Terminal Parts Research Articles

Coarse-Grained Simulation of Rodlike Higher-Order Quadruplex Structures at Different Salt Concentrations.

We present a coarse-grained (CG) model of a rodlike higher-order quadruplex with explicit monovalent salts, which was developed from radial distribution functions of an underlying reference atomistic molecular dynamics simulation using inverse Monte Carlo technique. This work improves our previous CG model and extends its applicability beyond the minimal salt conditions, allowing its use at variable ionic strengths. The strategies necessary for the model development are clearly explained and discussed. The effects of the number of stacked quadruplexes and varied salt concentration on the elasticity of the rodlike higher-order quadruplex structures are analyzed. The CG model reproduces the deformations of the terminal parts in agreement with experimental observations without introducing any special parameters for terminal beads and reveals slight differences in the rise and twist of the G-quartet arrangement along the studied biopolymer. The conclusions of our study can be generalized for other G-quartet-based structures.

Design and investigation of calamatic liquid crystals: Schiff base (‒CH˭N), chalcone (‒CO‒CH˭CH‒), and ester (‒COO‒) linkage group contain rigid rod shape with various terminal parts

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Mechanism of Subordinate Peak Skewing of FBG Sensor during Cracks Propagation Monitoring on Aluminum Alloy Structure

This study investigates the variety of the spectra features of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) around the crack tip during fatigue crack propagation. The study results reveal that the turning of the subordinate peak is significantly associated with crack lengths and corresponds to strain gradient along the FBG. Meanwhile, the strain distribution sensed by the FBG changes with the sensing section of the grating. FBG sensors could observe the monotonic plastic zone ahead of the fatigue crack tip. The cubic strain is distributed along the grating, with monotonic plastic zone propagation at the initial and terminal part of the grating, at approximately a 30% ratio of the entire grating. However, the monotonic plastic zone is sensed by the FBG, at ±15% bias of the grating center, with the quadratic strain gradient pattern along the grating. In particular, when the initial and terminal parts of the grating experience highly inhomogeneous strain distribution, the spectrum distortion occurs.

Antibodies to H1 histone from the sera of HIV-infected patients recognize and catalyze site-specific degradation of this histone.

Histones and their posttranslational modifications have key roles in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. Besides intranuclear functions, histones act as damage-associated molecules when they are released into the extracellular space. Administration of histones to animals leads to systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Autoantibodies with enzymatic activities (abzymes) are distinctive feature of some autoimmune and viral diseases. Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgGs containing no canonical enzymes were isolated from sera of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by chromatography on several affinity sorbents. In contrast to canonical proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and proteinase K), IgGs from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose containing immobilized histones specifically recognized and hydrolyzed only histones but not many other tested globular proteins. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, the sites of H1 histone (193 amino acids [AAs]) cleavage by anti-H1 histone IgGs were determined for the first time. It was shown that 1 cluster of 2 major and 4 moderate sites of cleavage is located at the beginning (106-112 AAs) of the known antigenic determinants disposed at the long C-terminal sequence of H1. Two clusters of minor and very weak sites of the protein cleavage correspond to middle (8 sites, 138-158 AAs) and terminal (5 sites, 166-176 AAs) parts of the antigenic determinants. It was shown that in contrast to canonical proteases, N-terminal part of H1 histone (1-136 AAs) containing no antigenic determinants is an unpredictably very resistant against hydrolysis by abzymes, while it can be easily cleavage by canonical proteases. Because histones act as damage-associated molecules, abzymes against H1 and other histones can play important role in pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and probably other different diseases.

Maximum cycle work output optimization for generalized radiative law Otto cycle engines

An Otto cycle internal combustion engine which includes thermal and friction losses is investigated by finite-time thermodynamics, and the optimization objective is the maximum cycle work output. The thermal energy transfer from the working substance to the cylinder inner wall follows the generalized radiative law ( $q\propto\Delta (T^{n})$ ). Under the condition that all of the fuel consumption, the compression ratio and the cycle period are given, the optimal piston trajectories for both the examples with unlimited and limited accelerations on every stroke are determined, and the cycle-period distribution among all strokes is also optimized. Numerical calculation results for the case of radiative law are provided and compared with those obtained for the cases of Newtonian law and linear phenomenological law. The results indicate that the optimal piston trajectory on each stroke contains three sections, which consist of an original maximum-acceleration and a terminal maximum-deceleration parts; for the case of radiative law, optimizing the piston motion path can achieve an improvement of more than 20% in both the cycle-work output and the second-law efficiency of the Otto cycle compared with the conventional near-sinusoidal operation, and heat transfer mechanisms have both qualitative and quantitative influences on the optimal paths of piston movements.

