Tenure Groups Research Articles

Italian Version of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users: Initial Psychometric Evaluation among Hospital Healthcare Professionals.

Healthcare professionals frequently encounter various forms of aggression, ranging from verbal abuse to physical assaults, which can compromise both their occupational well-being and patient-care quality. Despite its prevalence and serious consequences, workplace aggression is often underreported due to a lack of standardized assessment tools. This study aims to develop a valid Italian version of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users. The scale's structure was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses on two samples of healthcare professionals during and after the pandemic. Reliability, measurement invariance, and nomological validity were examined. EFA revealed a two-factor structure comprising eight items (χ2 = 59.651, df = 13, p = 0.00; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.02), distinguishing non-physical and physical aggression, and meeting all recommended criteria. CFA confirmed this structure, demonstrating good reliability and outperforming alternative models. The same factor structure was confirmed in standard (χ2 = 35.01, df = 19, p = 0.00; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.03; SRMR = 0.02) and emergency (χ2 = 30.65, df = 19, p = 0.04; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.04) contexts. Full residual invariance was found across job tenure groups. Aggression was positively associated with emotional exhaustion, psychological distance, psychosomatic symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and turnover intentions while negatively related to job satisfaction. Nurses and healthcare assistants reported higher levels of aggression than doctors. This study provides a reliable, context-specific instrument for documenting and analysing outsider aggression. The insights can inform targeted interventions, contributing to a healthier hospital environment.

Investigating the impact of housing price increases on consumption: heterogeneity by age, tenure and housing quality

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the distributional impact of house price increases on consumption in the context of the energy transition.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws from two micro cross-sectional datasets, the English Housing Survey (EHS) and the Living Costs and Food Survey (LCFS) to study the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) out of changes in house prices. By employing pseudo-panel regressions, the paper examines the impact of house price changes on consumption among diverse household types.FindingsThis paper finds varying consumption responses to house price changes across age and tenure groups. Older homeowners tend to increase consumption when house prices rise. In contrast, middle-aged individuals, often renters or mortgage holders, reduce consumption in response to price increases. The youngest age group also experiences increased consumption but to a lesser degree than the oldest group. Energy-efficient homes are related to lower consumption across all tenure levels. However, when interacted with house prices and age, the estimates are positive, pointing to an unequal accrual of property premiums depending on housing market positions.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations stem from data constraints. First, using a pseudo-panel approach hinders control for unobservable selection bias. Additionally, while robust under cross-validation and specifications tests, the energy efficiency variable imputation results in a low number of energy-efficient homes. Due to heterogeneous responses to rising house prices, this paper contends that an energy transition model that subsidises homeowners’ renovation is likely to produce a negative impact on consumption among younger and middle-aged households.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the MPC literature by incorporating energy efficiency as a key variable. It draws from recent data to obtain new estimates. By highlighting shifts in consumption patterns the paper contributes to a well-established body of literature with renewed policy relevance regarding housing retrofit.

If you build it, who will come? Exploring the effects of rapid transit on residential movements in Metro Vancouver

As cities across the world embrace the benefits of rapid transit technology and invest in the expansion of existing infrastructure or plan for the introduction of new lines, the differences in both benefits and externalities that bus rapid transit (BRT) and rail rapid transit (RRT) bring remain unclear. This study aimed to address that gap and understand whether there was a distinction in impacts on the residential migration of households in different income and residential tenure groups as the result of BRT and RRT projects. This was achieved by exploring the effects of both modes in the same metropolitan region—metro Vancouver. This study used three BRT and three RRT lines that were in service for all or part of the 20 years spanning 1996 through 2016 to assess the rates of in-movement of households by income in Census Tracts (CTs) within 800 meters (½-mile) of a given rapid line. Our analysis suggested that areas adjacent to the Expo-Millennium RRT Corridor saw fewer in-movers between the 2001 Census and the 2016 Census than the areas without rapid transit infrastructure, while the same was true for the CTs affected by BRT lines and that had a larger than average share of new housing while holding everything else (e.g., housing supply) constant. While we did not find evidence to state that the presence of rapid transit infrastructure disproportionately affected any one of the income groups, our analysis suggested that there were more affluent renters moving in along the RRT and BRT lines. At the same time, the share of low-income renters that moved into areas close to rapid transit lines remained relatively stable. This research added a unique perspective to the debate cities and transport agencies have been experiencing with respect to decisions around the investment into different transport technologies and contributed to the argument for the need to carefully plan and provide rapid transit infrastructure together with affordable and diverse housing options.

