and to explore promising directions of development for Ukrainian cities.The scientific novelty of the obtained research results lies in thedevelopment of theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations for the optimization of urban tourism in Ukraine, taking into account positive world experience. The conceptual system in relation to the resource analysis of the city tourism is researched. Key concepts of terminology of the Law of Ukraine «About tourism» with the concepts recommended by UNWTO were compared. The conclusion about the expediency of the terminology usage that is harmonized with the conceptual system recommended by UNWTO was proved. Based on the resources structure analysis of the city tourism, the conclusion aboutpeculiarity of this structure for each concrete city was proved. This article discusses the importance of urban tourism, its impact on economic development and the country’s image, taking into account socio-cultural and economic aspects.