Mathematical aspects of the kinetics of formation and degradation of linear peptide or protein aggregates

In cells, peptides and proteins are sometimes prone to aggregation. In neurons, for example, amyloid β peptides form plaques related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The corresponding kinetic models either ignore or do not pay attention to degradation of these species. Here, the author proposes a generic kinetic model describing formation and degradation of linear aggregates. The process is assumed to occur via reversible association of monomers and attachment of monomers to or detachment from terminal parts of aggregates. Degradation of monomers is described as a first-order process. Degradation of aggregates is considered to occur at their terminal and internal parts with different rates and these steps are described by first-order equations as well. Irrespective of the choice of the values of the rate constants, the model predicts that eventually the system reaches a stable steady state with the aggregate populations rapidly decreasing with increasing size at large sizes. The corresponding steady-state size distributions of aggregates are illustrated in detail. The transient kinetics are also shown. The observation of AD appears, however, to indicate that the peptide production becomes eventually unstable, i.e., the growth of the peptide population is not properly limited. This is expected to be related to the specifics of the genetic networks controlling the peptide production. Following this line, two likely general networks with, respectively, global negative and positive feedbacks in the peptide production are briefly discussed.

The clinal variation of metacentric frequency in the populations of the common shrew, Sorex araneus L., in the Dnieper and Pripyat interfluve

The common shrew, Sorex araneus, is characterized by an exclusive polymorphism for Robertsonian translocations. Karyotypes of more than 70 chromosomal races of S. araneus differ from each other in composition and number of metacentrics resulting from Rb translocations which involve ten pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. The karyotype with ten pairs of acrocentric chromosomes is regarded as the initial in evolution of this species. Such acrocentric karyotype is characteristic of two chromosomal races in mountain isolates. Shrews with acrocentric karyotype have not been detected in polymorphic populations of Europe. Analysis of the chromosome polymorphism of the S. araneus in the Dnieper–Pripyat interfluve has demonstrated frequency clines for the specific metacentrics of three chromosomal races, namely the Bialowieza, Kiev, and West Dvina races. The individuals with ten acrocentric chromosome pairs were revealed for the first time in the polymorphic populations in the terminal cline parts of the Kiev and West Dvina races and in contact zone between the Bialowieza and Kiev races. Two hypotheses are being discussed to explain the clinal variation of the frequency of three race metacentrics: (1) “acrocentric peak” in contact zone of metacentric races and (2) hybridization between the metacentric races and the acrocentric race which might exist in the Dnieper basin in the past.

Recent advances in AIE polymers

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers are a series of novel luminescent materials. These materials have experienced an exponential growth of research interests and are rapidly developing into an emerging field. AIE polymers boast high aggregated-state emissions, diverse structures and the use of various synthetic methods for preparation; they also demonstrate good solubility and processability compared with AIE small molecules. Furthermore, additional functionalities can be introduced into AIE polymers through a large number of simple and convenient synthetic strategies. Great progress has been made after the publication of a comprehensive review on AIE macromolecules. Herein, the newly developed AIE polymer systems are summarized, with an emphasis on the synthetic methods used to generate the polymers and their structures and applications. The structural design and synthetic approaches of a series of functional nonconjugated or conjugated AIE linear polymers with AIEgens on the side chains or main chains, as well as star-shaped or hyperbranched AIE polymers with AIEgens on the core or terminal parts are discussed. The advanced performance of AIE polymers in a series of practical applications, such as fluorescent sensors, stimuli-responsive materials, biological applications, porous materials and circularly polarized luminescence, is also introduced. The rapid development and large variety of potential applications of AIE polymers have demonstrated that this prosperous and promising field presents great opportunities. The recent advances of AIE polymers, including structural design, synthetic approaches and practical applications have been summarized. A series of functional nonconjugated or conjugated AIE linear polymers with AIEgens on the side chains or main chains, and star-shaped or hyperbranched AIE polymers with AIEgens on the core or terminal parts are introduced. Their performances in a series of practical applications such as fluorescent sensors, stimuli-responsive materials, biological applications, porous materials and circularly polarized luminescence are updated.

