Tendering Process Research Articles

Measuring the Vaccine Success Index: A Framework for Long-Term Economic Evaluation and Monitoring in the Case of Rotavirus Vaccination

New vaccination programs measure economic success through cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) based on an outcome evaluated over a certain time frame. The reimbursement price of the newly approved vaccine is then often reliant on a simulated ideal effect projection because of limited long-term data availability. This optimal cost-effectiveness result is later rarely adjusted to the observed effect measurements, barring instances of market competition-induced price erosion through the tender process. However, comprehensive and systematic monitoring of the vaccine effect (VE) for the evaluation of the real long-term economic success of vaccination is critical. It informs expectations about vaccine performance with success timelines for the investment. Here, an example is provided by a 15-year assessment of the rotavirus vaccination program in Belgium (RotaBIS study spanning 2005 to 2019 across 11 hospitals). The vaccination program started in late 2006 and yielded sub-optimal outcomes. Long-term VE surveillance data provided insights into the infection dynamics, disease progression, and vaccine performance. The presented analysis introduces novel conceptual frameworks and methodologies about the long-term economic success of vaccination programs. The CEA evaluates the initial target vaccination population, considering vaccine effectiveness compared with a historical unvaccinated group. Cost-impact analysis (CIA) covers a longer period and considers the whole vaccinated and unvaccinated population in which the vaccine has direct and indirect effects. The economic success index ratio of CIA over CEA outcomes evaluates long-term vaccination performance. Good performance is close to the optimal result, with an index value ≤1, combined with a low CEA. This measurement is a valuable aid for new vaccine introductions. It supports the establishment of robust monitoring protocols over time.

Open Data for Transparency of Government Tenders: A State Analysis in Croatian Agriculture Land Lease

State-owned agricultural land is an asset that the state must manage in a responsible and transparent manner. Agricultural land is extremely important for farmers as it enables them to carry out agricultural activities. Due to its importance to farmers, it is often the subject of debate as stakeholders are often dissatisfied with the allocation and management of state-owned agricultural land. Qualitative research of the process of state agricultural land lease and the associated legislation in the Republic of Croatia enabled the analysis of the existing business model, with the results pointing to shortcomings in the Initial and Evaluation phases of the process. A steady rise in the number of tenders published in 2015–2022 was recorded. Local administrative units in the Continental region scored higher than those in the Adriatic region (both cities and municipalities) in terms of transparency. Unfortunately, the response rate from the local authorities was below 50% across both region and unit, further indicating low transparency. Based on the findings, a proposal of changes in the tendering process was made utilizing a digital platform as an environment for all stakeholders, which provides functionalities essential for the transparent implementation of tenders for the agricultural land lease in Croatia.

Short supply chains: Frameworks and extensions to public procurement

Recently, policymakers’ interest in short supply chains (SSCs), i.e., removing the non-value-adding intermediaries in the supply chain, has increased as these are seen as a means of supporting employment and sustainability goals. This article aims to elaborate on the understanding of SSCs, identify what motivates participants to get involved, examine their replicability in different sectors of the economy other than the food sector and how they can be fostered through public procurement. Policymakers’ objectives with public procurement align with those associated with SSCs; therefore, transferability may be possible in the context of public procurement, in addition to sustainability, and access to opportunities for SMEs. Semi-structured exploratory interviews were conducted with SSC stakeholders to examine this and conclude that SSCs can be a valuable means of conducting socially responsible public procurement, with mixed views about their ability to foster gender equality. A case study is also presented with the key message that the application of SSC should consider suppliers’ capabilities in addition to the mandatory application of SSC in the tendering process. Achieving positive results will require a shift in traditional procurement logic towards more flexible forms of co-opetition.

Optimal investments in private land conservation depend more on landholder preferences than climate change

Abstract Effective private land conservation strategies that consider both landholder preferences and future climatic conditions are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, the interaction and relative importance of these factors for conservation planning performance is unknown. Here, we assess the importance of considering landholder preferences and climate change for prioritising locations for conservation tenders to recruit landholders for conservation covenants. To achieve this we develop a planning framework that accounts for the tender process to optimise investment across regions and apply it to koala-focused tenders in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, exploring four planning approaches that consider or are ignorant to landholder preferences or climate change. We find that optimal investments depend more on landholder preferences than climate change, and when landholder preferences are ignored, there is little benefit in accounting for climate change. Our analysis reveals new insights into this important interaction.

