Terminal Station Research Articles

PIWS: Private Intersection Weighted Sum Protocol for Privacy-Preserving Score-Based Voting With Perfect Ballot Secrecy

This article proposes private intersection weighted sum (PIWS), a scalable, fair, and privacy-preserving intersection weighted sum protocol and applies it to voting scenarios. The PIWS protocol can privately calculate the intersection of identity index sets maintained by each participant and can privately calculate the weighted sum of the data associated with the identity indexes of the intersection set. After the execution of the protocol, both parties can only know the weighted sum, but not any additional information, such as any identity index or associated data of the other party. The PIWS protocol is very suitable for the privacy-preserving weighted voting scenarios and has three novel characteristics. First, it does not require as many semitrusted tally clerks as other protocols, which greatly reduces the deployment, communication, and calculation costs involved. It only requires the distributed deployment of voting servers and weight servers that are honest but curious. This is consistent with the deployment framework of the future big data application backgrounds. Second, perfect privacy protection and ballot secrecy are achieved. That is, the voting terminal or polling station provides encryption services for ballots immediately after each ballot is cast. All voting information is then expressed in ciphertext throughout the weighting and counting processes, until the final result of the weighted vote is passed to the voting server in the ciphertext. After decryption, the voting server only knows the results of the voting and it has no knowledge of the content or preference of the ballots, the privacy of the voters, or even the process of counting the votes. This design avoids the disclosure of voter privacy and ballot information, and the ciphertext form also prevents malicious users from cheating or tampering with voter or ballot information during the counting process. To better explain the security of our protocol, we present the provable security of the protocol under the honest-but-curious model and show the formal verification obtained using the Tamarin prover software. Third, our protocol not only achieves the function of an optional weighted voting protocol but also is relatively lightweight and efficient. The efficiency analysis results of the deployed voting system in terms of communication, storage, and calculation show that the protocol meets the requirements applicable to real-world applications. In summary, PIWS is superior to existing voting protocols in terms of function, security, and efficiency, and can be harmoniously applied to model updating of federated learning, consensus building of blockchain systems, or decision-making in artificial intelligence.

Sports medicine methodologies applied in occupational medicine: analyzing the workstations of video terminal operators

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional movement reconstruction systems, based on the use of infrared cameras capable of recognizing and capturing 3-D movement, are the standard in the biomechanical study of sporting actions. In this study, the knowledge and expertise inherent in sports medicine and engineering applied to sport were used for occupational risk assessment. In Italy, in 2020, muscularticular problems accounted for 69% of the problems reported to INAIL: these pathologies are correlated with bad posture. Using a methodology peculiar to sports medicine applied in the study of postural adjustment and gait analysis, therefore, the different working postures assumed at the video terminal typically employed by the staff of the leading international “E-commerce company” were subjected to analysis.METHODS: Four subjects (2 males and 2 females; age: 33.0± 12.9 years; stature 175.6± 0.07 cm; body weight 70.8± 8.87 kg) were evaluated in the laboratory of the Institute of Sports Medicine and Science of CONI by a three-dimensional optoelectronic system (SMART-DX 7000, BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy).RESULTS: The video terminal stations were characterized by three work surfaces of different heights: 73 cm for “sitting” positions, 100cm and 110cm for “standing” positions. The postures for the “sitting” position: 1) standard: correct posture as per D.Lgs.81/08; 2) leaning: with head bent forward towards the monitor; 3) slouching: “tired at the end of the day” and for the “standing” positions: 4) standard: correct posture; 5) leaning: with head bent forward towards the monitor. The angles (at knee, elbows, ankles, back created between C7-sacro-knee, head, visual, head-shoulder) and distances (forehead-monitor; acromion-monitor) were measured.CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the data collected compared the different postures with the standard sitting position, the normative term of reference. The best “standing” posture is the one that also includes a rest under one of the feet, which brings the angles studied closer to those of the standard position. The standing position alone, however, exposes the back to “overload” and, therefore, the use of a bar stool of between about 72 to 85 cm high is suggested. This paper demonstrates how the methodology of movement analysis typical of sports medicine integrates with the ergonomic assessment needs of occupational medicine, needs that are and will become increasingly important in the management of workers who are called upon to extend their careers well beyond the age of 60.