Screening and chromosome localization of two cotton BAC clones

Two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones (350B21 and 299N22) of Pima 90-53 cotton [Gossypium barbadense Linnaeus, 1753 (2n=4x=52)] were screened from a BAC library using SSR markers. Strong hybridization signals were detected at terminal regions of all A genome (sub-genome) chromosomes, but were almost absent in D genome (sub-genome) chromosomes with BAC clone 350B21 as the probe. The results indicate that specific sequences, which only exist at the terminal parts of A genome (sub-genome) chromosomes with a huge repeat number, may be contained in BAC clone 350B21. When utilizing FISH with the BAC clone 299N22 as probe, a pair of obvious signals was detected on chromosome 13 of D genome (sub-genome), while strong dispersed signals were detected on all A genome (sub-genome) chromosomes. The results showed that peculiar repetitive sequence, which was distributed throughout all A genome (sub-genome) chromosomes, may exist in BAC clone 299N22. The absence of the repetitive sequences, which exist in the two BAC clones, in D genome may account for the genome-size variation between A and D genomes. In addition, the microcolinearity analysis of the clone 299N22 and its homologous region on Gossypium raimondii Ulbrich, 1932 chromosome 13 (D513) indicated that the clone 299N22 might come from A sub-genome of sea island cotton (Gossypium barbadense), and a huge number of small deletions, illegitimate recombination, translocation and rearrangements may have occurred during the genus evolution. The two BAC clones studied here can be used as cytological markers but will be also be helpful to research in cotton genome evolution and comparative genomics.

Potential of Mass Spectrometry in Developing Clinical Laboratory Biomarkers of Nonvolatiles in Exhaled Breath

Exhaled breath contains nonvolatile substances that are part of aerosol particles of submicrometer size. These particles are formed and exhaled as a result of normal breathing and contain material from distal airways of the respiratory system. Exhaled breath can be used to monitor biomarkers of both endogenous and exogenous origin and constitutes an attractive specimen for medical investigations. This review summarizes the present status regarding potential biomarkers of nonvolatile compounds in exhaled breath. The field of exhaled breath condensate is briefly reviewed, together with more recent work on more selective collection procedures for exhaled particles. The relation of these particles to the surfactant in the terminal parts of the respiratory system is described. The literature on potential endogenous low molecular weight compounds as well as protein biomarkers is reviewed. The possibility to measure exposure to therapeutic and abused drugs is demonstrated. Finally, the potential future role and importance of mass spectrometry is discussed. Nonvolatile compounds exit the lung as aerosol particles that can be sampled easily and selectively. The clinical applications of potential biomarkers in exhaled breath comprise diagnosis of disease, monitoring of disease progress, monitoring of drug therapy, and toxicological investigations.

Tortuosity of forearm arteries in adult Indian cadavers

Radial arteries are increasingly being used now a days for percutaneous coronary intervention, however this procedure encounters a high failure rate due to radial artery variations especially its tortuosity. Although clinical cases of syndromes like Guyon’s canal syndrome and arm vibration syndrome have been ascribed to the tortuosity of ulnar artery but a systematic study on ulnar artery tortuosity is wanting. The present study was conducted in Sixty one embalmed upper limbs, to report the tortuous character in different segments of forearm arteries. The radial artery was found to be tortuous in about 12 per cent of the limbs. This tortuous character was more pronounced on the bony bed of the radial artery near the wrist joint. The ulnar artery was found to be tortuous in about 23% of the limbs, proximal and distal to the Guyon’s canal and in 16% limbs within and adjoining the canal. In the present study it was observed that the superficial segment, the segments which are subject to traction and terminal parts of the arteries are more tortuous. This may be a response to- a) regulate the pressure and b) a result of reduced elastic tissue in the vessel wall.

