Tennis Athletes Research Articles

Nutritional Needs in Court Tennis Athletes

This study explores the specific nutritional needs of field tennis athletes, a sport discipline that demands strength, endurance, agility, and high concentration. The purpose of this study was to understand how proper dietary intake can support physical fitness, maximum performance, efficient recovery, and general health of athletes. The research methodology involved a detailed survey of a number of field tennis athletes, as well as an analysis of related scientific literature and several journals. The parameters considered include the necessary nutritional composition, caloric intake, proper meal timing, and other special aspects relating to the nutritional needs of court tennis athletes. The results showed that appropriate nutrient intake is a key element in maintaining and improving the performance of court tennis athletes. An understanding of the need for carbohydrates, proteins, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals is important in maintaining energy, speeding recovery, and optimizing strength and endurance. In conclusion, field tennis athletes need a carefully planned diet to reach their full potential. This research provides useful guidance for athletes, coaches, and health professionals in designing nutrition strategies that fit the individual needs of athletes.

COMPARISON OF UPPER LIMB REACTION SPEED BETWEEN YOUNG TABLE TENNIS AND BADMINTON ATHLETES USING THE LYMMIC ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

<p>The aim of the present study was to compare the upper limb reaction time between young athletes (boys) of table tennis and badminton. Two groups of 14 table tennis and badminton athletes (a total of 28 athletes) with a mean age of 14±1.65 and mean involvement in these sports of 5±1.32 were the sample of the study. The visual stimulus tests used to record reaction times were as follows: a) left hand simple reaction time test, b) right hand simple reaction time test, c) left hand choice reaction time test, d) right hand choice reaction time test. The tools used for the measurements were a special light sensor and other technological means. ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (p<0.05) were applied for statistical data processing. The analysis of the results showed no statistically significant differences in any of the 4 tests of the athletes. The findings and the way of measuring reaction speed could be used by the athletes’ coaches to enrich and improve the training process.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0091/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Development of youth tennis players: A study based on the ranking history of top ATP/WTA players worldwide and China.

The top 100 ATP/WTA ranking points are a crucial indicator of entry into the high-level world of tennis players, and the number of players from a nation in this ranking reflects the overall level of their tennis. However, the growth time series characteristics of elite tennis athletes are unclear. This study aims to examine the historical career ranking changes of elite players and provide valuable insights for aspiring young players looking to achieve success in the sport. At the same time, it is of great significance for the efficient and sustainable cultivation of Chinese tennis players. Data on the rankings of 202 players were analyzed, Spearman and Pearson correlations were employed to investigate the association between ranking and time-use patterns. The variance test was utilized to compare disparities in time characteristics of the ranking, with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. There was a significant correlation between the time of entering the professional tournament ranking system and the ranking, top 100 time, top 100 age, and age of starting tennis. Top 50 ATP players are earlier than those ranked 51-100. There was a significant difference between the age of starting tennis and the time to top 10 among the ATP and WTA players. Chinese female players showed no significant differences compared to their global Top 10 counterparts in terms of time-to-success characteristics. The elite tennis players who achieve success typically start playing and competing in the sport at a young age, with professional competition often commencing around 18 years of age. Notably, these players frequently attain high rankings before reaching the age of 20. Furthermore, top 10 ATP male players tend to start tennis at an earlier age and require a shorter time to achieve a top 10 ranking compared with WTA female players.

Development of the Chop Instrument in Table Tennis

The purpose of this research is to make a chop meter for table tennis. This research method is research and development or Research and Development (R&amp;D). The population and sample in this study were 20 PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes. The research was carried out on February 13, 2023, by giving a questionnaire to 2 media experts and two material experts. The first test of Chop on March 5, 2023, and the second on March 7, 2023, tests the instruments reliability. The Criteria Test uses the results of the jurys assessment in the form of an assessment matrix to be carried out on March 6, 2023, to find the validity of the test. This study involved the first and second test samples of 20 Pasir Pengaraian PTM athletes, using data collection methods with questionnaires and tests. The study results were obtained from material experts 87.70% and 94% (very appropriate) and media experts 91% and 89.80% (decent) validity 0.91 and reliability 0.87, indicating validity and reliability based on the Kirkendall category