Using Quantum hybrid join prediction model to predict future trajectory motion during transit train movement

Predicting future train motion from the yard to the main track via an autonomous driving train is an essential task in a terminal railway station. Existing models fail to address the multiple agents that cross the track as the train transits. Still, there is available research in this area, such as how to predict scene-compliant trajectories across multiple agents jointly. The number of agents significantly increases prediction space as the number of challenges grows exponentially. This study focuses on joint motion prediction between an interacting agent and a transit train. The complex joint prediction problem is divided into marginal sub-prediction issues. In the joint prediction space where the marginal prediction model and conditional prediction model are processed, our Quantum Hybrid Joint Prediction (QHJP) model effectively classifies both influencers and reactors. The proposed model combined the interacting agent features to improve prediction likelihood at the joint relative motion. We test and analyse our model's effectiveness as subjected to the acquired database from publicly real-world surveillance camera records from terminal railway junctions. We recreate a simulation view of an authentic, interactive agent scenario and compare the evaluation result with the well-known prediction benchmark Waymo Open Motion (WOM) dataset for experimental purposes.

Export of organic carbon, nutrients and metals by the mid-sized Pechora River to the Arctic Ocean

In contrast to good knowledge of export fluxes of carbon and metals from mainland to the Arctic Ocean by large Arctic Rivers, information on mid-sized rivers is limited, which prevents determining current status and foreseeing future changes in riverine export induced by climate change. Here we focused on one of the ‘middle eight’ Arctic rivers. The Pechora River (Swatershed = 322,000 km2) is the second largest European Arctic river draining through boreal forest and peatlands with partial (∼ 40%) permafrost coverage. Over 4 consecutive years (2015–2019), we measured weekly to monthly concentrations of carbon, major nutrients, and 40 major and trace elements in filtered (< 0.45 μm) river water at the terminal gauging stations for the Pechora River. The dependences between dissolved element concentration and river discharge over the full period of observation revealed 3 groups of major and trace solutes according to their seasonal behavior. Group 1 was comprised of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), major anions (Cl, SO4), alkalis (Li, Na, K, Rb), alkaline-earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), elements present in the form of labile anions and neutral molecules (B, Si, Ge, Mo, Sb) and U. It demonstrated minimal concentrations during spring flooding and autumn high flow events, and maximal concentrations during winter base flow. Concentrations of these element negatively correlated with discharge. These elements primarily reflected the dominant sedimentary lithology of the Pechora catchment and were controlled by influx of underground waters hosted in carbonate rocks. Group 2 included DOC and low-mobility trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates (Be, Al, Ga, Y, REEs, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th) and some trace metals (V, Cr, Cs, Nb). The transport of these elements to the river from the catchment likely occurred via surface and shallow subsurface waters due to leaching from organic-rich litter layer, and their concentrations positively correlated with discharge. Finally, group 3 involved major- (P, N, K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo) and demonstrated features of both the 1st and 2nd groups as these elements originated from surface (organic-rich) and underground (sedimentary rock-hosted) sources and were removed by autochthonous biotic processes in the water column. As a result, the concentration of these nutrients exhibited a winter maximum and a summer minimum.Similar to other Arctic and subarctic rivers, the spring flood, which lasted from May to June, accounted for >50% of the annual export of DOC and generally insoluble trace metals. However, the winter baseflow provided sizable proportions of mobile elements such as DIC, major anions, cations, alkaline-earth elements, trace oxyanions and uranium. The size distribution of riverine solutes demonstrated 20–50% of DOC in the colloidal (3 kDa – 0.45 μm) form, dominance of low molecular forms (< 3 kDa) of soluble elements (alkali, alkaline earths, anions and neutral molecules) and essentially colloidal status of divalent metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni), trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates and U (from 30 to 93%). Seasonal variations in colloidal fractions of riverine solutes were consistent with the main mechanisms of element mobilization from the watershed to the Pechora River, as reflected in the 3 groups of elements according to their concentration – discharge relationship. Based on the present study and results of other mid-sized Arctic rivers (Severnaya Dvina, Taz), we demonstrate that mean discharges and solute concentrations in August can be used to adequately (± 20%) approximate mean annual values, hence allowing annual flux assessment via single month sampling campaign. A comparison of contemporary yields of Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, DIC and DOC against historical data for the Pechora River basin demonstrated reasonable agreement within the inter-annual variations that is consistent with long-term data series on other Arctic rivers.

