Terminal Operating System Research Articles

Process Mining: Measuring Key Performance Indicator Container Dwell Time

<span>The issues measures duration of stay the container logistic processes at ports in developing countries is often a major problem. Therefore, a knowledge process discovery, i.e., Heuristics Miner and Fuzzy Miner, can be used to discover the insight of process by creating a process model. The container import dwell time (DT) processes can be modeled based on the event log data sources are extracted from the terminal operating system (TOS). The <em>L</em>* life-cycle model is used to perform the process behavior analysis steps. The results of analysis and verification show that the container import DT processes have a median duration of 5.5 days and a mean duration of 6.07 days.</span>

Improving the Performance of Dry and Maritime Ports by Increasing Knowledge about the Most Relevant Functionalities of the Terminal Operating System (TOS)

Maritime transport in the European Union has increased in the last years, triggering congestion in many of the most important sea and river ports. A lot of works have highlighted how the connection between these ports and dry ports can contribute to reducing port congestion and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This work aims to improve the knowledge about the functionalities of Terminal Operating Systems (TOSs) managing container terminals of sea, river, and dry ports, with the aim of improving their performance and contributing to reducing congestion and GHG emissions to achieve a higher sustainability. The contribution and novelty of this paper in the field of container-terminals logistics research is the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify and hierarchize TOS functionalities. The robustness of the model was checked by applying a sensitivity analysis. One hundred and seven functionalities were grouped into six main clusters: Warehouse, Maritime Operations, Gate, Master Data, Communications, and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Dashboard. The results show that time tracking of vessels, space optimization, development of loading and unloading lists, and optimization of container locations are the most important functionalities of a TOS. This work is addressed to developers, sellers, managers, and users of TOSs and researchers working on container-terminal performance.

An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the port security

An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the port security

An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the port security

As a vital link in the global supply chain, which dictates the movement and storage of cargo containers at the entry point of a seaport, a seaport terminal can have a profound impact on port security. In particular, a lack of business intelligence about containerised cargo flows coupled with the failure to inspect containerised cargo can cause serious security problems, because unmonitored cargo containers can be used as a tool for bringing illicit contents into the port of entry. To prevent or mitigate any illegal activities associated with containerised cargo flows, we propose an integrated terminal operating system (ITOS) that can trace and monitor every single movement and storage of incoming cargo containers, while coordinating and synchronising the entire terminal operations. In addition, we embed the ITOS within the business analytics framework, while formulating viable strategic options for enhancing the securities of terminal operating companies and their multiple stakeholders.

Modeling the productivity and stability of a terminal operation system with quay crane double cycling

This paper focuses on the overall handling efficiency and the system’s stability of container terminals with double cycling. A closed queuing network is used to model terminal operations, and theoretical upper and lower bounds of the system performance is obtained to show the maximum service availability of the terminals. The generally distributed service time indicates the impact of variations in service time on the system’s stability. Finally, real-world data is used to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed model, and the analysis results provide policies to improve the terminal productivity.

Incorporating container location dispersion into evaluating GCR performance at a transhipment terminal

ABSTRACTThe degree of container dispersion at a transhipment terminal is measured by an index termed container location dispersion, which represents the range, both horizontal and vertical, of all containers for ship loading that are scattered in the yard. First, this paper identifies the impacts of container location dispersion on loading performance with insufficient or sufficient equipment deployment in real-life settings at a terminal. Then, we investigate those scenarios with different levels of interference. This research aims to explore the relationship between the container location dispersion and Gross Crane Rate (GCR) stability at a transhipment terminal and proposes a discrete-event driven simulation model for this purpose. All data in our experiments are extracted from the terminal operation system at a real-life container terminal. It is concluded from a series of experiments that the container location dispersion well captures the overall performance of container terminal handling and can be used for yard template optimization and management. Implications of this investigation are discussed in the context of the yard template design and improvement in the overall performance of a container transhipment terminal.

Economic Impact Analysis of Autonomous Containerised Freight

Advanced robotics is a disruptive technology that has the potential to create massive economic impact. One application of advanced robotics is the automation of cargo ports, with the intention of increasing profitability for cargo terminals by reducing costs and increasing container handling productivity.Autonomous straddle carrier technology can not only significantly improve freight capacity but can also enhance the safety of operations, reducing the potential for manual errors by isolating the workforce from heavy machinery. Our findings suggest a net present value (NPV) of autonomous straddle carrier technology in direct impact worth for NSW of around $9.42 to $10 billion between the years 2014 and 2030.In this report we present only the final application of a long term process of university R&D effort, i.e. cost benefit analysis was not undertaken in this report as innovation studies show that any innovation outcome cannot capture the full benefit to the economy, therefore the costs are normally high and in most cases create no tangible benefit but creates intangibles like knowledge is not easy to be quantified

