Terminal Setae Research Articles

Carpoapseudes heardi N. Sp. (Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from Caribbean Waters Near Tobago

Carpoapseudes heardi n. sp. is described from samples collected from depths of 421 and 537 m off Tobago and is the first Caribbean record for the genus. The new species bears a resemblance to Carpoapseudes serratospinosus Lang, 1968 and other related species in the shortened dactylus unguis combination of pereopod 1, but has parallel eyespines like Carpoapseudes bacescui Guţu, 1975 and Carpoapseudes simplicirostris (Norman and Stebbing, 1886). Other diagnostic characters include pereopods 2 and 3 with basal spurs, labrum with paired lobes, labial palp with two terminal setae, maxillipedal bases with outer crenulations, and pleopods with 1-articled rami. It was found to lack an epistomal spine and has an unusual form of the third pereopod short propodal spine.

Antennular morphology of the cypris larvae of the mangrove barnacle Fistulobalanus albicostatus (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Balanomorpha)

Previous studies on the ultrastructure of barnacle cypris larvae suggest that cypris morphology, especially the antennules which play a key role in selecting the final substratum for settlement, may show variations between species existing in different habitats. In the present study, the cypris morphology of the barnacle Fistulobalanus (Balanus) albicostatus, which predominantly lives on trunks of mangrove trees was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of species from other habitats that have already been described. The antennular segments II and III of F. albicostatus each bear one post-axial seta. The third segment consists of an attachment disc surrounded by a thin cuticular velum and the fourth segment exhibits four sub-terminal setae and five terminal setae. The morphology of the cypris antennules of F. albicostatus is similar to other balanomorph barnacles which inhabit hard shores, revealing that the antennular morphology does not have diagnostic variations between species from the different intertidal habitats. The morphology of the caudal rami (used in the evaluation of the substratum microtopography), however, appears to vary among barnacles living on different substrata.

Cypris Larvae inPolysaccus MediterraneusandMycetomorpha Vancouverensis: Their Importance in Analyzing the Phylogeny and Sexual Evolution of Parasitic Barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)

We used SEM to investigate the cypris larvae in two species of parasitic barnacles, Polysaccus mediterraneus (Polysaccidae) from the eastern Mediterranean and Mycetomorpha vancouverensis (Mycetomorphidae) from the northern Pacific. Both species belong to the rhizocephalan suborder Akentrogonida and have morphologies of the adult parasite that greatly differ from that seen in the "classical" suborder Kentrogonida. In contrast, both P. mediterraneus and M. vancouverensis have cypris larvae that are remarkably similar to those of the Kentrogonida. For both species, similarities include the presence of aesthetascs on the third and fourth antennular segments and a spinous process distally on the attachment disc. For P. mediterraneus additional similarities to the kentrogonid cyprids are terminal pores in the lattice organs, frontal horn gland pores, frontal filaments, and four terminal setae on the fourth antennular segment. Cyprids of Mycetomorpha have, like most other Akentrogonida, either lost or specialized (terminal setae) these structures. Compared to the stereotyped life cycle found in the Kentrogonida, species of the Akentrogonida have a diversity of reproductive systems and advanced modes of metamorphosis, and this is reflected in specializations of their cyprids. The larval morphologies of P. mediterraneus and M. vancouverensis suggest that these two species have a sexual system and life cycle much closer to that seen in the Kentrogonida. Our results show that adult and larval morphologies are not closely correlated in the Rhizocephala, and provide important information for tracing how the Akentrogonida originated and radiated from within a paraphyletic Kentrogonida.

