Service Tenure Research Articles

Efficiency evaluation of intellectual capital for value creation: a case study of the semiconductor industry in Taiwan

PurposeThis study constructs an efficiency evaluation framework for assessing the human, structural and relational capital in the semiconductor industry of Taiwan. Furthermore, we analyze whether there are significant differences in efficiency across different levels concerning the industry supply chain (upstream, midstream and downstream), employee service tenure, capital scale and company establishment years.Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on Taiwanese semiconductor companies, utilizing data sourced from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) Database for the period spanning 2017 to 2021, encompassing a total of five years. Due to the nondisclosure of intangible asset values by all companies, an effort was made to ensure a comparable baseline by excluding companies with incomplete or missing data. Finally, empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 64 companies using the dynamic network data envelopment analysis method.Findings(1) Overall efficiency demonstrates structural capital as the most prominent, followed by relational capital, while human capital shows relatively poorer efficiency. (2) To enhance the efficiency of intellectual capital, priority should be given to improving the efficiency of outputs related to intellectual property rights such as patents. (3) The midstream segment exhibits the best efficiency in both structural and relational capital. (4) Companies with longer employee service tenures exhibit superior efficiency in human capital in the long run. (5) Companies with extended establishment years and larger capital scales demonstrate superior efficiency in both human and structural capital.Originality/valueReflecting on past literature, scholars have primarily focused on the relationship between intellectual capital and firm efficiency, often emphasizing the overall efficiency of intellectual capital. However, within organizations, human capital, structural capital, and relational capital are interrelated. This study, for the first time, assesses the efficiency of these three components within an organization. The research addresses the challenges in analyzing the efficiency of intellectual capital and introduces a highly contemporary approach – dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA). Using the semiconductor industry in Taiwan as a case study, this paper conducts empirical analysis in a captivating and worthy industry. Therefore, the ideas presented in this paper are original.

Exploring the impact of abusive supervision on employee approaches to managing service errors and failures: Examining the effects of hope and optimism, and service tenure

Drawing from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study posits that leadership in the form of abusive supervision will be more detrimental to subordinates' hope and optimism, due to the loss of accumulated resources for those who have increased service tenure, thereby lowering their ability to alleviate and successfully manage service failures/errors. Using convenience sampling, 174 hotel frontline employees from Istanbul, Turkey, completed survey questionnaires in two separate time waves. Results from SmartPLS indicate that abusive supervision has a significant and adverse association with employees’ hope and optimism. Additionally, the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ hope and optimism is moderated by service tenure, such that the negative relationship is more profound for those with increased service tenure. Finally, hope and optimism mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and two behaviors for handling service errors/failures (i.e., service recovery performance and error reporting). This study concludes by discussing theoretical and practical implications.

A Case Study on Effective Secondary School Head

The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a secondary school head teacher. This study was a case study and delimited to one successful secondary school which was selected purposefully for which fulfill the three basic criteria fixed by the researcher; The highest score opted in Managerial Effectiveness Scale (MES), Results in the tenth board examination and tenure of service in the particular school of the head teacher, during the survey conducted by the researcher in his previous study on forty (40) secondary school head teachers. In this case study unstructured observation and semi-structured interview schedule were used for data collection and the data were analysed through content analaysis. The finding of the study were the head teacher shows positive attitude towards his profession, enthusiastic, innovative, knowledgeable. techno-savvy, honest and sincere to his duties.

Exploring Transformational Leadership Practices among School Leaders in Korean Schools

This study explored transformational leadership practices among school leaders in Korean Schools specifically in Baguio City, Philippines. Utilizing a combined-method approach, the respondent pool consisted of 20 school heads and 108 teachers from three Korean schools in Baguio City and La Trinidad, carefully selected through purposive sampling. The data collection process encompassed dual sets of questionnaires and interviews tailored for both school heads and teachers. The gathered data was processed using frequency counts and percentages, weighted mean, F-test, and Pearson correlation which formed the basis for the discussion and interpretation of data in the results and discussion section of the paper. Findings revealed consistent engagement in highly practiced transformational behaviors, with a notable emphasis on clear communication, continuous support, coaching, and mentorship. Education level and tenure of service emerged as key factors, indicating a significant effect on leadership practices and their impact on teachers. However, challenges such as resource constraints pose hurdles that need addressing. Recommendations include recognition programs for academic accomplishments, fostering intergenerational collaboration, and implementing personalized coaching and mentorship initiatives to enhance leadership effectiveness. Strategies to overcome resource constraints involve exploring partnerships and optimizing resource utilization for sustainable transformational leadership practices. The Korean schools may implement suggested strategies, promoting the effectiveness of school head transformational leadership practices and ultimately contributing to a thriving educational environment.