Influence of Tendering Process on Performance of County Governments in Kenya

Procurement is essential to every organization, serving as a platform for all stakeholders to come together and discuss their needs and goals related to purchasing. The study aimed to explore factors influencing the tendering processes of County Governments in Kenya, focusing specifically on Siaya County Government. The study was guided by three objectives, to examine supplier selection criteria on performance of county Governments in Kenya, to establish the influence of Ethical Practices in Tendering processes on performance of county Governments in Kenya, to investigate the influence of automation processes of Tendering processes on performance of county Governments in Kenya, and to establish moderating effect of government policy on Public procurement And Disposal Act on performance of County Governments in Kenya. The research utilized a Descriptive Research Design approach to gather pertinent information. The study involved Census Sampling in which all 74 participants from different management levels and ad hoc committee members within the department. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Data was gathered through the distribution of questionnaires to the chosen participants by means of pick and drop. respondents of 66% were received and were completed accurately, demonstrating an adequate response rate. The statements of the problem mainly focused on major issues facing the tendering procedures and analyzes their influence on organizational performance. The study findings show that Supplier selection criteria Mean of 4.002 and standard Deviation of 0.1428 the highest score amongst the key performance indicators was quality with mean of 4.29 and standard deviation of 0.097 showing highly significant to supplier selection criteria. Ethical practices in Tendering Mean of 4.012 Standard deviation of 0.097, of highest score in key performance indicators was Integrity with mean of 4.468 and standard deviation of 0.097. its shows that highly significant to Ethical practices, Automation of Tendering mean of 4.093 standard deviation of 0.148 highest amongst the key performance indicators was E informing with mean 4.224 and standard deviation 0. 147 shows highly significant to Automation. Moderating variable Mean of 4.094 standard deviation of 0.136 highest score among st key performance indicators of quality 4.306 standard deviation of 0.114 shows highly significant to Moderating variable and all the variables were critical to the performance of County Governments in Kenya. The study recommends that there is need to enormously implement procurement policies which encourage tendering, in order to enhance performance

Implementation of the Infrastructure Policy in the Construction of the Bridge Connecting Gampong Blang Mirou--Kumba Kec. Bandar Dua, Pidie Jaya Regency

Due to the lack of connecting facilities, residents in the Gampong Blang Mirou and Kumba Kec. Bandar Dua have to travel via another route. Although proposals to the district government are submitted every year, a response was received in 2018. In 2018, the construction of the Blang Mirou–Kumba steel truss bridge was carried out using the DAK budget, the tender process for this development package used a budget of 14 billion Rupiah. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the increase in social interaction and economic growth as a result of the construction of the bridge connecting Gampong Blang Mirou - Kumba District. Bandar Dua Kab. Pidie Jaya. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The research uses data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the research and findings in the field, the conclusion is that the implementation of this policy can provide practical implications for the people of Pidie Jaya Regency, especially the people of Gampong Blang Mirou and Gampong Kumba as well as the Pidie Jaya Regency Government so that social interaction between the regions and the regional economy both increases. An interesting finding was that when the road was widened to build a connecting bridge, the community gave their land for free without having to be compensated by the government. Keywords: policies, infrastructure, bridges, socio-economic community

The legal essence of tender under the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In modern conditions, tenders are a key source of income for government organizations and the business community, as it contributes to the effective organization of the procurement process and ensures transparen-cy and competitiveness in choosing a supplier. The authors of the article analyzed the key legislative acts regulating tenders, including the Law «On Public Procurement « in order to define the legal essence of the concept of «tender». As the analysis of industry legislation has shown, the concepts of «tender» and «contest» in most cases are identified and used as synonyms in the works of domestic and Russian scientists. The article also includes a comparative analysis with international practice, as well as a comparative analysis of the con-cept of the term «tender» in the current legislative acts of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and Turkmenistan. This allowed the authors to identify potential areas for reforming the Kazakh tender system by including the relevant concept of «tender» in the current legislation. Within the framework of the article, the main legal aspects of tender procedures were considered, which represent an opportunity through free and open contest to conclude a mutually beneficial contract for contractors, as well as types of tenders, their significance and features in the field of public procurement. The methodological basis of the re-search consists of general and special methods, such as formal logical, scientific analysis and synthesis, his-torical and legal and comparative legal methods. The results obtained from the research allowed the authors to formulate proposals and recommendations for improving the legislative framework to ensure the effective-ness and fairness of tender processes.

Delays Factors for Construction Projects in South of Iraq

This study seeks to identify and categorize the factors responsible for delays in construction projects in southern Iraq. Using a sequential research approach that includes a literature review, interviews, and surveys, data were collected from 115 industry professionals, including clients, consultants, project managers, contractors, and engineers. The analysis utilized both descriptive and conclusive statistical methods, with a specific emphasis on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient to verify the reliability of the delay factor rankings. The research identified 45 major delay factors, with the most critical being global and local economic crises, bureaucracy and corruption, public holidays, delays in securing municipal permits, and frequent change orders initiated by clients. These factors were further classified into eight categories: inaccuracies in the tendering process, technical performance management, government interference, rework in construction practices, among others. The results indicate strong consensus among the different respondent groups regarding the main causes of project delays, as demonstrated by high correlation coefficients and a Chi-squared test confirming the agreement's significance. The findings provide valuable insights for practical applications and academic research, supporting the selection of project leaders, anticipating potential delays, and improving project management practices in Iraq. The study suggests future research should focus on strategic economic planning, exploring alternative funding sources, combating corruption, and implementing regulatory reforms to address the identified delay factors.

