Terminal System Research Articles

Samudera Ports Digital Transformation Development Strategy Through the Implementation of ETOS (Electronic Terminal Operating System)

Samudera Indonesia is a shipping and logistic company in Indonesia that actively engaged in adapting digitalization in its various business activities. One of the digitalization efforts carried out is by implementing ETOS (Electronic Terminal Operating System) in Samudera Ports business line. This study aims to study the Samudera Ports business model, analyze the business model change approach strategy and develop a digital transformation roadmap on the Samudera Ports business model. This qualitative research contains 5 variables: Digital Reality, Digital Ambition, Digital Potential, Digital Fit, and Digital Implementation. Digital transformation process started by the phase when Samudera Ports is still running a manual business model. Digitalization through the implementation of ETOS is able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the four core terminal activities: Receiving, Delivering, Loading and Discharge. Changes in the business model with ETOS affect the Customer Dimension, Benefit Dimension, Value Added Dimension, Partner Dimension, and Financial Dimension. The main objective of digital transformation is to achieve a more effective, efficient and environmentally friendly business model. Digital transformation begins with problems that occured in port operational activities and benchmarking to overseas modern ports. Digitization is adjusted to each port’s capability. The management of Samudera Ports directly handles system education for both internal and external parties. This is intended to create an ideal reciprocal relationship and minimize errors or failures in the implementation of ETOS. Samudera Ports management implements the changes approach strategy with 3 stages of changing management: Unfreeze stage where Samudera Ports realizes the need for a system to overcome the problems, the second stage is Change, where Samudera Ports establishes the policies in the implementation of ETOS. Next, the Refreeze stage where the ETOS-based business model is standardized and used as the standard for Samudera Ports port business.

QoS-aware offloading based on communication-computation resource coordination for 6G edge intelligence

Driven by the demands of diverse artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled application, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is considered one of the key technologies for 6G edge intelligence. In this paper, we consider a serial task model and design a quality of service (QoS)-aware task offloading via communication-computation resource coordination for multi-user MEC systems, which can mitigate the I/O interference brought by resource reuse among virtual machines. Then we construct the system utility measuring QoS based on application latency and user devices' energy consumption. We also propose a heuristic offloading algorithm to maximize the system utility function with the constraints of task priority and I/O interference. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm's significant advantages in terms of task completion time, terminal energy consumption and system resource utilization.

Basic Elements of Cyber Security for a Smart Terminal Process

Global maritime transportation and logistics systems are essential parts of critical infrastructures in every society, and a crucial part of maritime logistics processes are seaports. Digitalization helps improve the efficiency of terminal systems in the processes of these ports. In Finland this development is going on and it is called SMARTER research program. In the best cases, digitalization can also promote the reduction of emissions by optimizing port operations and enhancing cargo and people flows while improving the experience for all stakeholders. The improvement of port processes relies on the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and as well as on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) or Operation Technologies (OT). At the same time, the cyber security aspects of maritime logistics also need to be addressed. In Finland, the SMARTER research program has been established to create port services by using, among other tools, Industry 4.0 solutions. As critical systems become more complicated in terms of users, processes and technology, the entire port infrastructure becomes a complex system of systems environment characterized by a conglomeration of interconnected networks and dependencies. ICT systems are significant parts of the operations and core processes, and are related to the administration and management of information in the network. The components of process levels include ICS/OT systems as well.This paper presents findings related to the SMARTER research goal on cyber security, which is a comprehensive cyber security architecture for port services at the system level. The paper emphasizes the importance of system description and recognizing basic system elements and their description in the first phase of the research process. The descriptions of these elements are needed to answer the following question at the beginning of the research: “What are the basic elements of cyber security for a smart terminal process?” The main elements identified in this paper are activities, the recognition of every stakeholder and the relationships between them, security dimensions, security capabilities, and system views of organizational criteria for cyber security in the SMARTER system. The solution can be called the Smart Port Cyber Security Management System (PortCSMS).
 Key words: maritime logistics, smart port, cyber security management, SMARTER

Cyber Threat Analysis in Smart Terminal Systems

Cyber threats create significant factors that challenge traditional threat prevention mechanisms in harbor areas and port terminals. It has been recognized that understanding security functionalities in the harbor area is based on a more traditional experience of what it requires. It is not enough that the maritime and harbor ecosystem repeats only physical security service routines regarding random checks of passengers and vehicles and customs functions on cargo and passenger transportation. Smart environments and infrastructures are widely expanded in urban areas and create more challenges if old practices are combined with new technologies and functionalities. Traditional threats have changed to a combination of threat types. While developing cyber or physical threats may evolve into hybrid threats, it may prevent everyday harbor activities so that damage can become long-lasting and harm business continuity management. Therefore, it is essential to analyze cyber threat factors in Smart Terminal Systems. The research provides cyber threat and vulnerability analysis and the main attack vectors in the Smart Terminal systems. This research belongs in Finland to the maritime Sea4Value (S4VF) research program that includes Smart Terminals (SMARTER) project for harbor’s digitalization.