An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the efficiency of seaport terminal operators

A seaport terminal is a vital link in the global supply chain which has a profound impact on port competitiveness and international trade. However, ongoing worldwide economic slumps, coupled with the proliferation of terminal operators, have created a glut for terminal-related logistics services and intensified competition among terminal operators. As a way to better utilize the existing terminal infrastructure and enhance terminal operating efficiencies, we propose an integrated terminal operating system that can reduce duplicated investments in equipment, redundant workforce, and non-value-adding processes, while standardizing terminal services including loading/unloading, discharging, and transferring cargo. To verify the usefulness of the proposed integrated terminal operating system, we develop key performance indicators of terminal operations which help to measure the comparative performances of both an integrated group and a non-integrated group of terminal operators and then formulate viable strategic options for creating “win–win” situations for terminal operators and their stakeholders including port administrators. In so doing, we examine the current practices of terminal operators at the Incheon Inner harbor in Korea through in-depth interviews and then identify critical success factors for integrated terminal operations based on a questionnaire survey and analytic hierarchy process. These factors include the terminal operator’s cargo attraction level, cargo turnover ratio, cargo storage capacity, and ability to comply with government rules and policies.

Dynamic Energy Consumption and Emission Modelling of Container Terminal based on Multi Agents

Environmental protection and energy saving pressure press the increasing attention of container terminal operators. In order to comply with the more and more strict environmental regulation, reducing energy consumption and air pollution emissions, meanwhile, optimizing the operation efficiency, which, is an urgent problem to container terminal operator of China. This paper based on the characteristic of Container Terminal Operation System (CTOS), which includes several sections of container product processes, consist of berth allocation problem, truck dispatching problem, yard allocation problem and auxiliary process. Dynamic energy consumption and emissions characteristic of each equipment and process is modelled, this paper presents the architecture of CTOS based on the multi agent system with early-warning model, which is based on multi-class support vector machines (SVM). A simulation on container terminal is built on the JADE platform to support the decision-making of container terminal, which can reduce energy consumption and air pollution emissions, allows the container terminal operator to be more flexible in their decision to meet the Emission Control Area regulation and Green Port Plan of China.

Architectural Design of Terminal Operating System for a Container Terminal Based on a New Concept

Automation ensures accurate and well-organized container transportation in container terminals. This paper addresses operational issues such as equipment scheduling and the coordination between various pieces of equipment in a rail-based automated container terminal. Containers are relayed using multiple types of equipment from road trucks to a vessel and vice versa. Therefore, handshaking is required during a container transfer between different pieces of equipment. Synchronization between the schedules of all the equipment is important to reduce equipment waiting times and the time required for transporting containers, which results in a short turnaround time for a vessel. This paper proposes an integrated control system with the objective of synchronizing the operations of different types of equipment, provides a list of decisions to be made by the control module of each type of equipment, and shows all the required information transfers between control modules. A scheme for the integrated scheduling of multiple types of equipment is proposed. The decisions made by each control module in a real-time fashion are listed with detailed explanations, and the information transfer between managers in a real-time situation at the proposed terminal is described.

The Simulation and Study of the Operating System Efficiency Improvement of a Container Terminal

With the rapid expansion of Chinese container terminal throughput, each container terminal increasingly pays attention to the operational efficiency of storage yard. In this paper, aim at the problem of excessive containers relocation assignments to establish the slotting optimization allocation model, and verify the validity of the model by using Matlab; Using tandem queuing network modeling to build model of the container terminal operating system,and simulate the container terminal logistics system by Witness. It can provide a reference for efficiency improvement of the container terminal operating system.

Study on the Application of Computer in the Taxi Intelligent Management System

the taxi intelligent terminal management system using the latest GPS and Beidou Positioning Technology and network technology, embedded programming technology, Windows CE terminal operating system, cloud computing technology, the original taxi valuation multiple system, GPS positioning system, the taxi service evaluation system, intelligent light system, monitoring system and one card system. Integration, design a set of complete city taxi intelligent terminal management system, to achieve a high level of management. Double backup location system using GPS positioning and Chinese Beidou Positioning, positioning accuracy, reliable, real-time operational data store upload taxi and reliable data, which can realize safe driving record, automobile security alarm, accident alarm and anti-theft alarm and tracking and control, in the taxi can achieve "flat-share carpool", can realize the time-sharing, people, time, metering and billing and other functions, and improves the bearing rate of the vehicle, more energy saving and environmental protection. The system has broad application prospects and the market space. The system will realize some technical indicators: receive 10 channels, the positioning accuracy of <5 meters, the cold start time <30 seconds, hot start time <3 seconds, GPS relocation time <30 seconds.