Poecilostomatoid copepods (rhynchomolgidae) associated with sea anemones (actiniaria) from Korea

Abstract Lichomolgus panikkari Gnanamuthu, 1955 (= Indomolgus panikkari), an incompletely known species, is redescribed based on a male specimen found newly from the Yellow Sea. A new genus of copepods, Lutumidomus, is proposed to incorporate Lichomolgus panikkari, Notoxynus tertius Kim, 2000, and Lutumidomus parvus n. sp., all associated with sea anemones. The new genus is differentiated from the related genera by a combination of characters that the antenna is 4‐segmented, with a claw and an enlarged seta in addition to other setae on the fourth segment, the third endopodal segment of leg 3 is armed with two spines and two setae, the second endopodal segment of leg 4 is armed with two spines and three setae, and the maxillule is armed with two terminal setae. Paramolgus nudipes n. sp. and Verutipes scutatus n. sp. are also described as associates of sea anemones from Korean seas.

A review of the genus Amphimonhystera Allgén, 1929 (Monhysterida: Xyalidae, Marine Freeliving Nematodes) with description of three new species

Four of the six known Amphimonhystera species are either redescribed or described including, A. galea Fadeeva, 1984, A. marisalbi sp. n., A. molloyensis sp. n. and A. pallida sp. n. (the two former species from the White Sea, Northern Russia and the two latter species from the Arctic deep sea). Generic diagnosis is emended and a pictorial key for identification of Amphimonhystera species is constructed. Characters of Amphimonhystera and some problems with Xyalidae taxonomy are discussed. Generotype A. anechma differs significantly from the other five Amphimonhystera species by having a tail tip devoid of terminal setae. A. marisalbi sp. n. is most similar to A. galea in general appearance and structural characters but differs from the latter by very low inner labial sensilla, lesser number of setae in the cephalic crown as well as by shorter setae of the cephalic crown and tail terminal setae. A. molloyensis sp. n. is distinctly separated from both A. galea and A. pallida sp. n. by very short setae of the cephalic circle and by proximal position of the amphids. A. pallida sp. n. differs from the more similar A. molloyensis sp. n. by a smaller and less elongate amphid and a longer distance from the anterior end to the amphid. The differences between A. pallida sp. n. and A. galea are shorter setae of the cephalic circle and a longer distance from the anterior end to the amphid.

New records of rare males of Cryptocandona vavrai Kaufmann, 1900 (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with further additions to the description of the species

Three males of Cryptocandona vavrai were discovered in geographically distant sites (UK, France, Romania), representing different environments (surface and underground waters). The species may be considered a parthenogen with rare occurrence of single males, the morphology of which was hitherto poorly known. The first complete description of males is given, which, together with comparative descriptions of females from surface waters at the UK site and underground waters at an additional site in eastern France, as well as consideration of the shape and size of the last juvenile stages, permits the presentation of a more complete description and an amended diagnosis of the species. Cryptocandona vavrai takes an intermediate position in the genus, lodged between stygobitic species and the cluster of more primitive C. reducta and C. brehmi. Due to a number of traits (broad calcified inner lamella of the valves, 3rd ramus podomere of the antennule lacking the posterior seta, hook-like shortest terminal seta of the cleaning leg, specific morphology of the male prehensile palps and hemipenis lobes) C. vavrai is fairly easily recognised, although there seems to be considerable intraspecific variation. The comparison between females from surface and underground waters revealed substantial elongation of the apical antennal claws, aesthetascs and the distal claw of the walking leg in the latter population. The major difference recorded among the compared males is the underdevelopment of the external claw z 2 on the 3rd endopodial podomere of the antenna in the male from the underground waters in Romania. The revealed variation could indicate that some populations may deserve a separate (sub-specific) taxonomic status. Finally, available data on the distribution and ecology of this species are summarised.

A new species of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Chile, Lamprops kensleyi

ABSTRACT A new species, Lamprops kensleyi, is described based on specimens collected from southern Chile. This is the first unambiguous record of the genus from the southern hemisphere. Lamprops kensleyi is distinguished from all other members of the genus by the combination of an unornamented carapace and 3 terminal setae on the telson.