Efficient Windows malware identification and classification scheme for plant protection information systems.

Due to developments in science and technology, the field of plant protection and the information industry have become increasingly integrated, which has resulted in the creation of plant protection information systems. Plant protection information systems have modernized how pest levels are monitored and improved overall control capabilities. They also provide data to support crop pest monitoring and early warnings and promote the sustainable development of plant protection networks, visualization, and digitization. However, cybercriminals use technologies such as code reuse and automation to generate malware variants, resulting in continuous attacks on plant protection information terminals. Therefore, effective identification of rapidly growing malware and its variants has become critical. Recent studies have shown that malware and its variants can be effectively identified and classified using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze the similarity between malware binary images. However, the malware images generated by such schemes have the problem of image size imbalance, which affects the accuracy of malware classification. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a malware identification and classification scheme based on bicubic interpolation to improve the security of a plant protection information terminal system. We used the bicubic interpolation algorithm to reconstruct the generated malware images to solve the problem of image size imbalance. We used the Cycle-GAN model for data augmentation to balance the number of samples among malware families and build an efficient malware classification model based on CNNs to improve the malware identification and classification performance of the system. Experimental results show that the system can significantly improve malware classification efficiency. The accuracy of RGB and gray images generated by the Microsoft Malware Classification Challenge Dataset (BIG2015) can reach 99.76% and 99.62%, respectively.

Analysis of Container Terminal Handling System Based on Petri Net and ExtendSim

The container terminal handling system plays an important role in marine transportation, and improving its efficiency has become a big challenge. Therefore, this paper proposes an analytical method that combines a Petri net with simulation tools. Firstly, the container terminal handling system is abstracted into a Petri net system according to the internal logic of the handling process. Next, eigenvalues of the correlation matrix are calculated to analyse the effectiveness of the Petri net system. Then, the Petri net system is simulated using the Extend-Sim software. The result suggests that, after optimising, the handling capacity of the berth is clearly improved. Using the Petri net and simulation tools together to analyse the container terminal system is the innovation and the most important aspect of this paper. Because the combination of a Petri net and simulation can not only ensure the reliability of the model but also optimise the container terminal handling system more intuitively.

Design of Real-time Movement Guidance System Based on Blazepose on Mobile Terminal

People's daily sports and patient rehabilitation movement requires standard movement guidance, this paper puts forward a real-time movement guidance in mobile terminal system, the main function of using the camera to obtain the user movement posture, identify the current posture in the application of the category, and the current posture with the standard movement, in the user movement key body with different color grading tips, in order to prompt the user and correct the user posture.

Box-Behnken Response Surface Method to Optimize Amine Liquid Purification Process Based on Ion Exchange

In the process of recycling MDEA (N-methyldiethanolamine) solution in a terminal decarburization system of CNOOC, the quality of MDEA solution was deteriorated due to the generation and accumulation of impurities such as solid suspended solids and heat stable salts, which led to blockage and unstable operation of pipeline equipment in the decarburization system, thus affecting the CO₂ removal effect of the solution, the Box-Behnken effect surface method was used to design the three main factors of the ion exchange-based amine purification process: the continuous adsorption time of the amine solution, the resin regeneration temperature and the resin regeneration time. Taking the conductivity of the MDEA solution after purification as the response function, a corresponding mathematical model was established to optimize the test method, and the correlation coefficient R² (R²=0.9418) of the regression equation obtained was greater than 0.9, indicating that the predicted value had a high correlation with the experimental value, and the test method was optimized accordingly. The best test conditions obtained were: the continuous adsorption time of amine solution was 50 min, the resin regeneration temperature was 40°C, and the resin regeneration time was 30 min. Under this condition, the conductivity of the purified MDEA solution was 1.56 ms/cm, and the salt content was 0.8%. The experiment was repeated 3 times according to this method, and the salt content of the MDEA solution after purification was ≯0.8%, which met the technological requirements. The Box-Behnken experimental design method was feasible for amine solution purification process optimization screening based on ion exchange, and the predicted value of the mathematical model was consistent with the experimental observation value.