The Influence Of Multiball Training On The Forehand Ability Of Table Tennis Athletes Towarded Ptmsi Pekanbaru

The goal to be achieved in this study is to find out how much influence multiball training has on the forehand hitting ability of table tennis athletes assisted by PTMSI Pekanbaru. This type of research is research using the normality test, a method used by researchers to look for causal relationships—also called relationships between two factors—which are deliberately made by eliminating, reducing, or ignoring other disturbing factors. Meanwhile, to determine, under controlled conditions, the effect of the independent variable (treatment/treatment) on the independent variable (outcome. In this study, the variable (X1) is the effect of multiball training, variable (y) is the ability to hit the forehand, the research was carried out at Beautiful Beautiful Gorge marsan on PTMSI Pekanbaru athletes. The time used to carry out this research was for 12 meetings. The sampling was carried out in total sampling, where the population was used as a total sample of 10 coached athlete students. The instrument to be used in this study was a test table tennis backboard.Based on the results of the pree test calculation there is a very good score, namely 1 person with a score of 21, and the results of the post test calculation there is a very good value, namely 1 person with a score of 32. From the results of the pree test and post test calculations the value is very low, namely 0 % .

Lower-Extremity Injuries Predominate in American High School Tennis Players

To describe injury epidemiology in U.S. adolescent tennis players between 2014 and 2018 via the High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) database. The HS RIO database was queried for injury data on high school tennis players as reported by athletic trainers between 2014 and 2018. Injuries were analyzed according to athlete demographics, injury type, location, and context. Variables of interest between male and female athletes were compared using Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test. In total, 176 injuries in high school tennis players between 2014 and 2018 were identified in the HS RIO database. Overall, 25.6% (45/176) occurred in the ankle, 12.5% (22/176) in the knee, and 9.7% (17/176) in the wrist. The most common types of injuries were ligament sprains and muscle strains at 35.2% (62/176) and 17.6% (31/176) of injuries, respectively. Although most injuries were unrelated to contact, such as overuse and heat exertion or stroke, 28.7% (47/176) of injuries were the result of rotation around a planted foot/inversion of the foot. We found no difference in injury patterns between male and female high school tennis athletes. We found no difference in injury patterns between male and female U.S. high school tennis athletes. The ankles, knees, and wrists were the most commonly injured areas in this population. The most common types of injuries were ligament sprains and muscle strains. Although many injuries were new, athletes rarely required surgery and returned to play. Finally, we found no difference in injury patterns between male and female high school tennis athletes. The epidemiology of injuries among high school tennis players is poorly understood. The information from this study will help us to understand these injuries and how we may be able to better prevent them.

Stroboscopic Eyewear Applied During Warm-Up Does Not Provide Additional Benefits to the Sport-Specific Reaction Speed in Highly Trained Table Tennis Athletes.

While long-term training with stroboscopic eyewear suggests performance-enhancing effects on visuomotor abilities, it remains unclear whether a short-term application, for example, during a warm-up, results in immediate performance gains. This study evaluated potential performance-enhancing effects of stroboscopic eyewear applied during warm-up on reaction speed that may provide athletes an edge in visuomotor-demanding sports. Twenty-eight international-level table tennis athletes participated in this study. Participants performed their individual 10-minute table-tennis-specific warm-up under normal visual conditions and with stroboscopic eyewear. Prior to and after the warm-up, visuomotor reaction time was assessed in a sport-specific reaction test where athletes had to return 30 table tennis balls played by a ball machine at high speed to their backhand side. Reaction time was determined as the interval between ball output and movement onset as triggered by a mechanical switch. Furthermore, the time between ball-table contact and ball-racket contact (hit time) was analyzed as an indicator of how early the athletes intercepted the ball. Reaction time significantly improved following the warm-up (P < .001, ηp2=.393). However, there was no additional benefit of the stroboscopic eyewear (P = .338, ηp2=.034). No changes after the warm-up were observed for hit time (P = .246, ηp2=.055). The results indicate that warm-up facilitated visuomotor reaction speed; however, stroboscopic eyewear did not provide additional positive effects when compared to a warm-up under normal visual conditions. While shutter glasses may be useful for training over longer periods, short-term positive effects were not supported in this study.