Two New Species of Ochridacyclops (Kiefer, 1937) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Kenya and Nepal

Two species of cyclopoid copepods, Ochridacyclops kenyaensis sp. nov. and O. nepalensis sp. nov. are described as the first records of this genus from Kenya and Nepal, respectively. Ochridacyclops kenyaensis can easily be distinguished from its congeners by having a rounded and blunt distal end of the outer terminal seta (IV) on the caudal rami, and by the inner terminal spine being about equal in length to the outer terminal spine on the endopod of leg 4. Ochridacyclops nepalensis can easily be distinguished from other members of the genus by having two spines on exopodal segment 3 of leg 1, and by the proportions of the caudal rami, which are 3.4 times longer than wide.

Nebalia kensleyi, a new species of leptostracan (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from Tomales Bay, California

A new species of leptostracan, Nebalia kensleyi, is described from the coast of central California. It differs from other species of Nebalia most notably in the shape and color of the pigmented region of the eyes, armature of the antennule and antenna, extent that the carapace covers the abdominal somites, epimeron of pereonite 4, dentition of the protopod of the third and fourth pleopod, details of the pleonite border spination, and length of the terminal seta of the caudal furca.

Phosphatocopina – ostracode-like sister group of Eucrustacea

The Phosphatocopina were long considered as the oldest, Cambrian, record of ostracode Crustacea. However, our detailed analysis of more than 2,500 specimens from the Upper Cambrian ‘Orsten’ of Sweden reveals that Phosphatocopina are neither Ostracoda nor Eucrustacea. The antenna and mandible of the phosphatocopines investigated consist of a prominent limb stem which carries a two-segmented endopod and multi-annulated exopod. This stem portion is now recognised as the fusion product of the coxa and basipod during ontogeny. Phosphatocopina share features, such as the coxa and basipod on antennae and mandibles, as well as ventral body structures such as the prominent pre-oral labrum and a single post-oral cephalic plate, the sternum (with paragnaths on the mandibular sternal portion), exclusively with the Eucrustacea. As a plesiomorphy, the ontogeny of Phosphatocopina starts with a ‘head larva’ with four pairs of limbs, a larva type found in the ground pattern of the Euarthropoda as well as the Crustacea. In contrast, eucrustacean ontogeny begins with a nauplius with three pairs of limbs, a ‘short-head larva’ or orthonauplius. Again, the post-mandibular limbs of phosphatocopines retain the plesiomorphic limb design of a basipod with a setiferous ‘ proximal endite’, whereas Eucrustacea, including the Ostracoda, have their first post-mandibular limb differentiated into a ‘ mouthpart’, the maxillula. Autapomorphies of Phosphatocopina include the small antennula with few terminal setae, a bivalved shield with interdorsum, and the fused coxa and basipod on antenna and mandible. We therefore consider the Phosphatocopina to be the sister group of the Eucrustacea. The respective phosphatocopine species of the Upper Cambrian of southern Sweden are restricted to a particular time zone and may be useful as stratigraphic markers.

Genetic Isolation Discovered among Previously Described Sympatric Morphs of a Meiobenthic Copepod

We sampled female Nannopus palustris Brady, 1880, from the North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, U.S.A., monthly for a year to determine seasonal variation in a female polymorphism previously described. Two fat morphs (one with a notched and one with a straight basal region of the terminal seta of the caudal ramus) and a thin-bodied, previously unknown, morph were present sympatrically in different relative frequencies throughout the year. Total abundances peaked in February and were lowest in the summer. All three morphs differed significantly in width, but only females with notched terminal setae were significantly shorter in body length than thin and fat females. Genetic analyses of mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (D3 expansion segment of 28S rDNA) genes demonstrated that the females with notched terminal setae were distinct from the thin and fat females with straight terminal setae, and the latter two shared common alleles. Concordance between mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees supports that notched females are a separate species from the thin and fat forms with straight terminal setae. We have yet to find a male with a notched basal region of its principle terminal setae or any male sharing alleles in common with notched females.