Heat Transfer Analysis and Operation Optimization of an Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer

An intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) is a typical vaporizer of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is used in a large number of LNG terminals. Since it requires a large supply of seawater during its operation, it generates a lot of energy consumption. In this study, to reduce the seawater consumption in the regasification system, the heat transfer process was first numerically calculated, and the heat transfer coefficient of the IFV was determined for different seawater inlet temperatures, seawater flow rates, and LNG flow rates. The calculation results of the heat transfer coefficient were integrated into the numerical model in HYSYS, and the minimum seawater flow of the IFV under different working conditions was obtained. For receiving terminals using multiple IFVs, this study programmed calculations based on optimization software. The operating configuration of the IFVs under different operating conditions was optimized to reduce the consumption of seawater in the regasification system of the LNG terminals.

Wireless power transfer for mobile robot with capacity optimization and dynamic protection considerations

ABSTRACT In this paper, a wireless charging system that can perform coil capacity optimization and dynamic protection is proposed for mobile robots. Poor wireless charging performance might be obtained because of the inability to achieve reliable capacity estimation and effective charging detection; therefore, in this study, suitable solutions were identified for capacity estimation and effective charging detection. First, resonance analysis was conducted on a systematic flexible coil design to maximize its charging capacity. Second, a dynamic protection mechanism was developed to handle unexpected charging mistakes caused by misalignment. Third, a pickup terminal feedback system integrated with a Bluetooth chip and microprocessor unit was embedded to maintain the requisite output voltage. This system was validated through simulations and hardware implementations. The experimental results indicate that a setup based on the proposed design delivers a power of 3.2 kW at an efficiency of 91.4%, which confirms the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed approach for robot charging.

Automatic buckling system of micro terminals combined vision and force signals

Micro terminals are often used in every laptop, mobile, and other electrical product. It is challenging to automatically buckle the terminal head to its terminal base during manufacturing because of trouble in accurate positioning and gripping. A double-robots collaborative assembly system is developed to buckle millimeter-scale terminals in three-dimensional space. Robot 1 takes the terminal head horizontally by grasping its flexible line with a customized clamp, including two fingers. Robot 2 presses the aligned terminal head through a force control strategy to ensure that the terminal head and the terminal base can complete buckling accurately, even if there is a certain deviation in the vertical direction. There are two cameras to be used in the system. A horizontally placed camera is used to detect and calculate the angle between the terminal head and the horizontal plane. The angle data will drive robot 1 to make the terminal end face parallel to the horizontal plane to complete the pose correction of the terminal head. Another camera is vertically fixed at the end of industrial robot 1 and used to detect and calculate the position deviation between the terminal head and the terminal base. The position deviation will drive robot 1 to align the terminal head with the terminal base to complete the position correction. The YOLOv3, least square, and feature extraction algorithms are used in image processing. The accuracy of the YOLOv3 target detection model trained by self-made data set can reach more than 95% under different conditions. The detection period is within 65 ms. The experimental results show that the terminal assembly system designed in this paper has excellent reliability and assembly success rate. It also has a significant reference value for other terminals’ automatic buckling assemblies.

The systemic inhibition of the terminal complement system reduces neuroinflammation but does not improve motor function in mouse models of CMT1A with overexpressed PMP22.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most prevalent hereditary demyelinating neuropathy. This autosomal, dominantly inherited disease is caused by a duplication on chromosome 17p which includes the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. There is clinical evidence that the disability in CMT1A is to a large extend due to axonal damage rather than demyelination. Over-expression of PMP22 is recently thought to impede cholesterol trafficking causing a total shutdown of local cholesterol and lipid synthesis in the Schwann cells, thus disturbing their ability to remyelinate. But there is a large variety in disease burden between CMT1A patients with the same genetic defect, indicating the presence of modifying factors that affect disease severity. One of these potential factors is the immune system. Several reports have described patients with co-occurrence of CMT1A with chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease or Guillain-Barré syndrome. We have previously shown in multiple animal models that the innate immune system and specifically the terminal complement system is a driver of inflammatory demyelination. To test the contribution of the terminal complement system to neuroinflammation and disease progression in CMT1A, we inhibited systemic complement C6 in two transgenic mouse models for CMT1A, the C3-PMP22 and C3-PMP22 c-JunP0Cre models. Both models over-express human PMP22, and one (C3-PMP22 c-JunP0Cre) also has a Schwann cell-specific knockout of c-Jun, a crucial regulator of myelination controlling autophagy. We found that systemic inhibition of C6 using antisense oligonucleotides affects the neuroinflammation, Rho GTPase and ERK/MAPK signalling pathways in the CMT1A mouse models. The cholesterol synthesis pathway remained unaffected. Analysis of motor function during treatment with C6 antisense oligonucleotides did not reveal any significant improvement in the CMT1A mouse models. This study shows that the contribution of the terminal complement system to progressive loss of motor function in the CMT1A mouse models tested is limited.