The psychological contract and staff retention among South African higher education employees: The influence of socio-demographics

Orientation: The global skills crisis, ‘the great resignation’, and technological advancements have impacted the higher education (HE) sector in South Africa. Staff retention is at risk because of the specialised skills sought by institutions, making employment relationships and skill retention top priorities.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of socio-demographic differences on the relationship between psychological contract preferences and staff retention among South African HE employees.Motivation for the study: High staff turnover in South African HE sector and inability to retain crucial skilled employees pose challenges for HE institutions (HEIs) in a complex and diverse environment.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted on a purposively selected population of full-time employees, both academic and administrative, with a final random sample of participants (N = 493) employed in an open-distance HEI in South Africa. Inferential statistics, specifically tests for significant mean differences, were performed.Main findings: Higher education employees from different race, gender, age, job level and tenure groups differ considerably in terms of their psychological contract preferences and their satisfaction with organisational retention practices.Practical/managerial implications: Interventions for HE staff retention should prioritise strengthening diverse employees’ psychological contracts, meeting their needs, and ensuring fulfilment of promises and commitments in the employment relationship.Contribution/value-add: This paper’s unique contribution lies in the new insight it provides into the psychological contract and retention-related preferences of diverse employees in the South African HE context.

Well-Behaved Owners and Troublesome Tenants? How Dense Social Mixing Shapes Housing Communities and Dispels Prejudices

ABSTRACT This paper examines the kinds of boundaries laid by residents of mixed-tenure housing communities and how distinctions are rationalized. Based on interview data on a densely mixed community (both owner-occupied and social housing apartments mixed with stairwells) in Helsinki, Finland, I observe how residents outline their neighbourhood. Based on the analysis, urban anonymity was the most significant repertoire defining communal life, followed by others such as sense of home and fiscal prudence. In densely mixed settings, residents are forced to witness each other’s domestic life; thus, dense social mixing can prevent prejudices between tenure groups. The study results contribute to the understanding of cultural repertoires in hierarchical relationships vis-à-vis each other, creating varying contexts and defining the lived realities in communities. Empirically, the results question prevailing images of troublesome tenants and well-behaved owners.

Stigma consciousness in Toronto’s mixed-tenure Regent Park neighbourhood

The ongoing mixed-tenure redevelopment of Toronto’s Regent Park neighbourhood is a multi-decade effort to rebuild the aging community’s stock of post-war public housing and radically reshape the social composition of the community with the introduction of market owners and renters. This research provides a useful quantitative complement to the now extensive body of qualitative research concerning the neighbourhood’s redevelopment, specifically investigating perceptions of stigma among both public housing and market residents using Pinel’s Stigma Consciousness Questionnaire. We find that respondents of all tenures report relatively low levels of stigma consciousness. Unexpectedly, the largest observed difference between discrete tenure groups was between market owners and renters within the market units. Additionally, we find that non-native speakers of English report lower levels of stigma consciousness while the largest source of variation, by a wide margin, is between individuals.

Self-Injurious Thoughts & Behaviors of Firefighters: A Quantitative Descriptive Study

Introduction:Little is known about Self-Injurious Thoughts & Behaviors and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in firefighters in two East Coast United States metropolitan fire departments based on fire service tenure.Method:• Study comprised of two parts, a survey and a questionnaire, both conducted online. Using the Computer Adaptive Test–Suicide Scale The only computer-based adaptive mental and behavioral health assessment clinically validated worldwide.Validated against face-to-face structured clinician-led assessment.Participants received a unique identifier and hyperlink allowing them access and confidentiality.Study was completed on participants' personal electronic devices, on their own time, at their own pace.A single-factor or One-Way ANOVA tested for a significant relationship between the variables and the four tenure groups simultaneously. Time of administration averaged 86 seconds, with a median of eleven questions.Results:The C-SSRS identified six participants triggering suicide alerts. One in the early-career category and five in the late-career category. The CAT-SS identified one participant as high-risk and 33 participants for suicidality. One participant in the early-career category.Conclusion:Early-career and late-career firefighters have more self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and mid-career firefighters have the least.