Towards the modeling of the effect of turbulent water batches on the flow of slurries in horizontal pipes using CFD

The paper presents three-dimensional CFD analysis of two-phase water-slurry flows through horizontal pipes. The pulp is transported through batches separated by water to control the quality of the slurry flow. Water pushes the batch of the slurry to the terminal station and assures the separation between the different volumes of slurry in the case of several batches. To our knowledge, that is the first time such a study is conducted. Parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of simulation results to various input parameters and to determine appropriate default parameters and methodologies for predicting the different properties of concentration distribution of slurry flow through pipeline. Study of flow turbulence is the highlight of this paper as not many researchers have presented this aspect of slurry flows. It is observed during this study that turbulence prevents the settling of particles of slurry and its diffusion into the water. Further, the effect of turbulence is well observed with the extension of the VOF model that takes better account of the turbulent molecular diffusivity between the water and slurry phases.

Control and Protection Strategy Study of VSC Station Fault at Hybrid HVDC Transmission System

LCC-VSC UHV hybrid cascaded DC transmission system will face over-voltage problems caused by power surplus when receiving terminal VSC station fault occurs. An over-voltage suppression strategy based on the action input of a high-voltage controllable arrester and the stepwise blocking of non-fault VSC at the receiving end is proposed, and a dynamic simulation test system is built to verify that the stepwise blocking protection scheme can effectively reduce the DC voltage stress of fault VSC by about 25.9%. Based on the test results, the effectiveness of the over-voltage suppression scheme of VSC at the receiving end in practical projects can be demonstrated by analogy.

Train following model for urban rail transit performance analysis

In this paper we introduce a mesoscopic Train Following Model which accurately captures train interactions and predicts delays based on spacing between consecutive trains. The Train Following Model is applied recursively block by block estimating train trajectories given initial conditions (i.e. the trajectory of an initial train and dispatching headways of following trains from the terminal station). We validate the proposed model using data from the Red Line of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The results indicate that it accurately represents train operations under both normal and disrupted conditions. Based on the model developed, the impacts of factors such as service frequency, headway variations, passenger demand, and initial train delays on line performance (i.e. line throughput and train knock-on delays) are explored. The proposed Train Following Model is generic and can be developed based on readily available historical train tracking data. It is not as resource intensive as micro simulation models, while it can efficiently address the drawbacks of macro-scale analytical models and complex discrete algebraic models. The proposed model can be used to predict system performance either off-line or in real-time.

Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen storage and transportation from hydrogen plant to terminal refueling station

Economical hydrogen storage and transportation contribute to hydrogen energy utilization. In this paper, for economically distributing hydrogen from the hydrogen plant to the terminal hydrogen refueling station, considering the daily hydrogen demand and transportation distance, firstly a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the point-to-point hydrogen storage and transportation system based on compressed gas hydrogen (GH), liquid hydrogen (LH), pipeline hydrogen (PH), and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) is investigated, respectively. The optimal economical point-to-point energy storage and transportation modes under various transportation distance and daily hydrogen demand are obtained. Then the economic analysis of different hydrogen storage and transportation modes under 1-to-N hydrogen storage and transportation scenario is conducted, which can significantly decrease the cost of LH storage and transportation mode. To step further, the 1-to-N relay hydrogen storage and transportation scenario is constructed to improve the applicability and reduce the unit cost. The economic analysis of 14 kinds of feasible combinations of hydrogen storage and transportation modes is systematically assessed. Regarding to the transportation distance and daily hydrogen demand, the optimal economical 1-to-N relay energy storage and transportation modes are identified. This study may contribute to rationally design and application for economic hydrogen storage and transportation systems.