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ УРОВНЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ РЕГИОНА

The methodology has been developed that allows assessing the level of the transport infrastructure of the region and predicting the needs of the territory in the development of transport. Based on the linear convolution method, the comprehensive evaluation indicator has been developed, which includes characteristics of the volume and quality of the track infrastructure of land transport modes, as well as the terminal system. The approach to determining the weighting coefficients of the integrated assessment system parameters is proposed, which makes it possible to establish the closest correlation between the transport infrastructure assessment indicator and the volume of traffic in the region. A comparative analysis of the developed indicator with the Engel and Goltz coefficients is performed according to the criterion of the closeness of relationship between the assessment of transport infrastructure and volume of traffic in the region. The regression model has been formed that makes it possible to predict the impact of transport infrastructure on meeting the current transportation needs of the region. Based on the comparison of the estimates obtained, the study was conducted to determine insufficiency or redundancy of the development of transport infrastructure in certain regions.

Research on a mobile online microcomputer locking system based on NFC technology

Currently, power grid sector is experiencing rapid development. The scale of the network is increasing and the degree of automation is being implemented. With these changes, the requirements for switching, testing equipment, and troubleshooting electrical equipment are increasing. A traditional tamper-proof system that uses computer keys has a number of limitations. For example, it does not provide sufficient mobility, after which the operators must be within range of the computer. In addition, this system may be vulnerable to attacks. This article proposes a new generation of five online microcomputer anti-blocking systems based on NFC (Near Field Communication) technology. This system has a number of advantages compared to the traditional system: mobility allows them to work in any place where there is access to the network, informativeness allows them to make a more informed decision, intelligence to completely prevent accidents, safety allows to prevent false activation of equipment. This project applies the smart phone client to the anti-missing lock function of the power grid, develops the mobile phone client on the Qt on Android platform, builds and perfects the eight functions of the mobile terminal five-proof system, and applies the NFC technology to unlock the mobile phone front end. The skill of the client and the mobile phone are skillfully combined to solve the problem that the data communication between the personnel and the background is difficult. A new NFC-based tamper-proof system is a promising solution that has the potential to revolutionize the power grid industry. This system has several advantages over the traditional system and can help operators make switching operations safer, more efficient and more economical.

Delivery Invoice Information Classification System for Joint Courier Logistics Infrastructure

With the growth of the online market, demand for logistics and courier cargo is increasing rapidly. Accordingly, in the case of urban areas, road congestion and environmental problems due to cargo vehicles are mainly occurring. The joint courier logistics system, a plan to solve this problem, aims to establish an efficient logistics transportation system by utilizing one joint logistics delivery terminal by several logistics and delivery companies. However, several courier companies use different types of courier invoices. Such a system has a problem of information data transmission interruption. Therefore, the data processing process was systematically analyzed, a practically feasible methodology was devised, and delivery invoice information processing standards were established for this. In addition, the importance of this paper can be emphasized in terms of data processing in the logistics sector, which is expected to grow rapidly in the future. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the implementation of the logistics joint delivery terminal system in the future. And it can be used as a basis for securing the operational reliability of the joint courier logistics system.