Allocative Efficiency of Cropshare Cultivation: Interpreting the Empirical Evidence

Because of the simultaneity problems raised by supervision problems, and the low opportunity cost of labour which may induce an inverse size-productivity relationship in agriculture, tests requiring a comparison of the productivity of farmers or farms of different tenure groups tend to be biased. Even a comparison of the performance of farmers of different tenure groups, though of the same size, may not necessarily yield unbiased results. The paired t-test, which involves comparing the performance of the owner· tenants on their own and cropshare land, has been found to be the most satisfactory method of comparing the effiCiency of crop share tenancy with that of owner cultivation. The study also suggests some disciplining influence imparted by a better choice of tenant and threat of eviction, preventing the tenants from wasting the rental land.

An empirical test of measures of housing degrowth: Learning from the limited experience of England and Wales, 1981–2011

This article builds on the concept of ‘degrowth’ to create an experimental, measurable definition of ‘housing degrowth’, which can be applied to the 99% of households in mainstream housing. Like ‘degrowth’, housing degrowth runs against housing policy which has assumed that more housing is good. The article explores whether measurement of housing degrowth is possible with existing data, and whether any housing degrowth has occurred in the existing pro-growth housing system in England and Wales. Building on Kallis et al., ‘housing degrowth’ is defined as a reduction of the total resources going into housing production and use, without an increase in inequality or a loss of wellbeing. First, using the total number of rooms as a proxy, over 1981–2011, England and Wales experienced significant increases in embodied CO2 (from housing construction, maintenance and disposal). Only a handful of areas experienced reductions, even in resources per person, and in these, inequality increased, and some had very little space per person for the worst-off, likely to harm wellbeing. Second, estimated data on direct CO2 production by homes in use 2008–18 showed a reduction, which was equitable between income and tenure groups. However, the poorest were hit hardest by rising energy costs, likely to have depressed wellbeing, again failing the degrowth definition. In conclusion, assessing broad trends in housing degrowth is possible, even with imperfect data. Future intentional degrowth appears possible, but will need more political justification, changes to incentives and regulation, and a focus on those worst-off.

The impact of housing pressure on subjective well-being in urban China

Housing pressure is one of the most important factors affecting urban residents' quality of life and subjective well-being (SWB). However, few studies have examined the impact of housing pressure on people's SWB and whether housing pressure has heterogeneous effects on SWB in cities of different sizes and for different social groups is still under-researched. Using data from a large-scale social satisfaction survey of 115,000 respondents across 36 cities in China, this paper employs a multiple linear regression model to explore the combined impacts of both subjective and objective housing pressure on urban residents' SWB. It also examines the heterogeneity effects of housing pressure for different city sizes and housing tenure groups. The results show that individuals' subjective housing pressure is significantly and negatively associated with SWB, and its impact intensity is greater than most perceived living environment factors. As for objective housing pressure, only the housing rent-to-income ratio has a significant negative correlation with SWB. Dimensions of individuals' perceived quality of the living environment are also significant positive predictors for the SWB level of urban residents except for the urbanscape and portrait dimension. Housing pressure has heterogeneous effects on SWB in different city sizes and housing tenure groups.

Housing and health inequities during COVID-19: findings from the national Household Pulse Survey

BackgroundCOVID-19 has exploited the inequities within the US housing system. Examining the association between housing and health during the pandemic is imperative to reducing health inequities and improving population health.MethodsWe...