The influence of parents and coach’s roles on character building in 18 years junior tennis athlete

This study aims to determine the effect of the role of parents and coaches on the character of junior tennis players in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). This research is a correlational study using a quantitative approach. Data colection techniques using a questionnaire. The sample for this study consisted of 32 junior tennis respondents in DIY using a purposive sampling technique. The reliability and validity of the instruments used in this study have been examined, and experts have been consulted. Technique for data analysis based on multiple regression. Based on the results of the t-test analysis, the significant value of the variable role of parents is p 0.05 and coaches is p 0.05. This shows that partially the role of parents and coaches influences the character of DIY junior tennis players. Using the F test, the analysis yielded a significance level of p less than 0.05, while the value of Rsquare=0.719, meaning that 71.9% of the characteristics of DIY junior tennis players are influenced by the role of parents and coaches. Thus, it can be concluded that the roles of parents and coaches simultaneously have an influence on the character of DIY junior tennis players. Therefore, in providing character education to junior tennis players both inside and outside the field, external encouragement is needed, both from parents and coaches.

Design the Training Program to Improve the Strength, Agility, and Quickness of the Table Tennis Players in Jing Zhou City

Background and Aim: With the continuous development of the project and the increasing confrontation and competitiveness of this competition, the physical fitness of the players is being given higher requirements. Therefore, the objective of this research was to compare it with the traditional training method. The combination of digital technology and traditional table tennis strength, agility, and quickness training methods are more effective. Materials and Methods: The population used in this research was 120 students at Jing Zhou City Sports School. According to the formula of Yamane, the total was 92 samples. This research introduces the training programs for table tennis players, focusing on the theories of training strength, agility, and quickness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the training plan, and the final indicators were obtained through a questionnaire survey. The training experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The research results show that: (1) Compared with the conventional lower limb mobility training, the compound training method is better in sports load monitoring. (2) Compared with the conventional lower limb mobility training method, table tennis coaches and athletes pay more attention to the integration of digital technology compound training methods in improving the ability of lower limb mobility. Conclusion: The research findings were: (1) the Effect of compound training on half-meter word test performance, (2) the Effect of compound training on the performance of side slip plus linear sprint test, (3) the Effect of compound training on SJ squat jump test performance.

Edukasi Penanganan Cedera Sprain Ankle Pada Atlet Di Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Tennis Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Tennis court is a sport that is very popular with the public. Usually, this activity aims to increase achievement and exercise for fitness and health. Endurance and strength are very important components of physical condition. In tennis, athletes often experience musculoskeletal injuries, especially in the extremities. Observations on the field show that one of the injuries that tennis athletes often experience is an ankle sprain. Ankle sprains that occur in tennis players usually occur due to a sudden turn in the ankle with a strong force that causes a tear in the ligament. In an effort to prevent ankle sprains in tennis athletes at UKM Tennis at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, it is necessary to educate the athletes about proper handling of injuries and prevention of recurrence of injuries. Providing education is carried out through counseling methods and using leaflet media. To see the level of success of implementing counseling regarding handling ankle sprain injuries with the exercise therapy method for field tennis athletes at UKM Tennis, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, pre-tests and post-tests were given via the Google form before and after the presentation of the material. From the data obtained, the provision of education through counseling and leaflet media has an influence on the knowledge of athletes, although not too significant. The obstacle in implementing this community is the limited time given from the target community.

Nash equilibrium and tennis serve performance: a game theory analysis

ABSTRACT This study presents an in-depth analysis of the serve in men’s singles tennis matches at Wimbledon based on game theory, with the quantitative tool of the stroke performance relevance (SPR) model. This model quantifies tennis tactics more precisely, taking “each stroke” as the observation unit, and it includes scoring, losing points, and sequential information. Unlike traditional methods that consider “each point”, the SPR metrics captures the role of specific technical actions throughout the match more comprehensively. While standard serve data like aces and double faults have no significant impact on match outcomes, the serve SPR index does. In a game matrix model with two pure strategy Nash equilibria, both the winner and loser show higher SPR indices than those with fewer equilibria. Winners consistently exhibited a higher serve SPR index, indicating that the two pure strategy Nash equilibria significantly influenced match outcomes on grass courts. This underscores the role of tactical strategies and Nash equilibrium in determining match results, offering scientific and theoretical support for tennis athletes’ and coaches’ tactics.

