Tennis Serve Research Articles

Relationship Between Tennis Serve Velocity and Select Performance Measures.

Hayes, MJ, Spits, DR, Watts, DG, and Kelly, VG. Relationship between tennis serve velocity and select performance measures. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 190-197, 2021-The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between tennis serve speed and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) kinetic variables: countermovement jump (CMJ) height, shoulder internal and external rotation strength, and anthropometric measures in elite adolescent tennis players. Twenty-one elite junior tennis players from the Tennis Australia National Academy were recruited for this study (male, n = 12 and female, n = 9). Correlations between the performance variables and peak tennis serve speed were calculated using a Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. A significant positive correlation was found between peak serve speed and body height (r = 0.80, p < 0.01), IMTP peak force (r = 0.87, p < 0.01), CMJ height (r = 0.77, p ≤ 0.01), and impulse at 300 ms (r = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01). A significant, strong correlation was found between peak serve speed and impulse at 100 ms (r = 0.58, p ≤ 0.01), impulse at 200 ms (r = 0.64, p ≤ 0.01), internal rotation <90° (r = 0.63, p ≤ 0.01), and external rotation <90° (r = 0.63, p ≤ 0.01). Because of the significant positive correlations between IMTP variables, CMJ height and peak serve speed, strength and conditioning coaches with access to a force plate should consider using the IMTP to athletically profile athletes in regards to their strength, power, and injury risk.

Teaching Large Groups the Tennis Serve: Optimizing Practice Opportunities and Providing Individual Feedback

This article describes a progressive methodology for teaching the tennis serve to large groups with a focus on optimizing practice opportunities and providing individual feedback to players. Specifically, it delineates teaching the serve to 24 players on two courts. The methodology can be adapted for more players and/or more courts as appropriate, and may prove useful to teachers or coaches who teach tennis to large groups with limited court availability in classes, clinics or team practices. Safety considerations with regard to the positioning of players on the courts, as well as general safety aspects of teaching the tennis serve (e.g., returning tennis balls to hoppers and swinging racquets) are given. At each step of the progression, focal points and common errors are provided to ensure that players avoid bad habits and that teachers or coaches know the focus of each particular step in the progression.

Attempts to Detect Microsaccades from Eye Movements in Anticipatory Response Situations: Introducing Anticipatory Response Tasks toward Tennis Serve

Attempts to Detect Microsaccades from Eye Movements in Anticipatory Response Situations: Introducing Anticipatory Response Tasks toward Tennis Serve

The Effect of Motor Performance on Sportive Performance of Children in Different Sports Branches

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between motor performances of children aged 10-14 years and ball striking speeds made by specific technique and to determine motor performance differences between the branches. A total of 64 children (football = 22, volleyball = 19, tennis = 23) aged 10-14 years participated in the study. The motor performances of the children participating in the study were determined with the Dordel Koch Test and the ball hitting velocities with the radar instrument. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between ball hitting velocities and motor performance, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the difference between the engine performances of the branches. According to the results obtained, there was a positive correlation between the DKTstanding long jump performance of the soccer players and the shooting speeds, between the volleyball players' DKTshuttle and DKTpush-up performances and the service speeds, between the DKTshuttle and DKTpush-up performances of the tennis players and service and forehand strokes p&lt;0.01. It was determined that soccer players had higher performance than both tennis players and volleyball players in the DKTpush-up test, while football players in DKTbalance test had lower performance than both tennis players and volleyball players p &lt;0.05. As a result, it has been found that motor performances differ according to the children’s branches. In addition, it is considered that the requirements of the sports branch (active use of the lower extremity, volleyball and upper extremity in the football) are effective on motor performance.

Investigating the Role of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Eye-Hand Dominance in ATP Qualification and Tennis Serve Performance of Professional Tennis Players

Investigating the Role of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Eye-Hand Dominance in ATP Qualification and Tennis Serve Performance of Professional Tennis Players