Bemisia tabaci

<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>

Antennulary sensory organs in cyprids of Octolasmis and Lepas (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Cirripedia: Thoracica): A scanning electron microscopic study

Cypris larvae of the pedunculate barnacles Octolasmis angulata (Poecilasmatidae), Lepas australis, L. pectinata, and Dosima fascicularis (Lepadidae) were studied with scanning electron microscopy, focusing on the sensory setae and the attachment disc on the antennules. The antennules of O. angulata did not exhibit any remarkable trait, but carry the same number of setae as seen in most other thoracicans. The third segment is bell-shaped and quite distinct from the second and its attachment disc is surrounded by a skirt. We found several potential synapomorphies in antennulary morphology between cyprids of the lepadid species but none of them were shared with the cyprids of Octolasmis; the list of unique lepadid characters includes: one additional, preaxial seta on the second segment; multiple similar (up to eight) postaxial setae (PS3) on the third segment, unlike all other thoracicans, where there is only a single PS3; the third segment consists almost entirely of the attachment disc, which is distended and surrounded by two parallel rows of radial setae; on the fourth segment the terminal seta E is diminutive. We found no traits in cyprids of Octolasmis that seem to be adaptations to their attachment site within the branchial chamber of swimming crabs and, in particular, no similarities with cyprids of rhizocephalan barnacles, many of which also attach in the gill chamber. The synapomorphies between cyprids of the lepadid species may be adaptations to their life in the neuston.

Larval Development of the Mangrove Sesarmid Crab Neosarmatium Trispinosum (Brachyura: Grapsoidea) Described from Laboratory-Reared Material

Abstract The larvae of the mangrove sesarmid crab Neosarmatium indicum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868), were reared in the laboratory. Five zoeal stages and one megalopa are described in detail and illustrated. Morphologically, the first zoea of N. indicum is similar to those of other species of Neosarmatium, as well as species of the family Sesarmidae, in that they share most of the following characters: no lateral carapace spines, five setae on the endopod of the maxilla, and four terminal setae on the distal segment of the mandibular palp in the megalopal stage. The differences between the first zoea and the megalopa of N. indicum and those of its related sesarmid species are discussed briefly.

Quercus nixoniana (Fagaceae), una Nueva Especie de la Seccion Lobatae, de la Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

Quercus nixoniana is described as a new species from the states of Jalisco, Guerrero, and Oaxaca at Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico. It is included in Quercus sect. Lobatae Loudon (red oaks) because of the leaves with a terminal seta, the tomentose endocarp, and the base of the pistil- late perianth free, forming a skirt or flange. It re- sembles Q. salicifolia Nee and Q. crispifolia Tre- lease in the lanceolate blade, indument, and canescent acorns. A key for distinguishing the three taxa is included.

Marine cave mysids of the genus Palaumysis (Crustacea: Mysidacea), with a description of a new species from the Philippines

The genus Palaumysis (Crustacea: Mysidacea) was established by Bacescu and Iliffe (1986b) to accommodate the marine cave mysid P. simonae and currently contains only the sole type species. Re-examination of the paratypes of P. simonae and further specimens from the Palau Islands has shown that this species possesses a rudimentary antennal scale, as opposed to having no scale according to the original description, resulting in a substantial revision of the genus, and also provides new information for this poorly known mysid. Furthermore, a second species, P. philippinensis sp. nov., is reported from a submarine cave on the Philippines. The new species differs from P. simonae in having the carapace with a small unfused lobe posteroventrally, the inner flagellum of the antennule consisting of five segments and the antennal scale with a long terminal seta. Larval forms of the new species in the marsupium are also illustrated.