The Social Values of Nursing Staff and the Perceived Quality of Their Professional Lives.

This study's main purpose involves exploring the relationship between the social values of nursing staff and the perception they have of their professional lives. A further aim is to examine how their terms of employment and tenure of service relate to the quality of their careers and their social values. The research consisted of a non-experimental quantitative approach of a descriptive nature involving 380 nursing staff at four public hospitals in Madrid (Spain). The values were appraised by means of the Schwarz Value Survey (SVS) and the quality of their careers was measured through the Quality of Professional Life (QPL-35) questionnaire. The results reveal significant correlations between the two, highlighting the significance of such values as universalism, benevolence, achievement and power depending on their terms of employment, on the one hand, and all the values in the Schwartz model according to the length of their tenure on the other. The findings suggest that terms of employment and tenure are significantly related to the axiological profile of nursing staff and the quality of their professional lives. This study provides major empirical evidence that contributes to our understanding of how social values and the quality of professional lives are interwoven within the field of nursing in Spain.

Evaluation for Promotion System in Government Sector

One of the most important activities in Human Resource Management is the Promotion System (PS) (HRM). This study aims to identify government promotion in the government sector with an emphasis on ethics and cultural perspectives, as well as a key indicator in understanding issues and challenges in Malaysia's public sector promotion system and ways to improve the system, which are organisational culture, ethics, and bureaucracy. Organizational culture is defined as a shared perception shared by organisational members. There are differences in the rules and policies governing tenure and seniority in Malaysia's public service. In government and agencies, a civil servant is designated before the promotion board considers the grant of promotion. This implementation is good among Malaysian civil servants and should be maintained as a criterion for promotion in the Malaysian public service. As a result, monitoring and evaluation can be carried out, typically at the end of each year, using the KPI monitoring system. The grades are being used to determine whether the individuals should be promoted or face disciplinary action. Most disciplinary actions will be warnings or notices before more serious actions such as termination are taken. The current system of civil service is insufficient and can be improved with the suggestions in this paper. A thorough examination is required to comprehend the breadth of issues that have arisen in recent years.

CURRICULUM RELEVANCE ON GRADUATE CAREER: A TRACER STUDY OF THE GRADUATES OF CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITYTANZA CAMPUS

The study determined the relevance of the curriculum to the graduates' careers. It specifically aimed to: determine the socio-demographic profile of the participants in terms of age, sex, present job level, type of industry employed, employment status, tenure of service, monthly income, number of months/years it took them to land a job after graduation and higher studies they pursue after college; identify the difficulties encountered seeking for a job; identify the graduates' ratings to the following skills gained from their respective curriculum that has relevance to their present career; and identify the participants' perception in the skills that need enhancement in the curriculum. The study used a descriptive research design to describe the above-mentioned sociodemographic profile of the participants, difficulties encountered seeking a job, skills gained by the graduates from their respective curriculum, and the perceived skills that need training and development. The data were gathered from 200 Cavite State University - Tanza Campus graduates from 2016 to 2020. As a result, the participants belong to the age of 24-29 years old and are female. Currently in rank and file level in terms of the level of position in their present job in various industries regardless of the degree they have earned. Specifically, the business process outsourcing and manufacturing industries are seen to be the top choices of the participants for their employment. Furthermore, most of the participants are holding a regular/permanent position with 1-2 years of experience and has monthly income ranging from 20,001-30,001. In terms of the length of period, before they got a job, it took those 1-6 months before landing a job. There is also a significant number of graduates who opted not to pursue higher education. Most of the graduates encountered all difficulties in seeking a job. Specifically, the limited professional network gave the graduates difficulty the most in seeking for a job. In terms of the graduates' self-assessed ratings of skills gained from their respective curricula relevant to their careers, it was revealed that all the skills provided are moderately relevant to the graduates' careers. Nevertheless, information technology and research skills are the skills that have the most relevance to the present career of graduates. This result implies that most of the graduates recognized that the given skills in their respective curriculum provided them with the necessary knowledge and skills that could be beneficial in their present careers. Lastly, based on the assessment of the participants on the skills that need to be enhanced in the curriculum, problemsolving skill must be enhanced as it helps graduates to cope with the industry requirement easily if this skill is acquired before graduating.