INFLUENCE OF MUSCLE SLEEVE STRENGTH, TOGOK FORMATION, EYE COORDINATION AND SELF-CONFIDENCE IN SERVICE SKILLSTENNIS COURT

This study aims to analysis the direct and indirect effect of hand strength, trunk flexibility, hand eye coordination and self confidence to the tennis service skills. The research was conducted on tennis athletes in Jambi City at outdoor tennis court Jambi University Telanai Pura Jambi City Jambi Province.The research method used in this research is the type of quantitative research with correlation study approach. Analytical technique using path analysis.The results of this study indicate that: 1) Hand strength has a direct effect to the self confidence of tennis athletes of Jambi in the amount of 23.52%; 2) The trunk flexibility has a direct effect to the self confidence of tennis athletes of Jambi in the amount of 8.24%; 3) Hand eye coordination has no direct effect to the self confidence of tennis athletes of Jambi with magnitude of influence only 2.86%; 4) Hand strength has a direct influence on service skills of tennis athletes of Jambi in the amount of 10.56%; 5) The trunk flexibility has a direct influence on service skills of tennis athletes of Jambi in the amount of 14.82%; 6) Hand eye coordination does not have a direct impact on service skills of tennis athletes of Jambi with magnitude of influence only 0.04%; 7) Confidence has a direct influence on service skills of tennis athletes of Jambi in the amount of 7.95%; 8) Hand strength has an indirect effect on the service skills of tennis athletes of Jambi through self confidence in the amount of 4.45%; 9) The trunk flexibility has an indirect influence on service skills of tennis athletes of Jambi through self-confidence in the amount of 3.12%; and 10) Hand eye coordination does not have an indirect effect on the service skills of Jambi's tennis athletes through self confidence with magnitude of influence only 0.09%.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Service skills, hand strength, trunk flexibility, hand eye coordination, and self confidence

Plantar pressures in simulated tennis movements at different surfaces

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Analysis of plantar pressures during sport movement performance can provide significant information to athletes and coaches regarding sport performance and plantar loads. Tennis is a sport that is played in different surfaces. Therefore, the terrain is a critical factor that determines both the bounce of the ball, and how the player moves on the court. The purpose of this study was to examine the plantar pressures in two different surfaces of tennis courts (greenset - synthetic grass) when performing a sequence of two basic tennis movements, service and return in combination with forehand and backhand strokes.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Imagining Success: Multiple Achievement Goals and the Effectiveness of Imagery

ABSTRACTImagery (richly imagining carrying out a task successfully) is a popular performance-enhancement tool in many domains. This experiment sought to test whether pursuing two achievement goals (vs. one) benefits performance after an imagery exercise. We examined mastery goals (aiming to improve skill level) and performance goals (aiming to outperform others) among 65 tennis players who were assigned to a mastery goal condition, a performance goal condition, or a mastery goal and performance goal condition. After reading instructions for a service task, which included the goal manipulation, participants completed 20 tennis services. They then completed an imagery exercise and, finally, completed another 20 services. Postimagery service performance was better in the dual-goal condition than in the other conditions.

Influence of Posture-Cuing Shirt on Tennis Serve Kinematics in Division III Tennis Players

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a posture-cuing shirt on internal rotation velocity of the shoulder during a tennis swing and to determine this influence on shoulder external rotation position. MethodsNine healthy competitive college tennis players from a Division III college participated in this study. High-speed motion capture allowed for 3-dimensional analysis of shoulder kinematics during a tennis serve. Two conditions were evaluated while the athletes performed a high-velocity tennis serve: a standard tennis shirt and a posture-cuing shirt. ResultsShoulder internal rotation velocity increased when wearing the posture-cuing shirt. Peak internal rotation velocity increased from 960.61°/s ± 93.24°/s to 1217.96°/s ± 155.01°/s (t = –1.76, P = .058). Internal rotation velocity at the time of impact increased from 765.18°/s ± 95.48°/s to 900.54°/s ± 105.33°/s (t = –1.50, P = .086). Shoulder maximum external rotation did not differ between the 2 conditions, at 172.00° ± 2.92° and 170.89° ± 3.70° (t = 0.325, P = .754). ConclusionsWearing a posture-cuing shirt may possibly alter shoulder kinematics during an overhead sport activity such as tennis. Internal rotation velocity seemed to improve while wearing this shirt, although shoulder external rotation position did not change. It is not known if these improvements can influence injury risk.

The Relationship Between Maximum Isometric Strength and Ball Velocity in the Tennis Serve.

The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between maximum isometric strength levels in different upper and lower limb joints and serve velocity in competitive tennis players as well as to develop a prediction model based on this information. Twelve male competitive tennis players (mean ± SD; age: 17.2 ± 1.0 years; body height: 180.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 71.9 ± 5.6 kg) were tested using maximum isometric strength levels (i.e., wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion and extension; leg and back extension; shoulder external and internal rotation). Serve velocity was measured using a radar gun. Results showed a strong positive relationship between serve velocity and shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.67; p < 0.05). Low to moderate correlations were also found between serve velocity and wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion – extension, leg and back extension and shoulder external rotation (r = 0.36 – 0.53; p = 0.377 – 0.054). Bivariate and multivariate models for predicting serve velocity were developed, with shoulder flexion and internal rotation explaining 55% of the variance in serve velocity (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The maximum isometric strength level in shoulder internal rotation was strongly related to serve velocity, and a large part of the variability in serve velocity was explained by the maximum isometric strength levels in shoulder internal rotation and shoulder flexion.