Early zoeas of two snapping shrimpsAlpheus digitalisde Haan, 1850 andalpheus japonicusMiers, 1879 (de capo da, Caridea, Alpheidae) with notes on the larval character of the Alpheidae

Early zoeal stages of two snapping shrimps Alpheus digitalis De Haan, 1850 and Alpheus japonicus Miers, 1879 are described and illustrated in detail for the first time based on the laboratory‐reared materials. The first zoeas of Alpheus are more related to those of Vexillipar than to Athanas, Automate, and Synalpheus by having rostrum absent, the tip of the endopod of the antenna with a long plumose seta as well as a spine, the endopod of the maxilla with a basal and two terminal setae, the exopod of the maxilla shorter than the endopod, and the endopod of the second maxilliped with a seta on the proximal segment. A list of larval descriptions and described stages of the Alpheidae reported from Indo‐West Pacific waters are included.

Larval Development of the Mangrove Sesarmid Crab Neosarmatium Indicum (Brachyura: Grapsoidea) Described from Laboratory-Reared Material

The larvae of the mangrove sesarmid crab Neosarmatium indicum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868), were reared in the laboratory. Five zoeal stages and one megalopa are described in detail and illustrated. Morphologically, the first zoea of N. indicum is similar to those of other species of Neosarmatium, as well as species of the family Sesarmidae, in that they share most of the following characters: no lateral carapace spines, five setae on the endopod of the maxilla, and four terminal setae on the distal segment of the mandibular palp in the megalopal stage. The differences between the first zoea and the megalopa of N. indicum and those of its related sesarmid species are discussed briefly.

Trioza flixiana sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new jumping plant-louse species from Central Europe

louse species from Central Europe. - Trioza flixiana sp. n. is described from several localities in Switzerland. The species is closely related to T. cirsii from which it differs in details of the male paramere, the aedeagal apex, the female proctiger, the antennal colour and the longer terminal setae on antennal segment 10. Larvae are so far unknown.

On abyssal isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota) from the Angola Basin: Eurycope tumidicarpus n. sp. and redescription of Acanthocope galathea Wolff, 1962

Rich samples of benthic Peracarida collected from abyssal plains of the Angola Basin (South Atlantic) contained several new and rare asellote isopods. In this contribution, Eurycope tumidicarpus n. sp. is described from well-preserved specimens. This species is remarkable because the second pereopod has an enlarged carpus, and pereopod 4 is shaped like the posterior swimming legs. New specimens of Acanthocope galathea Wolff, 1962 (Fig. 1a) are used for a redescription, hitherto unknown characters of the male are shown. Diagnosis of Eurycope tumidicarpus n. sp. (Fig. 1b–g): Species with the diagnostic characters of Eurycope Sars, 1864 (see Wilson & Hessler 1981, Wägele 1989, Wilson 1989). Rostrum present but short, rounded, with two setae; width of cephalothorax about 0.7 of maximal body width; pereonite 5 about as long as pereonite 6 and with roughly parallel lateral margins, with rounded posterior edges; pereonite 7 more than twice length of pereonite 6; pleotelson wider than long, about as long as pereonite 7, without lateral or terminal projections, tip bent downward. Broad antennular article 1 three times wider than second article, with medial lobe bearing apically 4 spines, second article as long as first article. Carpus of pereopod 2 widened, broadly oval. Ischium, carpus, and propodus of pereopod 4 somewhat expanded and furnished with swimming setae, merus with a single swimming seta. Male pleopod 1 medially with 5 hemiplumose setae on ventral surface, distal tip of inner apical lobes rounded. Pleopod 2 with 7 proximolateral hemiplumose setae, protopod apically with small distal projection (vermiform appendage) bearing 2 short, hemiplumose terminal setae. Uropodal protopod with rounded medial projection, exopod smaller than half length of endopod. Types and locality: Holotype male (Zoological Museum Berlin Nr. 27400), 3.59 mm, collected from station St.350 on cruise M48/1 with RV “Meteor” (16°13.3′S 05°26.8′E – 16°14.9′S 05°26.7′ E, depth 5389 m). Paratype male (Zoological Museum Berlin Nr. 27400), 3.9 mm, from St.348 (16°17.1′S 05°27.3′E – 16°19.3′S 05°27.2′E, 5389-5387 m).