Comparing the add-on effect on agility improvement between visuomotor and plyometric training among university tennis team

&lt;p&gt;目的：敏捷為網球運動表現重要能力的關鍵指標。本研究評估視覺反應動作訓練和 增強式訓練，對網球選手在眼腳反應時間、下肢力量、速度與敏捷性之成效。方法 ：以大學網球選手分別為視覺反應動作訓練組、增強式訓練組與控制組各 24 人， 共計 72 人。三組均接受 4 週相同的網球訓練 (每週 3 天，每天 2 小時)，每次完 成網球訓練後，視覺反應動作訓練組及增強式訓練組額外增加 3.5 分鐘輔助訓練。 採用成對 t-test 比較受試者組內前後測有無差異，及單因子變異數分析 (One-way ANOVA) 比較三組間眼腳反應時間、下肢力量、速度與敏捷性及成效。結果：(一) 視覺反應動作訓練組與增強式訓練組經訓練後，慣用與非慣用腳之眼腳反應時間、 下肢力量、速度與敏捷性均顯著進步 (p &lt; .05)。(二) 視覺反應動作訓練組之慣用腳 之眼腳反應時間顯著優於控制組 (p &lt; .05)，非慣用腳之眼腳反應時間顯著優於增強 式訓練組與控制組 (p &lt; .001)。(三) 增強式訓練組在下肢力量與敏捷性顯著優於控 制組 (p &lt; .05)。(四) 視覺反應動作訓練組與增強式訓練組在速度皆顯著優於控制組 (p &lt; .05)。結論：視覺反應動作訓練組與增強式訓練組在眼腳反應時間、下肢力量、 速度與敏捷性等均提升，惟眼腳反應時間是視覺反應動作訓練組相較二組佳，而增 強式訓練組在下肢力量、速度與敏捷性相較二組顯著提升。建議教練在訓練時可依 選手欲加強之處，斟酌選擇補強訓練方式，以達提升敏捷能力。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: Agility is one of the critical indicators of tennis performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eye-foot response time, lower limb strength, speed, and agility through visual reaction and plyometric training among tennis athletes. Methods: University tennis athletes were assigned to visual reaction training (n = 24), plyometric training (n = 24), and active-control groups (n = 24). Three groups received the same tennis session for 4 weeks (2 hours a day, 3 days a week). After each session, the visual reaction and plyometric training groups had 3.5 min extra auxiliary training. Paired t-test was made to compare these measures before and after 4-week training. In addition, one-way ANOVA was used to compare these measures and the improvement of these measures after 4-week training among the three study groups. Results: (1) After 4-week training, the visual reaction training group and plyometric training group showed significant improvement in the eyefoot response time of the dominant and non-dominant foot, lower limb strength, speed, and agility (p &lt; .05). (2) The visual reaction training group had a significantly better of the dominant foot than the control group (p &lt; .05) and significantly better eye-foot response time of the non-dominant foot than the plyometric training group and control group (p &lt; .001). (3) The plyometric training group was significantly better than the control group in lower limb strength and agility (p &lt; .05). (4) The visual reaction training and plyometric training groups were both significantly better than the control group in speed (p &lt; .05). Conclusion: The eye-foot response time, lower limb strength, speed, and agility in visual reaction training and plyometric training groups were all improved. In contrast, the eye-foot response time was better in the visual reaction training group than in the other groups, while the lower limb strength, speed, and agility showed significant improvement in the plyometric training group compared to the other groups. Therefore, we recommended that coaches choose our two auxiliary training programs according to the athlete&amp;rsquo;s demands.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Comparative Study on the Topspin and Retopspin Execution Biomechanics in Female Cadets