The Influence of Teacher Education Level and Working Period on Teacher Pedagogic Competence

The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the effect of both partial and simultaneous differences in education level and tenure of service on teachers' pedagogical competence. A questionnaire was used to collect data for this study, and SPSS was used to analyze the data statistically. The study's findings suggest that the level of education and years of service have a partial or simultaneous influence on a teacher's pedagogical competence. This study makes recommendations for increasing teachers' educational levels in order to improve their pedagogical competence.

Financial Well-Being and Job Satisfaction Among the Teachers of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE)

Teachers’ financial well-being and job satisfaction are quintessential as teachers are the principal players entrusted in delivering knowledge. This research intended to identify the level and relationship of teachers’ financial well-being and job satisfaction in the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE). The study sample included teachers in a district in the State of Perlis. This investigation employed a financial well-being questionnaire established by the Division of Psychology and Counseling with researchers (2018) and a job satisfaction questionnaire utilising the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) introduced by Weiss, Dewis, England & Lofquit, 1967. Financial well-being instruments had an Alpha Cronbach reliability of .89, while the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Instrument (MSQ) had an Alpha Cronbach reliability of .90. The study outcomes confirmed that teachers obtained a high percentage of the level of the financial well-being of 49.5%, followed by a moderate level of 42.7% and a low level of 7.8%. As for job satisfaction, the data summarised that the teachers obtained a moderate percentage of 52.4%, followed by a low level of 32% and a high level of 15.5%. Ergo, the study’s data discovered a notable relationship between financial well-being and job satisfaction among teachers. The researcher recommended that the scope of the study sample be expanded so that it becomes more comprehensive to represent teachers throughout Malaysia. Moreover, the results could aid interventions in further enhancing teachers’ financial well-being and job satisfaction, such as formulating modules, psycho-education, and guidance. Furthermore, the research analysis could also be expanded by examining differences in variables based on study demographics, such as variations in teachers’ financial well-being based on service and grade tenure and differences in teachers’ job satisfaction based on work experience and age.

Publication pattern expressed by scientific position, service tenure, and age – A comparative analysis with working women scientists of science and technology laboratories of India

This study investigates the effect of scientific position, service tenure, and age of women scientists of various research laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India on the research productivity. Drawing on a sample of 902 women scientists of various research laboratories, with their 22,617 publications extracted from Web of Science & Scopus databases, the results show that CSIR scientists have more women per laboratory, DST women scientists have more publication per scientists and DBT women scientists received more citations. The majority of the publications were published by scientists who have post-doctoral or doctorate degrees and most of the papers were published by the women scientists between age 31 and 40. However, per scientist publication reveals that there is a continuous increase of publication with the increase of service and physical age. Therefore, better funding opportunities for young researchers and retaining experienced women scientists for more years may be important to increase women's participation in science.

The Broad Scope of Design Records

It is with immense pleasure that I address you today, journal readers. The last time that American Archivist offered a section focused on articles about design-centric records was in 1996, volume 59, number 2. At that time, the Society of American Archivists' (SAA) Design Records Section was the Architectural Records Section; that issue's articles, therefore, were suitably focused on architectural records. As the section name-change implies, the section has since broadened its focus measurably.This issue of American Archivist is the culmination of several years of planning and the efforts of many contributors. In February 2018, Christopher “Cal” Lee, former American Archivist editor, issued the call for any member of the Editorial Board to serve in the role of guest editor. He invited board members to indulge in their special archives interests with the ultimate goal of focusing an issue, or a segment thereof, on a particular subject. At that time, I was a member of the Editorial Board, serving in that capacity from 2016 to 2020. Before that tenure of service, I was a peer reviewer of American Archivist articles, and today, I still serve in that capacity.Knowing how long it had been since the journal focused on design records, and given the broader scope of the Design Records Section, and considering my own dedicated archives practice in this subject area, I raised my hand in that 2018 meeting and volunteered to take on this exciting role.Over many months and after a number of calls for author and reviewer participation, we have accumulated what I think is an engaging and useful array of content. All that considered, the most profound message my collaborators and I want to send to you, the readers of the journal, is that many, if not most, archivists will manage design records of some sort and at some point in their careers. Whether the records are blueprints, floorplans, built environment system diagrams, fashion or costume illustrations, interior design schemas, or patterns of various creations, these creative aspects or elements of the human experience will be made evident in—and find themselves a part of—the archival record, probably your records.In this special section, you will discover scholarly narratives reflecting a wealth of archival practice as seen through the creative and often beautiful lens of their peers who manage design records. You will explore how the built environment at the University of California, Santa Barbara, informed the social evolution of the campus. In addition, you will be exposed to digital collections management of unusual complexity and learn how born-digital design records enhance visual literacy skills. Archives instruction, outreach, and appraisal are also discussed at length.In fact, we elected to make the most use of the new online format and leverage its advantages. Perhaps of special interest are the downloadable templates that accompany “Design Records Appraisal Tool,” bringing a wonderful dynamism to your reading experience.I would like to thank Cal Lee, former American Archivist editor, for the invitation to be a guest editor and the valuable and necessary tutoring he gave to me. I would also like to thank the current American Archivist editor, Amy Cooper Cary, who continued my editor instruction; Abigail Christian, Archival Outlook editor and SAA production coordinator; and Teresa Brinati, SAA director of publishing, for their most able and generous assistance along this marvelous journey.So, welcome, readers, to volume 84, number 2 of American Archivist. My collaborators and I hope you enjoy and use the content in a capacity equal to the joy we experienced in bringing it to you.