Substratum morphology and significance during the Weichselian Odra ice lobe advance in northeast Germany and northwest Poland

Abstract In the Polish Lowlands, three main ice lobes, referred to as Odra, Vistula and Mazury, formed during the Last Scandinavian Glaciation. These lobes protruded at least several kilometres beyond the main ice margin and it is believed that they represent terminal parts of the ice streams. Applied geostatistical analysis based on numerous geological data has allowed an approximate reconstruction of the Odra ice lobe substratum in the area of northwest Poland and northeast Germany. A spatial representation of the Odra lobe substratum clearly illustrates the adverse slope of the glacier bed, but also indicates areas morphologically prone to ice streaming. It is suggested that the ice took advantage of local topography that enabled advance out of the Baltic basin; consequently, the ice followed a topographic low which, in combination with favourable hydraulic conditions of its substratum, likely initiated ice streaming.

Comparative morphology of the distal segments of Malpighian tubules in cicadas and spittlebugs, with reference to their functions and evolutionary indications to Cicadomorpha (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)

Morphology of Malpighian tubules from fourteen representatives in Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea are investigated. Among which the distal segments that perform a modified glandular function during nymphal stages are investigated in particular using both scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The examined species show regional differentiation along the Malpighian tubules. The terminal parts end as separate rods in Cercopoidea, whereas they are united in pairs and enveloped by a peritoneal sheath shortly before reaching the rectum in Cicadoidea. Ultra-morphologically, the distal segments in Cercopoidea consist of numerous large protuberances containing a few small nodules, and the distal segments in Cicadinae of Cicadoidea comprise numerous large protuberances containing several small nodules. Species of subfamilies Cicadettinae (except Karenia caelatata) and Tettigadinae have undulated distal segments devoid of any protuberances and nodules. The Malpighian tubules of the Karenia cicadas, remarkably without timbals and with questionable systematic placement, morphologically resemble the Cicadinae more than the Cicadettinae (=Tibicininae auct.), indicating it is more reasonable to place this genus into Cicadinae instead of Cicadettinae. Ultrastructurally, numerous secretory granules, secretory vacuoles and rough endoplasmic reticula exist in the distal segments of nymphal spittlebugs, and abundant secretory vacuoles exist in the same region of nymphal cicadas. The secretory structures can secrete productions which may help to create favorable watery conditions for nymphal spittlebugs and cicadas (e.g., inhibiting the growth of certain soil fungi, buffering the pH conditions, and neutralizing the toxic ammonia). In contrast, the distal segments of adult spittlebugs and cicadas are devoid of secretory granules and secretory vacuoles. This suggests that nymphal Malpighian tubules in both cicadas and spittlebugs function to secondary secretion, and become mere excretive organs in adult stage. Analysis of the morphology, layout, and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules in Cicadomorpha support the major relationships within this infraorder as “Membracoidea+(Cicadoidea+Cercopoidea)”.

The FK506-binding protein FKBP52 in vitro induces aggregation of truncated Tau forms with prion-like behavior.

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are neurodegenerative diseases associated with the pathologic aggregation of human brain Tau protein. Neuronal Tau is involved in microtubule (MT) formation and stabilization. We showed previously that the immunophilin FK506-binding protein of MW ∼52 kDa (FKBP52) interferes with this function of full-length Tau and provokes aggregation of a disease-related mutant of Tau. To dissect the molecular interaction between recombinant human FKBP52 and Tau, here, we study the effect of FKBP52 on a functional Tau fragment (Tau-F4, Ser(208)-Ser(324)) containing part of the proline- rich region and MT-binding repeats. Therefore, we perform MT assembly and light-scattering assays, blue native PAGE analysis, electron microscopy, and Tau seeding experiments in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We show that FKBP52 (6 µM) prevents MT formation generated by Tau-F4 (5 µM) and induces Tau-F4 oligomerization and aggregation. Electron microscopy analyses show granular oligomers and filaments of Tau-F4 after short-time FKBP52 incubation. We demonstrate that the terminal parts of Tau interfere with the effects of FKBP52. Finally, we find that FKBP52-induced Tau-F4 oligomers cannot only generate in vitro, direct conformational changes in full-length Tau and that their uptake into neuronal cells can equally lead to aggregation of wild-type endogenous Tau. This suggests a potential prion-like property of these particular Tau-F4 aggregates. Collectively, our results strengthen the hypothesis of FKBP52 involvement in the Tau pathogenicity process.