Effects of a Three-Set Tennis Match on Knee Kinematics and Leg Muscle Activation during the Tennis Serve.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a three-set tennis match on knee kinematics and leg muscle activation during the tennis serve in a real-time environment. Motion capture data and wireless electromyography of hamstrings and quadriceps muscles were collected from the back leg during the serve. A reduction of maximum knee flexion angle and a decrease of electromyography amplitudes in leg muscles were observed during the match. However, the knee angular velocity and the electromyography frequency of leg muscles remain unchanged throughout the match. The intermuscular compensation strategy to counteract fatigue might explain that the knee angular velocity was maintained despite reductions in knee flexion angle and electromyography activity of leg muscles.

Biomechanical Analysis of Upper Extremity according to the Types of Tennis Serve

본 연구는 테니스의 플랫, 스핀, 슬라이스 서브 동작에 대한 운동학적 변인 및 근육활동 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 대학교 엘리트 선수 6명을 대상으로 목표 지점에 플랫, 스핀, 슬라이스 서브를 각각 실시하였으며 각 서브 동작에 대하여 영상분석과 근전도 분석을 실시하였다. 동작 별 운동학적 및 근육활동 변인의 통계적 차이를 알아보기 위하여 일원반복분산분석을 실시하였다.(p.05). 이러한 실험을 통하여 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 임팩트 시 좌우 거리와 전후 거리는 플랫 서브가 긴 것으로 나타났다. 또한 라켓 속도는 임팩트 시 X방향의 경우 스핀 서브가 빠르며, Y방향의 경우 플랫 서브와 슬라이스 서브가 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 임팩트 시 어깨회전각은 스핀 서브가 가장 크며, 손목 각속도와 어깨 회전 각속도는 스핀 서브와 슬라이스 서브에서 크게 나타났다. 임팩트 구간에서 삼두근과 승모근의 적분근전도가 큰 것으로 나타나고 있다.

The Relationship of Some Kinematic Variables Between Ball Impact Angle with the Racket In Lawn Tennis Serving (High And Low)

هدف البحث في التعرف على عالقة زاوية تصادم الكرة مع المضرب ببعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية ألداء مهارة االرسال )المستقيم والقاطع الواطئ والقاطع العالي( واهم الفروض، هناك عالق ذات داللة احصائية بين زاوية التصادم المضرب بالكرة و بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية مهارة الارسال)المستقيم والقاطع الواطئ والقاطع العالي( وشملت عينة البحث على )4 )العبين يمثلون منتخب جامعة بغداد وتم استخراج قيم اهم المتغيرات الكيمناتيكية ألداء االرسال بأنواعه الثالث واستنتج الباحثون-ان لزاوية التصادم للكرة مع المضرب اهمية كبيرة في تحديد نوع االرسال وزيادة امكانية االعب في استخدام الارسال للحصول على نقطة من خالل التنويع في اماكن وزوايا سقوط الكرة وارتفاعها .

Tennis enhances well-being in university students

Sports and physical activity are widely recommended, both as guidelines and in clinical practice, because of their broad range of positive effects on health, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being. While several studies have examined the anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects of physical activity in clinical populations, and fewer studies have focused on the nonclinical populations, the relationship between tennis and well-being has not been clearly investigated. This study was carried out with 76 student volunteers from Kocaeli University (Turkey) who had chosen tennis lessons as their University. The tennis exercise program consisted of 90-minute basic tennis skills lessons for 13 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the students were given the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scales, and were evaluated by the DeWitt-Dugan Tennis Service Test, the DeWitt-Dugan Speed Test, and the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test. Upon evaluating the students' pre- and post-test scores, we concluded that their BDI and BAI scores had significantly decreased, with the most significant decreases seen in several sub-scores of the SCL-90-R; their tennis skills, meanwhile, increased significantly. This study shows that partaking in tennis exercise once a week decreases depression and anxiety symptoms and enhances well-being in healthy young people.

Tennis Enhances Well-being in University Students.

Sports and physical activity are widely recommended, both as guidelines and in clinical practice, because of their broad range of positive effects on health, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being. While several studies have examined the anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects of physical activity in clinical populations, and fewer studies have focused on the nonclinical populations, the relationship between tennis and well-being has not been clearly investigated. This study was carried out with 76 student volunteers from Kocaeli University (Turkey) who had chosen tennis lessons as their University. The tennis exercise program consisted of 90-minute basic tennis skills lessons for 13 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the students were given the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scales, and were evaluated by the DeWitt-Dugan Tennis Service Test, the DeWitt-Dugan Speed Test, and the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test. Upon evaluating the students’ pre- and post-test scores, we concluded that their BDI and BAI scores had significantly decreased, with the most significant decreases seen in several sub-scores of the SCL-90-R; their tennis skills, meanwhile, increased significantly. This study shows that partaking in tennis exercise once a week decreases depression and anxiety symptoms and enhances well-being in healthy young people.