Diversity in leading and laggard regions: living standards, residual income and regional policy

Abstract This article develops a Foundational Economy contribution to debate about regional inequalities by presenting new calculations of household income after the costs of three essential items (housing, transport and utilities). These residual income measures illustrate the diversity of living standards within and between English and Welsh regions. The analysis shows a mosaic of variation in residual income and wealth accumulation driven by the variability of housing costs in four different tenure groups (outright owners, mortgage payers, private renters and social renters). The article argues that GVA averages and descriptors like “left behind” are a poor guide to differences within and between regions; they also misdirect policy towards “levelling up” the apparently unsuccessful places without directly addressing the quality of and access to essential services. From a foundational point of view, regional policy needs to focus on access to housing at reasonable cost for all income and tenure groups in every region.

Social insurance reform and absenteeism in Vietnam

There has been very little research into sickness absence in Vietnam. This article reveals how the labor market might adjust to more generous illness benefits offered by the Vietnam Social Insurance Law. In the study, we combined the difference‐in‐differences and matching techniques and used data from four waves of the Vietnam Labor Force Survey. The results indicate that the generosity of the benefits positively links to both the incidence and the duration of sick leave. The article also sheds light on the mechanism underlying the relationship by disaggregating the effects on gender, income, and job tenure groups. The results support current government efforts to enhance the public social insurance system.Key Practitioner Message:•Sickness insurance affects sick leave incidence and duration;•Low‐income workers and female workers are sensitive to sickness benefits reform;•There is a link between job tenure and sick leave.

Hubungan Iklim Organisasi dan Komitmen Terhadap Organisasi Dengan Mempertimbangkan Lama Kerja (Studi Pada Staf Pengajar dan Pendukung di Universitas Swasta X Jakarta)

This study aim is to find the correlation between organizational climate and organizational commitment with considering the employee’s tenure. The subjects of this study were 94 employees of X private university. This study used purposive sampling. Researcher used organizational climate scale and organizational commitment scale which has been developed by Susanty (2012). The result of this study using Spearman Correlation showed r = 0,694 with p = 0,000 < 0,05. It shows that there is a signigicant and positive correlation between organizational climate and organizational commitment. The result from considering the employee’s tenure is a significant and positive correlation between organizational climate and organizational commitment from two tenure groups of participants. From these results, it is concluded that the hypothesis stating there is a positive correlation between organizational climate and organizational commitment is acceptable

Residential Wealth and Its Interpersonal and Spatial Distribution in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region

Given the importance of housing as a component of a household’s worth and of aggregate national wealth, we ask: What variables determine housing value in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region? What is Rio’s aggregate residential wealth (i.e., the sum of the values of all housing units) and its distribution among household income and tenure groups and in space? In other words, what generates residential wealth? How much residential wealth is there? Who holds it? Where is it located? To address these questions, we first calibrate a hedonic residential rent model with microdata from the 2010 Population Census. We then use this model to estimate the rents for homeowners and subsequently transform the actual and imputed rents into housing values. Finally, we analyze the distribution of residential wealth by household income and tenure and subregions and discuss the policy implications of our findings.

The moderating role of tenure on the effects of job insecurity and employability on turnover intentions and absenteeism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on the role of tenure as a moderator of the effects of job insecurity (JI) and employability on turnover intentions and absenteeism and will demonstrate its importance in personnel research and theorization. Design/methodology/approach Data from a sample of client service representatives of a Peruvian call centre (n=268) were analysed. Tests of hypotheses targeted the intact group as a whole and divided into short (3–10 months), medium (11–14 months) and long job tenure groups (15–37 months). Findings Results of general linear models revealed that the effects of JI on turnover intention observed in the intact group were aligned with those seen within each of the tenure groups. However, this was not the case for the effects of JI on absenteeism or the effects of employability on turnover intention and absenteeism. A comparison of results of various regression models indicated that the effects of JI and employability on absenteeism differed in meaningful ways across the intact group and the tenure groups. Research limitations/implications The evidence does not reveal whether the observed differences stem from dynamic personnel selection processes or whether they express different relationships between the variables at various stages of an employee’s trajectory in an organization. Practical implications Human resource managers at call centres will be stimulated to re-evaluate the costs and benefits of promoting tenure, and journal editors will have to consider requesting the inclusion of tenure as a variable in studies focussing on organizations with high turnover. Originality/value This study is the first to prove that the effects of JI and employability on turnover intention and absenteeism vary across job tenure levels. It also shows the importance of addressing tenure in personnel research and theorization.