The Structure Design of Gait Pole Climbing Robot

The theory of gait is one of walking ways which is efficient, fast and stable in a variety of industrial robots, offering a structure of climbing robots in a way of gait and climbing with the gait motion in paper. Through the results of analysis by various industrial software, the presented structure of climbing robots which is composed of two terminal parts and two robot arms that is the part of pedestal and climbing mechanism. In the process of climbing, realizing gripping, Swing work, turning work, an orderly motion and get to the aimed place finally through alternate between the upper and lower part of the body by the control of SCM. The presented method has not only improved many problems like complicated climbing structure, controlling rough, slow-motion and unable thronging obstacles, but also accomplished the subsequent operations like tools delivering, pole testing, clearing, maintenance work, furthermore, there has more comprehensive benefits.

Serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamide in the nervous system of Opisthioglyphe ranae (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). An iimmunocytochemical study

The presence and localization of the serotoninergic and FMRFamidergic structures in the nervous system of the trematode Opisthioglyphe ranae, the marsh frog intestinal parasite, was studied using immunocytochemistry. The serotonin-immunoreactive nerve cells and fibers were revealed in the head ganglia, circular commissure, longitudinal nerve cords and their connective commissures, as well as around the oral and ventral suckers, oesophagus and genital pore. FMRF-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the head ganglia, longitudinal nerve cords and terminal parts of the reproductive system. The results obtained are discussed in light of the available data on the presence and functional significance of the above-mentioned neurotransmitters in trematodes.

Effect of Altitude on Flower Bud Differentiation and Necrosis in ‘Shinko’ Pears in Subtropical Climates

Time-specific responses of flower bud differentiation were investigated in 'Shinko' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pear grown at different altitudes from July through December 2013 to determine their suitability as scions in a top-grafting system. Flower bud initiation and bud necrosis were monitored on each of three sections of one-year-old shoots: terminal, middle, and basal. Flower bud differentiation s tarted in September in the highlands of the Lishan area, and in J uly in the lowlands of the Zhoulan area. In Lishan, flower bud differentiation was higher in the middle and basal segments; during leaf fall, however, flower bud differentiation occurred rapidly in the terminal segment. In Zhoulan, flower buds began to differentiate from the terminal section of the shoot, and severe flower bud necrosis was noted. In July, flower buds developed normally; however, in early August, some of the buds at the basal segment showed browning. During leaf fall, some flower buds showed symptoms of necrosis with rapid and complete browning. Flower bud necrosis began at the basal segment and progressed rapidly towards middle and terminal sections. Before leaf fall, flower buds fell off when scales swelled. The terminal and middle parts of the current-year shoots, with some flower buds, collected in October or later from the Lishan area could be used as scions for top-grafting of 'Shinko' pear. Each grafting scion was a 3-5 cm shoot with one flower bud. These results suggest that scions from the terminal and middle segments of stems of 'Shinko' pear from the Lishan area can be used as scions whereas those from Zhoulan area show necrosis and might not be suitable as scions.

Bionomie a cecidogeneze Contarinia petioli (Kieffer) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)

Recently, the abundant occurrence of galls of Contarinia petioli (Kieffer) was noted on Populus tremula in the Brno region and elsewhere in southern Moravia. The bionomics and cecidogenesis of the gall midge was studied on 5 to 15-year-old aspens in Forest District Bílovice nad Svitavou, Training Fo­rest Enterprise Masaryk Forest in Křtiny in 2007 and 2008. Imagoes fly there at the end of April and at the beginning of May. Females lay eggs in several partial clutches at 1 to 6(10) pieces. About 91% newly hatched larvae settle on petioles of unfolding leaves, about 8% on the bark of terminal parts of shoots and about 1% on leaf blades. By means of sucking the larvae of the 1st and 2nd instars galls are crea­ted in the 1st half of May. Larvae of the 3rd instar occur in galls from the 20th May when galls are grown-up. Larvae abandon the galls in the 1st decade of June through an oval hole 0.6 × 0.4 mm in diameter. Galls are on average 6 mm long, 5.4 mm wide and 5.1 mm high. If they are localized within a short distance of each other then often create formations up to 17 × 11 × 9 mm in size. There are 1 to 6(10) chambers in galls and in each of them, only one larva develops. The paper deals in detail with the differentiation of galls including chambers as well as natural enemies of the gall midge. Torymus quercinus Boh., T. cultrans Graham & Gijswijt (Torymidae) and Tetrastichus sp. (Eulophidae) rank among natural enemies of larvae in galls.1