Operation of locomotives of diesel traction on hilly section of railway

The results of substantiation of the kinematic parameters of the logistics of freight trains and locomotives of diesel traction are presented, taking into account the stopping process at the intermediate and terminal stations of a virtual hilly section of the railway. Tabular and graphic data of the logistic kinematic parameters of the movement of the studied freight trains and locomotives of diesel traction are obtained, taking into account the organization of stops on a virtual hilly section of a high-speed railway, as well as regression equations for determining their of numerical values, which are recommended for implementation in the practice of the locomotive complex of the Uzbek railways.

Innovative Designs for Ultra-Modern Railway Stations, Elevated Greenfield Tracks, and Terminal Stations for Bullet and Inter-City Trains

Innovative Designs for Ultra-Modern Railway Stations, Elevated Greenfield Tracks, and Terminal Stations for Bullet and Inter-City Trains

A snap-shot assessment of carbon emission and export in a pristine river draining permafrost peatlands (Taz River, Western Siberia)

Mobilization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO2 from the frozen peat to surface waters in the permafrost zone of high latitude regions is expected to enhance under on-going permafrost thaw and active layer thickness deepening. Here we explored one of the most remote, pristine, unregulated and yet environmentally important rivers in western Siberia (Taz). This subarctic river drains through forested and tundra peat bogs over a gradient of permafrost and climate and likely acts as an important conduit of CO2 to the atmosphere and carbon and nutrient exporter to the Arctic Ocean. In a snapshot study during end of spring flood–beginning of summer baseflow (July 2019), we monitored daytime CO2 and CH4 concentrations and measured CO2 emissions using floating chambers in the main stem (700 km from the upper reaches to the mouth) and 16 main tributaries and we also assessed day/night variations in the emissions. We further tested the impact of land cover parameters of the watershed and tributaries. Based on regular monitoring of the terminal (gauging) station, we quantified the C export to the Arctic Ocean during the study period. We revealed sizable CO2 emissions from the main stem and tributaries (1.0 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.6 g C-CO2 m−2 d−1, respectively). The CO2 concentrations positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas the CH4 concentrations could be partially controlled by dissolved nutrients (N, P) and proportion of light coniferous forest at the watershed. The overall C emission from the water surfaces (4,845 km2) of the Taz basin (150,000 km2) during open water period (6 months, May to October) was estimated as 0.92 Tg C (&amp;gt;99.5% C-CO2, &amp;lt;0.5% C-CH4) which is twice higher than the total dissolved C (organic and inorganic) riverine export flux during the same period. Applying a “substituting space for time” approach for northern and southern parts of the river basin, we suggest that the current riverine CO2 emission may increase 2 to 3 fold in the next decades due to on-going climate warming and permafrost thaw. When integrating the obtained results into global models of C and biogeochemical cycle in the Arctic and subarctic region, the use of the Taz River as a representative example of continental planes should help to estimate the consequences of frozen peatland thaw on CO2 cycle in the Arctic and subarctic regions.

Analysis and research on the resonance of mobile phone shielding cabinet

In order to cut off the connection between the mobile terminal and mobile communication base stations or Wi-Fi, it is necessary to improve the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the mobile phone shielding cabinet. This paper analyzes the resonant characteristics of mobile phone shielding cabinets. The test method of electromagnetic shielding has been introduced. Through Maxwell wave equation and boundary conditions, the cavity resonant frequency of every small drawer on the mobile phone shielding cabinet has been derived, and the rectangular cavity research model was established. Using the high-frequency finite element method (FEM) simulation to calculate the cut-off frequency of the first 10-order high-order mode in the cavity, the resonant standing wave field distribution of every small drawer on the mobile phone shielding cabinet has been analyzed. This paper can offer a theory instruction for the product design of mobile phone shielding.