Legislation is ‘required’: The Jurists Foundation v Federal Government on the tenure extension of Pakistan’s army chief

ABSTRACT In The Jurists Foundation v Federal Government, the Supreme Court of Pakistan delivered a significant judgment about the country's Chief of Army Staff (COAS). The Court held that an executive attempt to extend the tenure of the COAS was ‘meaningless and of no consequence’ because Parliament had not legislated on the COAS’ tenure or terms of service. According to the Court, legislation was required on such terms based on ‘structural requirements’ of a repealed constitution and a universal premise that senior officers of the armed forces must be regulated by law. This note argues that the Court's approach is difficult to reconcile with key constitutional principles and that, on a proper understanding of the Court's role, the extension should have been subject to ordinary principles of judicial review.

The Moderation Effect of Job Tenure on Psychological Empowerment and Employee Performance in Malaysia Public Sector

Public employee performance is very critical as it affects the government’s reputation and performance. Meanwhile, the tenure of service could influence the effect of psychological empowerment on employee performance. Thus, the objectives of this study are, first, to investigate the effect psychological empowerment on employee performance, and second, to examine whether the tenure of service moderates the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee performance among public service employees in Malaysia. A total of 286 sets of a questionnaire are collected from the public sector department. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.3.2 is used to analyze the data. The findings show that psychological empowerment is positively related to employees’ performance. Besides, employees’ tenure of service indicates a moderating effect on the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee performance. The longer the tenure, the better the employees adapt to their work, leading to the feeling of empowerment and a higher level of effort, which, in turn, increase employee performance. The study’s findings contribute to the field of management literature through the development and empirical test of a causal model of psychological empowerment on employee performance by considering employees’ tenure of service in the context of Malaysia public sector

CEO Tenure, CEO Compensation, Corporate Social and Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Coastal and Non-coastal Areas.

This study uncovers a new finding on the impact of CEO tenure on corporate social and environmental performance (CS&EP) in coastal and non-coastal areas of China using fixed-effect panel data regression models. The Two-Stage Least Squares instrumental panel regression is used to validate the veracity of the empirical results. To this end, we extract data from all non-financial Chinese listed firms for the period of 2009 to 2015. By applying the multivariant framework, the findings of the study exhibit a negative and significant effect of CEO tenure on CS&EP. Moreover, this study shows that firms with head offices in coastal areas of China tend to weaken the negative impact of CEO tenure on CS&EP, indicating that CS&EP is more focused in coastal areas of China than non-coastal ones. The findings suggest that the increase in CEOs’ CS&EP in the early years of their service tenure tends to increase their compensation packages. This study is useful for policymakers to link CS&EP with firm economic practices to attain sustainable development objectives.

A Review of the Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development

The Tourism industry has significantly contributed to diverse social and economic benefits in host communities or regions. Despite the gains that have been realized in the sector, a surging number of negative impacts has been associated with tourism development. This current study reviewed the literature on the economic, social and environmental impacts of tourism. Tourism has helped boost economic growth, increased the revenue base, created mass employment, and enhanced the development of small and medium size enterprises in host regions. Despite its positive economic strides, it has contributed to negative outcomes such as the increase in commodities prices, high cost of living and unstable tenure of service in host communities. Tourism development has resulted in positive socio-cultural impacts such as infrastructural development, and cultural exchanges. Nevertheless, it has led to socio-cultural problems, including congestion, soaring crime rates, resentment and conflicts in host communities. On the environment front, tourism has created profoundly disappointing environmental problems. These include carbon emissions, ecological disturbances and waste management problems. The aforementioned environmental problems depend on the type and scale of tourism and the level of environmental awareness of inbound tourists. To maximize the gains of tourism development, its development initiatives must explicitly consider the social and environmental dimensions. Also, the involvement of host communities in tourism planning is pivotal to sustainable tourism development.