Angiographic profile of coronary arteries in Keralite population

Abstract Background and aims: The incidence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has reached alanning proportions in India. The pathological hall mark of CAD is myocardial ischemia resulting from the atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary arteries. In this era of advanced interventions and cardiac surgery, a thorough knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of coronary arteries is of prime significance and of great use both to the clinicians and anatomists. Materials and methods: One hundred coronary angiograms of patients free of disease were studied in detail in different profiles. The data obtained was quantified according to their frequencies. The relation between the length of left main coronary artery and coronary artery dominance was statistically analyzed using the 'Chi Square test for Trend'. Results: This study highlighted some interesting findings such as the origin of Sino- atrial nodal artery from the second segment of right coronary artery in 3% of cases, double right marginal artery in 4% cases. Other variations such as Mouchet's posterior recurrent interventricular artery, origin of circumflex artery from the right coronary artery and abnormal communication between the terminal parts of right coronary artery and circumflex artery were each noticed in 1 % of cases. Conclusions: Coronary arteries and their branches are prone to variations in their course and morphology. Prior knowledge about this is important for the interpretation of coronary angiograms and surgical myocardial revascularization. The present work on normal and variant pattern of coronary arteries will help in gathering momentum to the already advancing research work in this field.

Allogenic controls on autogenic variability in fluvio‐deltaic systems: inferences from analysis of synthetic stratigraphy

AbstractFluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy develops under continuous morphodynamic interactions of allogenic and autogenic processes, but the role and relative contribution of these processes to the stratigraphic record are poorly understood. We analysed synthetic fluvio‐deltaic deposits of several accommodation‐to‐supply cycles (sequences) with the aim to relate stratigraphic variability to autogenic and allogenic controls. The synthetic stratigraphy was produced in a series of long time‐scale (105 years) numerical experiments with an aggregated process‐based model using a typical passive‐margin topography with constant rates of liquid and solid river discharge subjected to sinusoidal sea‐level fluctuation. Post‐processing of synthetic stratigraphy allowed us to quantify stratigraphic variability by means of local and regional net sediment accumulation over equally spaced time intervals (1–10 kyr). The regional signal was subjected to different methods of time‐series analysis. In addition, major avulsion sites (>5 km from the coastline) were extracted from the synthetic stratigraphy to confirm the interpretations of our analyses. Regional stratigraphic variability as defined in this study is modulated by a long‐term allogenic signal, which reflects the rate of sea‐level fluctuation, and it preserves two autogenic frequency bands: the intermediate and high‐frequency components. The intermediate autogenic component corresponds to major avulsions with a median inter‐avulsion period of ca. 3 kyr. This component peaks during time intervals in which aggradation occurs on the delta plain, because super‐elevation of channel belts is a prerequisite for large‐scale avulsions. Major avulsions occur occasionally during early stages of relative sea‐level fall, but they are fully absent once the coast line reaches the shelf edge and incision takes place. These results are consistent with a number of field studies of falling‐stage deposition in fluvial systems. The high‐frequency autogenic component (decadal to centennial time scales) represents mouthbar‐induced bifurcations occurring at the terminal parts of the system, and to a lesser extent, partial or small‐scale avulsions (<5 km from the coastline). Bifurcation intensity correlates strongly with the rate of progradation, and thus reaches its maximum during forced regression. However, its contribution to overall stratigraphic variability is much less than that of the large‐scale avulsions, which affect the entire area downstream of avulsion nodes. The results of this study provide guidelines for predicting fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy in the context of co‐existing autogenic and allogenic processes and underscore the fact that the relative importance and the type of autogenic processes occurring in fluvio‐deltaic systems are governed by allogenic forcing.