An Urban Bus Network Generation Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Force Field Properties

Due to continuous urban sprawl, large-scale bus network design has become a major challenge in urban transport planning. The continuous increase in urban population and scale makes the factors considered in the urban route network design increasingly complex. Contemporary public transportation network design problems are based more on efficiency goals such as the accessibility and comfort of the transportation network, which increases the difficulty of analyzing the problem. Bus network design is not only an NP-hard (nondeterministic polynomial) problem but also a multivariable and multiobjective problem. This paper focuses on the bivariate and multiobjective bus network design problem of route generation and station selection. This paper proposes an algorithm called the Pseudo Force Field. By combining the idea of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the properties of the force field, a feasible route generation scheme is provided for the design of the bus network. The algorithm does not need to determine the end station and has a high degree of completion of the demand. This solves the problem of the selection of terminal stations in large-scale road network design. On this basis, the article combines Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Pareto frontier to provide a new route optimization algorithm and proves the effectiveness of the algorithm. The model has achieved theoretical results in the design of the bus route network in the megacity of Shenzhen, China.

Simulating inter-individual contact in the inter-station passenger transfer system connecting multiple metro stations based on space–time path data

Determining passengers’ inter-individual contact in the metro station area (MSA) is an important issue to simulate and mitigate the spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Taking the inter-station passenger transfer system (IPTS) as an example, this study aimed to verify the passenger flows’ influence on the inter-individual contact around the MSA. Based on actual observed data, the passengers’ space–time paths (STP) in the network were obtained through an agent-based simulation. In this study, the direct contact model and the mediate contact model were used to describe the inter-individual contact in view of the passengers’ STP. The contact count and the exposure duration were defined as indicators to measure the contact degree of individual and the system. The results show that the time-varying trip distribution of the metro passengers significantly affected the inter-individual contact degree and the spatial distribution of contact risk region in the MSA. The intersection of passenger flow in different directions and the concentrated movement of passenger flow in the same direction increased the inter-individual contact and prolonged exposure in the morning. Through simulation experiments, the study verified the effects of controlling the flow direction and equalizing passenger flow generation measures aiming to reduce inter-individual contact and cumulative exposure duration.

Collaboration on Urban Regeneration: Perspectives Towards Transit-Oriented Development Between Local Entrepreneurs and Key Stakeholders in Salaya Sub-District, Thailand

This study focuses on the future changes to the urban form around the Salaya railway station, which will be developed as a terminal station of the Bangkok metro service. The purpose is to investigate stakeholder attitudes to the transit-oriented development (TOD) approach to the station premises. The attitudes of local businesses and key stakeholders to joint programs on infrastructure development and the surrounding area are identified as local businesses encouraging the collaborative urban regeneration program. The approach uses scenarios as a tool for participatory planning to help identify future applications, including a workshop in two parts. The first part was conducted using group interviews with local entrepreneurs to raise the idea of the collaborative urban regeneration program. The second part was an evaluation of the program by the three key stakeholder groups: municipality, railway operators, and real estate investors. The scenarios evaluated by the key stakeholders indicate the different attitudes to the collaborative urban regeneration program depending on the role of each stakeholder. The collaborative program developed by local entrepreneurs can be classified by economic and physical factors. The findings suggest a common aspect for future collaboration in marketing strategies, such as advertising representing localness, as both local entrepreneurs and key stakeholders mostly agreed on the program. Disagreement on collaborative urban regeneration depends more on the specific role of the company or organization.