Design of human-computer interaction display terminal system for intelligent home products based on colour vision analysis

Design of human-computer interaction display terminal system for intelligent home products based on colour vision analysis

Method of the Protected Volume LPZ0B of Lightning Air-Termination Systems

The protection system for the structures against lightning is basically constituted by means of an air termination system, down-conductors and a ground-termination system. The IEC standard 62305 introduces the rolling sphere method to analyze and to design the protected volumes of air-termination systems with a complex configuration. In order to avoid the exposure of equipment and elements on the building roof to direct lightning in the design and the following operation with new exigencies, the identification of the protected volumes LPZ0B allows taking corrective measures if needed. The suggested method assumes as reference element a pair of rods for the air termination system and proposes to identify the protected volume combining the two IEC methods of the graphical rolling sphere with the protective angle. The protected volume method proposes, as simpler first step, the mathematical calculation of the minimum protection height of prospected profile described by the rolling sphere, useful for a preliminary evaluation. As second step, the method completes the definition of the protected volume section, describing a cautionary model that replaces the circular sector of the rolling sphere with a “vase section” shape, applying the protective angle method.

AGV-Based Vehicle Transportation in Automated Container Terminals: A Survey

To respond to the rapid growth of shipping container throughput, terminals urgently need to improve the efficiency of thier operations and reduce operational costs through automation and intellectualization upgrades, thereby improving service levels and enhancing market competitiveness. Due to the advantages of reliable transportation, efficient operation, and environmental friendliness, AGV-based automated container terminal (ACT) has become the development trend of container terminals. To help ACT improve its operational management capabilities, plenty of scholars have explored the transportation system of ACT. Through the analysis of operational management issues, the paper defines the four main research topics in vehicle transportation of the ACT including equipment scheduling, path planning, exception handling, and vehicle management. Then, in each topic, the works in the recent 25 years are summarized and several research opportunities for possible follow-up research directions in different fields are proposed. We expect our survey could not only provide references for more scholars on the research of operation and management of terminals, but also provide guidance for system evaluation and improvement for terminal system engineers and operation managers.

Design of human-computer interaction display terminal system for intelligent home products based on colour vision analysis

Design of human-computer interaction display terminal system for intelligent home products based on colour vision analysis

Comparison of three maternal composite sheep breeds managed under pasture lambing and purebred or terminal mating systems: ewe body weight, reproductive efficiency, and longevity.

Extensive sheep systems have lower inputs (e.g., feed, labor, infrastructure) but, generally, lower outputs per ewe than intensively managed flocks. Average ewe prolificacy is low (< 1.1 lambs per ewe) across the United States and traditional expectation is that costs required to support larger litters will not be recovered due to greater lamb mortality. The Composite-IV (C-IV) is a 50% Romanov, 25% Katahdin, and 25% White Dorper hair sheep developed and selected for enhanced reproductive efficiency at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Objectives of the current study were to compare productivity of C-IV ewes (N = 404) to Katahdin (N = 342) and Polypay (N = 390), two popular maternal composite breeds, in a lower-input system. Experimental ewes were exposed to either rams of their own breed or Texel rams for the first time at 7 mo of age and remained in the same mating system for up to 4 yr. Ewes lambed on pasture from May to June and were expected to rear their lambs in the absence of supplemental feed and with minimal intervention. The ewe age × breed interaction effect impacted all annually recorded traits (P < 0.01) including number and total weight of lamb marketed at 25 wk per ewe exposed to mating (LS25 and LW25, respectively). Within all ages, LS25 of C-IV was greater (1.2 to 1.63 lambs; P < 0.01) than Katahdin (0.71 to 1.17 lambs) and Polypay (0.68 to 1.26 lambs) which were similar. At 1, 2, and 3-yr of age, C-IV ewes had, on average, 12 to 17 kg greater LW25 (P ≤ 0.01) than other breeds. Polypay LW25 was similar to Katahdin at 1 yr of age, but 8 to 13 kg greater (P < 0.01) at older ages. At 4 yr of age, LW25 was similar for C-IV and Polypay (63 and 62 kg, respectively). Overall, Texel mating improved LW25 by 3 kg compared to purebred mating (P < 0.01). Twin litters were most common within mature ewes (> 1 yr) of all breeds (52% to 65%); however, the proportion of triplet litters was numerically greater for C-IV (13%) than Katahdin (1%) or Polypay (4%). The frequency of mature ewes that gave birth to and reared twins (75% to 82%) was high for all breeds. Most triplet-bearing mature C-IV ewes reared twins (43%) though many reared triplets (39%). Ewe reproductive efficiency can be enhanced in lower-input systems by utilizing additive breed effects and heterosis in a complimentary crossbreeding program. More research is needed to identify indicator traits associated with lamb survival and to derive appropriate levels of prolificacy to fit specific management constraints.