Background: Many high-performance table tennis specialists and athletes may wonder if there are differences between the two most used technical-tactical elements in attack and which are these, given that their name and the biomechanical execution are characterized by approximately similar landmarks. Knowing the differences between the two technical elements, we will be able to understand and streamline the execution biomechanics. The biomechanical analysis of a large number of athletes on the three stages of execution and speed developed at the time of using topspin or retopspin (counter loop). Methods: The research engaged several 10 Romanian sportswomen involved in high-performance table tennis, with ages between 13-15 years old. Goal: Identify the distinctive biomechanical features between the two elements and the speed needed for execution optimization. Results: For data collection, analysis, and interpretation, we used Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics 23, analysis software Dartfish 360s, and for the technical-tactical expression level ‘’Topspin with crosswise retopspin, forehand, and backhand’’, “Butterfly” and “Multiball training”. Conclusions (4): The preparation of the forehand topspin hit requires an angle of 146.36 degrees(0) and 0.36 seconds(s) for the entire execution, while the forehand retopspin is 134.20 and 0.31 s, backhand topspin hit requires an angle of 920 and 0.32 s, while the retopspin 86,720 and 0.26 s for the entire execution.

Analysis of Achievement Motivation in Male and Female Tennis Athletes at the Competitive Level of Yogyakarta

Analysis of Achievement Motivation in Male and Female Tennis Athletes at the Competitive Level of Yogyakarta

The Coach Leadership Style: How it Impacts on the Sports Commitment and Playing Skills of Student Tennis Athletes?

Study purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the coach’s leadership style model on increasing the level of sports commitment and tennis skills. Materials and methods. A mixed method was applied in this study. The participants (n=30) were student athletes at Surabaya State University. This study used the quantitative instrument which used the sports commitment grade scale to assess the level of sports commitment, the forehand and backhand tests were used to measure playing skills. While the qualitative instrument used in-depth interviews. The independent sample t-test was used to present differences in sports commitment scores and playing skills before and after the experiment in the experimental and control groups. The paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the coach’s leadership style model on the experimental and control groups. Qualitative statistical analysis used qualitative thematic analysis. Results. The quantitative study results showed that there was no difference in the level of sports commitment and playing skills between the experimental and control groups before the experiment (p&gt;0.05), but there was a difference after the experiment (p&lt;0.05). The paired sample t-test proved that the effect on increasing sports commitment and playing skills in the experimental group was better than in the control group (p&lt;0.05). In qualitative research, student athletes stated that the coach’s leadership style had advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions. Finally, student athletes emphasized that this program had a real and positive impact on the development of their sports commitment and playing skills.

Comparison of the activation and mechanical properties of scapulothoracic muscles in young tennis players with and without scapular dyskinesis: an observational comparative study

In tennis athletes with scapular dyskinesis, the activation of the scapulothoracic muscles during serve is not known. Also, the mechanical properties (tone, elasticity, and stiffness) of the scapulothoracic muscles of the tennis athletes with scapular dyskinesis are likely to change. The study aimed to evaluate the activation of the scapulothoracic muscles while performing tennis serve and to determine the changes in the mechanical properties of the same muscles in young tennis athletes with scapular dyskinesis. Seventeen tennis athletes with scapular dyskinesis aged between 11 and 18 years (the scapular dyskinesis group) and age- and gender-matched 17 asymptomatic tennis athletes (the control group) were included in the study. Activation of scapulothoracic muscles (descending-transverse-ascending trapezius and serratus anterior) in the 3 phases (preparation, acceleration, and follow-through) of the serve was evaluated using surface electromyography, and the mechanical properties of the same muscles were measured at rest by myotonometry. Ascending trapezius activation in the follow-through phase was lower in the scapular dyskinesis group compared with the control group (mean difference 95% confidence interval: -22.8 [-41.2 to -4.5]) (P=.017). The tone and stiffness of the transverse trapezius (P=.043 and P=.017, respectively) were higher, whereas the same parameters of the ascending trapezius were lower (P=.008 and P=.010, respectively) in the scapular dyskinesis group compared with the control group. Activation of the ascending trapezius and the tone and stiffness of the transverse-ascending trapezius were altered in tennis athletes with scapular dyskinesis. Implementations to improve these changes can be included in the rehabilitation or training programs of young tennis athletes with scapular dyskinesis.