Research on the Dilemma and Promotion of Grass-Roots Government Administrative Execution Force

Three points strategy and seven points implementation. The introduction of policy to the implementation of the target, the key lies in the middle of the implementation link. The grass-roots government is in the first line of policy implementation and serving the people. It is the "terminal station" of superior policy implementation and also the "starting station" reflected by grass-roots public opinion, which directly handles grass-roots administrative affairs. Therefore, how the administrative execution of the grass-roots government will directly affect the foundation of national governance. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the grass-roots government to find out the corresponding countermeasures.

Optimization of Train Operation Planning with Full-Length and Short-Turn Routes of Virtual Coupling Trains

Virtual coupling uses wireless communication instead of mechanical coupling to ensure that trains are easily reconnected or disconnected. This technology can shorten the interval time between trains, give full play to the carrying capacity of lines, and improve the service level of urban rail transit. This paper optimizes the train operation plan with full-length and short-turn routes of virtual coupling trains by establishing a two-level optimization model. The upper model is used to minimize passenger travel time and enterprise operation cost, and the lower model to optimize the equilibrium of train load rate on short-turn routes. Meanwhile, a method based on the genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. A case study of the Metro Line M has been carried out. The results can verify the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method. The full-length and short-turn routes of virtual coupling trains can effectively reduce passenger travel time, enterprise operating cost and the number of vehicles, and improve the average load factor of the trains. Finally, sensitivity analyses are performed using three parameters which include departure frequency of the full-length train and short-turn train, starting and terminal station of short-turn route, and number of marshalled vehicles of the full-length train and short-turn train.

Clustered and Distributed Caching Methods for F-RAN-Based mmWave Communications

Fog-radio access networks (F-RANs) alleviate fronthaul delays for cellular networks as compared to their cloud counterparts. This allows them to be suitable solutions for networks that demand low propagation delays. Namely, they are suitable for millimeter wave (mmWave) operations that suffer from short propagation distances and possess a poor scattering environment (low channel ranks). The F-RAN here is comprised of fog nodes that are collocated with radio remote heads (RRHs) to provide local processing capabilities for mobile station (MS) terminals. These terminals demand various network functions (NFs) that correspond to different service requests. Now, provisioning these NFs on the fog nodes also yields service delays due to the requirement for service migration from the cloud, i.e., offloading to the fog nodes. One solution to reduce this service delay is to provide cached copies of popular NFs in advance. Hence, it is critical to study function popularity and allow for content caching at the F-RAN. This is further a necessity given the limited resources at the fog nodes, thus requiring efficient resource management to enhance network capacity at reduced power and cost penalty. This paper proposes novel solutions that allocate popular NFs on the fog nodes to accelerate services for the terminals, namely, the clustered and distributed caching methods. The two methods are analyzed and compared against the baseline uncached provisioning schemes in terms of service delay, energy consumption, and cost.

Construction Technology of Tall Formwork in Inland Terminal Bulk Cargo Corridor Transfer Station

Construction Technology of Tall Formwork in Inland Terminal Bulk Cargo Corridor Transfer Station

Research on entropy weight multiple criteria decision‐making evaluation of metro network vulnerability

AbstractWhen the subway network system has insufficient resilience and strong vulnerability, the network operation function will be greatly attenuated or even lost due to the failure of key nodes or lines. Evaluating the vulnerability of the metro network is one of the keys to prevent and control risks. This paper proposes an entropy weight multiple criteria decision‐making evaluation method that combines the vulnerability indexes of agglomeration, network efficiency, and network traffic with the multiple criteria decision‐making method, classifies the vulnerability of subway stations with a clustering idea, and analyzes the most vulnerable area of the Beijing Metro network with the Newman fast algorithm. The results show that this method can evaluate the node vulnerability of metro networks more accurately and effectively by considering the topological vulnerability, functional vulnerability, and human flow function vulnerability of the networks. According to the node vulnerability value, the stations can be divided into five grades: The station at the intersection of the loop and radial lines and its adjacent stations have a higher vulnerability level. The vulnerability level of the downtown core area and suburban line terminal stations is relatively low, and the areas with the greatest vulnerability of the Beijing Metro network are mainly located on the east and west sides of the core city.