How does CEO tenure affect corporate social and environmental disclosures in China? Moderating role of information intermediaries and independent board.

The present study provides empirical evidence on how chief executive officer (CEO) tenure influences the corporate social and environmental disclosures (CS&ED) of all listed non-financial Chinese firms from 2008 to 2016. We used fixed-effect panel data regression model to test our hypothesis. The findings show a negative impact of CEO tenure on CS&ED. Our study provides evidence that CS&ED increases in the early service tenure of CEOs than in their later service periods, as the early increase followed by a decline indicates the presence of non-linear inverted U-shaped association between CEO tenure and disclosure practices. In further analyses, we find that the negative effect of CEO tenure on CS&ED is more pronounced for the firms having a larger number of information intermediaries and independent directors, such as higher level of institutional ownership, analyst's coverage, and more independent directors in a firm. We found the stronger and robust outcomes after controlling the endogeneity problem. In conclusion, this study can be useful for policymakers to link CS&ED with firm economic practices to attain sustainable development goals. Moreover, CS&ED implementation can be an effective means for the managers to mitigate career-concerns.

The mediating role of brand knowledge on employees’ brand citizenship behaviour: Does organizational tenure matter?

Brand knowledge is a critical factor for employee ‘living the brand’. However, literature of employee brand knowledge remains underexplored. Drawing from information processing theory and the motivation and job design perspective, this study investigates the role of brand knowledge and employee organizational tenure in the development of an internal brand and specifically its impact on employee brand citizenship behaviour. We collect data from a sample of 257 employees in branded service providers in hospitality sector in Vietnam. The results indicate the influence of brand leadership and internal branding on employee brand citizenship behaviour through brand knowledge of service employees. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship-mediated theory of internal marketing, and further explain the role of leaders as knowledge facilitators when building a brand ethos among employees. Further, the service tenure of the employees was found to moderate the relationships between the antecedents and brand knowledge, demonstrating that the impact of these internal brand building activities dissipates over time; highlighting the challenge organizations face in sustaining brand citizenship behaviour among employees.

Effect of Employee Demographic Characteristics and Family/Work Conflict on Organizational Commitment Among the Police Officers in Nakuru County, Kenya.

This paper examines the demographic characteristics and related variables on family/work conflict among the Police Officers in Nakuru County, Kenya. The participants were from eight (8) Police Division and a simple random sample of 170 was derived from a total number of 278 Officers. The level of conflict that employees perceive between their working and personal lives on organizational commitment was based on their personal characteristics which included: gender, marital status, age, level of education, tenure and number of hours worked among the police officers. The report suggested that the biographical personal characteristics suggested that those who participated there were more male officers compared to the female gender. The results showed that more female police officers experienced more stress than men which spill into their work due to the multiple roles they play as wives, mothers, care givers, family career as well as employees. The results are discussed in terms of marital status, level of education, tenure of service and numbers of hours worked per day on how they influence organizational commitment among the police officers in Nakuru County, Kenya

The Relationship between Leadership Style of High Performance School towards Professional Learning Community (PLC)

This analysis centered on defining the level of transformational leadership of the principals and the degree of the practice of the Professional Learning Community (PLC) in High-Performance secondary schools. Also, this research examined the diversity in the level of transformational leadership of principals based on demographic-graphical constituents, specifically tenure of service and course attendance, next, viewed at the relationship between transformational leadership and the practice of the Professional Learning Community. This research adopted a survey method employing a questionnaire for 48 principals. This data was examined utilizing version 22.0 SPSS. These conclusions imply that nearly all principals style transformational leadership with a mean score of 4.60 and that PLC practices have been performed very often by teachers with mean scores higher than 3.67. The Pearson correlation test revealed that the relationship between transformational leadership and the practice of the professional learning community was compelling and strong (r = 0.534, p 0.01).

Reflections of an editor; An 18-year tenure in service of waders

Reflections of an editor; An 18-year tenure in service of waders