An Improvement for Process Management in Android Vehicle Terminal

With the rise of android, an increasing number of vehicle manufacturers prefer to use android as the operating system of vehicle terminal. However, Android so far is mainly designed for phone operating system while vehicle terminal operating system demands higher reliability and real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the management of processes based on Android process management. Processes adapting vehicle information interface will be classified as vehicle processes and priority of those will be upgraded by our dynamic weight management so that real-time performance and reliability in vehicle terminal is achieved.

Modeling Liquid Terminal Operation and Service System in a Port Using Linier Matrix Algebraic Approach

Modeling Liquid Terminal Operation and Service System in a Port Using Linier Matrix Algebraic Approach

Improving container terminal efficiency through emulation

Container terminals are struggling with a continuously increasing volume and increasing performance demands. As space is typically limited, terminals are searching for solutions to increase throughput capacity without expanding their physical footprint. Furthermore, they aim to increase their productivity on vessels in order to be able to handle bigger ships with larger call sizes in the same time frame. A terminal operating system (TOS) plays a major role in today's terminal operations, as it supports planning, scheduling and equipment control. Recently more and more tasks are performed by the TOS. These tasks need to be well-tuned to the operation (such as stowage planning, grounding decisions and equipment dispatching) in order to reduce cost and risk. In this paper, we present a meanwhile proven, safe and inexpensive approach to test and tweak the TOS and train operators on an emulated virtual terminal. This novel approach in the field of container terminals has been successfully applied during the previous 3 years at over 15 container terminals.

Study on Equipment Scheduling of ZPMC Automated Container Terminal Based on Improved PSO

According to the characteristics of ZPMC automated container terminal operation system, this paper investigates the equipment distribution problem among transportation system, and establishes the scheduling solution of mathematical model for single ship with the shortest total loading/unloading time. Using an improved particle swarm algorithm as the experimental solving method, results show that the proposed model and algorithm are effective and practical.

A Development of Integrated Operation System of Container Terminals in Ubiquitous Environment using RFID

Number of researches on efficient terminal operation system applying RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) are in progress. However, RFID has limitations on tracking and providing accurate positions of containers. In this paper, to enhance the performance of the integrated terminal operation system, an efficient loading management of yard is proposed by applying RFID based RTLS(Real Time Locating System) that provides real time accurate positions of containers. It was found that a group based sequence system is more efficient than the existing individual sequence number system in the container yard In the group based sequence system, the containers in the same group should have similar characteristics such as port of destination(POD), size, weight, etc. In order to run this system, we proposed the parameters to the unspecified N bytes of RFID tag which are specified in ISO 18000 7. And then, we developed an integrated operation system of container terminal using RFID. The proposed system reduces the ship turnaround time in ubiquitous port environments.

A Comparative Study on European Container Terminal Operation System

As the competition in the liner shipping industry is becoming fiercer, the shipping company is trying to find the way to keep the best competitive position by reducing the cost level as low as possible and offering the best quality of service to their customer. In order to achieve this goal, the selection of port and terminal that have the best quality of service and cost effective structure is essential for the shipping line, where they can only have a chance to save the money. In this context, the paper compares three European container terminals in order to understand the factors that have to be considered in the decision making process for the selection of terminal. And its advantages and disadvantages of each type of container terminal operation system were analyzed from the liner shipping company's point of view in terms of cost, time, flexibility, stability, hinterland connection, geographical position and terminal productivity. It is obvious that the cost factors are very important for liner shipping company to select their terminal. However, there might be even more important factors than the cost factors, such as quality of port and terminal service, mutual trust, and possibility of future development.

자동화항만의 야드 운영시스템 레이아웃 설계

Construction of automated terminal it urgently demanded to gain the foundation of hub-port in north east Asia. Therefore we suggest an adequate operating system layout of automated terminal in Korea. In this paper the aim of automated terminal operating system is satisfied. four basic models are divided according to moving course of export and import cargo of each automated equipments, several input data are changed and analyzed dynamically by Trial and Error method, and then an optimized operating system model is selected, and designed for yard operating system layout on the basis of the selected model. Particularly, the productivity of automated port is up to the kind of automated equipments. However, because expense and present work process must be considered actually. In order to prevent confusion of the work, the method to optimize the present work and substitute prevent equipments and automated equipments was designed. It is a premise that ail the yard equipments described in this paper must be automatic except quay crane.

A language and multitasking operating system to support an eight channel speech input terminal

A speech input terminal must be able to carry on a natural conversation with a user. This presents several special problems for the designer of the terminal's operating system. Multiple channels must be handled independently and must not interact with other channels. Timing must be sufficiently precise so that there are no unnecessary pauses before listening or speaking. Changes must be easy to implement in order to experimentally optimize the human factors aspects of the conversation. The system must lend itself to modularization and easy documentation. These issues are discussed and the language and operating system used at Dialog are presented.