Perbandingan Metode Latihan Dan Motivasi Latihan Terhadap Kemampuan Footwork Atlet Tenis Meja

The problem in this study was the low footwork ability of PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes. This type of research is quasi-experimental using ANOVA 2 x 2 design. The population of this study is 20 people. Sampling used the total sampling technique then carried out a training motivation test with a motivational questionnaire, after the motivational questionnaire data was obtained, it was divided into 5 people per group using the Matching technique so that a sample of 20 athletes was obtained. After the sample was obtained, it was given treatment in 20 meetings. The results of data analysis in this study are 1). There is a significant difference in the footwork ability of PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes who are given shadow play training and athletes who are given ladder drill training significantly with a significance value of 0.048. 2). There is a significant difference in the footwork ability of PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes who have high exercise motivation and athletes who have low exercise motivation significantly with a significance value of 0.000. 3). There was no interaction between training variants and exercise motivation on improving the footwork ability of PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes with a significance value of 0.759. 4). the footwork ability of PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes who were given ladder drill training was better than shadow play in the group of athletes who had high training motivation but not significant with a significance value of 0.268. 5). The footwork ability of PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes who were given ladder drill training was better than shadow play in the group of athletes who had low training motivation but not significant with a significance value of 0.113.

Sources of Nutrition Information Used by Tennis Trainee Athletes at the University of Limpopo in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Descriptive Study

BackgroundThe dietary intake of tennis athletes training at the University of Limpopo (UL) were reported to be suboptimal. However, the nutrition information sources guiding these athletes remain unknown.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to purposively obtain 30 registered UL-affiliated tennis team athletes. Data were collected at the UL tennis courts. Demographic data and information sources used for sport nutrition were collected using self-designed questionnaires in English.ResultsThe mean age of the athletes was 20.3±1.1 years. All were registered students at UL. All male athletes (100%) and 92.2% of females were single. More than half of the males (n=9; 56.2%) and many females (n=5; 35.7%) had participated in tennis for 1 – 2 years at UL. Most participated in tennis 3 – 6 times a week, for 1 – 2 hours per day. Most males (n=8; 50%) and females (n=7; 50%) obtained nutrition information from social media followed in both cases by a coach (43%). Of those who used social media, most males (n=3; 37%) and females (n=7; 43%) used Instagram, followed by Facebook (males, n=3; 37% versus females, n=2; 28%). Tik-Tok and YouTube were hardly ever used. However, none of the athletes had ever consulted a nutrition professional such as a dietitian for nutrition information.ConclusionSocial media, particularly Instagram, was the most used source of information by our sample of tennis athletes at the University of Limpopo.

The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the performativity of sport nationalism: Taiwanese identity and online mobilization

ABSTRACT This essay examines how Taiwanese national identity was performed on social media during the postponed Tokyo Olympics 2020. Taiwan achieved its best-ever medal tally, leading to the emergence of a new form of sport nationalism. Athletes' off-field behaviors, including diverse gender expressions, distinguished them not only from their Chinese counterparts but also from previous generations of Taiwanese athletes. Badminton, weightlifting, and table tennis athletes became the “proxy warriors” of Taiwan, showcasing the democratic and diverse nature of Taiwanese society. The Tokyo Olympics, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions, became a battleground for ideologies, with the complex relationships among Taiwan, China, and Japan setting the backdrop for narratives. To depart from traditional research on official national discourses, this essay employs critical discourse analysis (CDA) by examining Facebook content and comments on news reports related to Taiwanese Olympians. This essays argues that Taiwan's cyber civil society has developed a flexible strategy to counter China's aggression on the internet. Taiwanese online mobilization demonstrated self-control, creativity, and adaptability, establishing a unique Taiwanese identity during the Tokyo Olympics in the midst of the pandemic.

Adherence to Sports Nutrition Guidelines by Tennis Athletes Team Representing the University of Limpopo; Limpopo Province, South Africa

Adherence to Sports Nutrition Guidelines by Tennis Athletes Team Representing the University of Limpopo; Limpopo Province, South Africa