A comparison of service efficiency between players of male and female doubles at professional tennis tournaments

Male and female players have a different quality of service. For example, men can reach a higher service speed, or use more ball spin. Tennis service has also a different efficiency on different surfaces. Every surface has specific characteristics and has different effects on ball impact and ball bounce. The aim of our study was to compare the amount of service points won between male and female players in men’s and women’s doubles at ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) and WTA (Women Tennis Association) tournaments on three different surfaces. We observed a total of 303 matches. Matches were played on clay, hard and grass courts. With the help of match records, we found that men won around 10% service points more than women. Results indicate that women’s doubles matches show greater differences in performance between opponents. Men also need to win more service points than women, to win a match. Fast surfaces provide a greater advantage for serving teams, both for men and women. The lowest serve efficiency was reached on clay (slow surface) both in the men’s and women’s doubles.

Digital Dynamometer and Goniometer in Analyzing Isometric Capacities and Tennis Serving

The study was to investigate relation between tennis serving techniques and shoulder joint muscles in various skilled players in Taiwan. The study used Micro FET3 (Digital Manual Muscle Dynamometer and Goniometer) which appraised the isometric capacity of the shoulder joint and perimeter muscle. The research consists of 13 collegiate male tennis players; 6 players were in elite groups and the other 7 players were in general groups. The tennis players performed 30 servers testing the range to appraise serve technique reflect. The application of t-test and Linear Regression analyzed the serve technique reflect interrelated with the shoulder joint muscle. The muscle strength and the serve accuracy predominate interrelated place where middle trapezius, shoulder internal rotator, and shoulder external rotator of favor hands were obvious. The muscle strength and the serve speed predominated interrelated place where shoulder internal rotator and shoulder external rotator of favor hands were obvious. This study also discovered triceps of favor hands, shoulder extensor, shoulder abductor, triceps, and middle trapezius of non- favor hands muscle strength didn't have any outstanding reference with tennis league table. The research confirmed that the shoulder joint muscle discipline increased shoulder internal rotator, shoulder external rotator, and middle trapezius that help the serve technique reflect.

Kinematic Analysis of the Whole Body Center of Gravity Trajectory and Time Structure of the Tennis Serve Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectory of the Center of gravity and hitting hand motion, how the momentum and force transfer from the whole body to the ball. High level player (age 32 y; height 181 cm; mass 75 kg) volunteered in this study. After the player warm up he had five trials before recording. Six trials were captured using two synchronize camera (Basler 100 Hz). The best successful three trials were selected for 3D motion analysis using (Winanalyze v2.0). The force curve for Center of gravity and hitting hand had a same path but there is a little difference in the momentum curve at the impact instant. This study suggests that combining of balance and coordination exercises may help to maintain the Center of gravity force trajectory in the same path with the hitting hand which gives an advantage for success serve. The takeoff within minimum time helps to increase the velocity of the Center of gravity and doesn't loss a generated force from the body to the hitting hand.

How Does the Scapula Move during the Tennis Serve?

This study aimed to describe the scapulothoracic kinematics during the tennis serve in highly skilled tennis players. Thirteen male competitive players performed flat first serves while eight high-speed cameras recorded the three-dimensional trajectories of the 15 markers located on bony landmarks. The scapular position through the tennis serve was determined using the acromial marker cluster method. The results revealed that, during the cocking phase, the scapula externally rotated and posteriorly tilted to attain the maximal humeral external rotation. During the acceleration phase, the scapula upwardly rotated and anteriorly tilted to reach maximal racket head height. During the follow-through phase, the scapula internally and downwardly rotated, and posteriorly tilted, while the upper limb lowered and crossed the player's body. The findings of this study provide new knowledge on the asymptomatic scapular motion during the tennis serve, which may help clinicians and coaches to understand the overhead sport motion mechanics and to better prevent and rehabilitate overhead shoulder injuries.

Contextual Interference in Learning Three Table Tennis Services

The purpose of the present study was to examine if contextual effect remained robust after more than 2400 trials in learning three table tennis services. Participants (n=38) performed three table tennis services tasks in blocked and random practice schedule. After completing 10 acquisition session participants were required to perform retention tests. The results showed that in acquisition, the blocked (low CI) group outperformed the random group (high CI) that is has contingency with CI effect, but in retention the random group was not better in the random retention and it was worse in the blocked retention. It is concluded that CI may be just beneficial in learning tasks that must be performed in random order in the retention and when there is some limitation in the number of acquisition trials.