Work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intention amongst information technology employees

Talent retention is of particular concern in the information technology (IT) sector owing to globalisation, the skills shortage and rapidly advancing technology. Employee turnover has significant costs and negative consequences for organisations. The objective of this study was to explore the association between employees’ experiences of work-life balance (as measured by the Survey Work-Home Interaction- Nijmegen), job satisfaction (as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) and their turnover intention (as measured by the Turnover Intention Scale). A random sample of 79 permanently employed salaried employees in a South African IT company participated in the study. The participants were represented by predominantly white and married people between the ages of 26 and 45 and people with more than 10 years’ tenure. Regression analysis showed that experiences of negative work-home interaction and positive work-home interaction significantly predicted job satisfaction and turnover intention. Job satisfaction also significantly predicted turnover intention. However, no interaction effect was observed between overall work-life balance and job satisfaction in predicting turnover intention. White employees had significantly stronger experiences of job satisfaction and negative home-work interface, while black employees had significantly stronger positive experiences of home-work interface and lower levels of job satisfaction. White and black employees, marital status and tenure groups differed significantly regarding their job satisfaction. Talent retention strategies should consider the relationships between work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intention.

Housing Differentiation in Post-Soviet Russia: The Institutional and Economic Context of Housing Tenure Group Dynamics

This article presents the population dynamics of housing tenure groups in the changing institutional and economic conditions of post-Soviet Russia. We show that during the first stages of privatization, different income groups did not differ in the share of households whose members obtained the status of property owners, but that the share of those who owned the housing they occupied in the low-income group became lower than in other groups beginning in the early 2000s. Meanwhile, the differentiation of income groups by ownership of other housing assets remains: There are twice as many who own second housing properties among high-income households than among the poor. The modern housing stratum of Russian households represents a combination of the two large middle groups, those who own only apartments or houses (70 percent), and a multitude of small, low-populated groups: “housing minorities” of apartment tenants below that stratification (10 percent) and owners of several housing assets above it (16–17 percent). We might attribute the middle stratum to the 1.5 percent of households living in homes they themselves do not own but who own other housing assets.

Psychological work immersion enablers and behavioural indicators: Exploring socio-demographic differences among staff members

Research on surface-level diversity pertaining to differences among gender, age, race and tenure groups regarding their psychological work immersion has been limited in the South African organisational context. The present study explored whether gender, age, race and tenure groups differ significantly in terms of their perceptions of organisational enablers and behavioural indicators of employee engagement as measured by the psychological work immersion scale. The sample was a non-probability sample (N = 1 268) of individuals employed across various South African industries. The sample was predominantly made up of females (74%) and black people (86%) in the early (49%: 21–35 years) and establishment (51%: 36–50 years) career phases. Most individuals in the sample had less than five years of work experience (69%). Tests for independent samples revealed significant differences among the biographical groups on the psychological work immersion enabler and behavioural indicator variables. The results indicated that surface-level diversity characteristics are important to consider in strengthening employees’ work immersion as an aspect of employment relations. The differences observed provide valuable insights that could potentially be used by management in the design of business performance and retention strategies.

Monetary Policy when Households have Debt: New Evidence on the Transmission Mechanism

Abstract Using household survey data for the U.S. and the U.K., we show that the aggregate response of consumption to interest rate changes is driven by households with a mortgage. Outright home-owners do not adjust expenditure at all while renters change their spending but by less than mortgagors. Income rises for all households as interest rate cuts directly affect firm investment and household consumption, boosting aggregate demand. A crucial difference between the housing tenure groups is the composition of their balance sheets: mortgagors hold sizable illiquid assets but little liquid wealth. Our results reveal that general equilibrium effects on household income coupled with balance-sheet-driven heterogeneity in the marginal propensity to consume play a key role in the transmission of monetary policy.