Information System for Procurement of Goods and Services of the Politeknik Harapan Bersama (SIPHARBER)

The application of information technology in various fields, including higher education, is rapidly evolving and has extended to critical operational activities such as the procurement of goods and services. This research aims to design and implement a Procurement Information System at Politeknik Harapan Bersama (SIPHARBER), which is expected to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the procurement process. The system is designed to facilitate coordination between the procurement unit and vendors, reduce the time required for tender processes, and minimize errors in data processing. The development method used for this system is the Waterfall model, which involves stages from requirement analysis to system testing. The outcome of this research is a web-based information system accessible by all related units, enabling real-time monitoring of the procurement process by the leadership, and simplifying vendors' processes to offer their products or services. With the implementation of SIPHARBER, the procurement process at Politeknik Harapan Bersama is expected to be conducted more effectively and efficiently.

Evaluation of ultrasound-assisted tomato sour soup marination on beef: Insights into physicochemical, sensory, microstructural, and flavour characteristics

This study evaluated the quality attributes of tomato sour soup marinade and investigated the effects of ultrasound-assisted marination on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, texture, sensory quality, and flavour profile of beef. The results showed that tomato sour soup significantly increased the marinade absorption rate and improved beef tenderloin’s physicochemical properties, texture, and flavour attributes compared to static brine (P < 0.05), with organic acids playing an essential role in the marinade tenderisation process. Compared to static sour soup marination, ultrasound treatment significantly accelerated the marination process, reducing beef’s shear force, hardness, and chewiness while increasing its tenderness. Microstructural observations revealed that sour soup marination induced a fragmented and irregular muscle fibre structure. Furthermore, sour soup marination significantly increased the relative concentrations of volatile flavour compounds, including alkanes, organic sulphides, alcohols, aldehydes, and aromatic compounds. Appropriate ultrasound treatment positively affects the texture and flavour characteristics of beef marinated with tomato sour soup, and the optimal approach was 320 W ultrasound treatment for 60 min. Overall, tomato sour soup improved beef’s textural and flavour attributes, while ultrasound-assisted marination is an effective processing method to improve the quality of meat products.

Circular Economy-Related Strategies to Minimise Construction- and Demolition- Waste Generation in Australian Construction Projects

The construction industry in Australia generates a significant amount of construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste, necessitating better waste management (WM) practices. This research addresses this issue by investigating CE strategies aimed at minimising C&amp;D waste in Australian construction projects (CPs). Utilising a qualitative approach, the study is based on 20 interviews and four case studies of commercial CPs, analysed through NVivo content analysis. The findings emphasise the need to integrate CE strategies at every CP stage. In the pre-design phase, setting sustainable objectives and engaging stakeholders early is crucial for aligning goals to reduce C&amp;D waste. The tendering process benefits from incorporating WM into contracts, demonstrating early commitment to sustainability. The design phase, through Building Information Modelling and designing for disassembly, offers substantial waste-reduction opportunities. Modular and prefabricated components during the construction phase enhance material reuse and recycling. Operational strategies like regular maintenance and retrofitting extend material lifespan, while selective demolition and digital cataloguing at the end-of-life phase enable efficient material recovery. This highlights the essential roles of policy, technology, and stakeholder collaboration in advancing CE practices, providing practical insights for construction professionals and policymakers to implement CE-related strategies in CPs. The research concludes that adopting CE strategies can lead to significant reductions in C&amp;D waste and improved sustainability in the construction sector.

POTENTIAL VULNERABILITY TO CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT: PROSPECTS FOR FAIR COMPETITION

Embezzlement in the procurement of goods and services is the largest category of corruption cases handled by the KPK. In general, the form of fraud in the procurement of goods and/or services is the practice of direct appointment and the manipulation of the self-estimated price (HPS). The purpose of this research article is to analyse the potential susceptibility to corruption in tenders for the procurement of government goods and services that are not in accordance with the principles of fair business competition, and the efforts to prevent the potential susceptibility to corruption in tenders for the procurement of government goods and services that are in accordance with the principles of fair business competition. The method used is normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that the collusion between business actors and public officials in the tendering process begins during the budget planning and tendering process. The government's efforts to reduce the potential for corruption in the procurement of public goods and services by changing the organisational structure of procurement and tenders are being carried out through e-purchasing and expanding the object of refutation of auctions and tenders carried out by taking into account the principles of fair business competition, namely in a transparent, non-discriminatory manner and without barriers to entry

GOVERNMENT ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS TO STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES TO PROVIDE INFRASTRUCTURE: INDONESIA’S EXPERIENCE

This paper aims to evaluate the peculiarities of a mechanism utilised by the Indonesian government to conduct infrastructure development, that is, the government’s assignment of contracts to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This mechanism differs from public procurement or public-private partnership. This paper raises three questions: (1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of employing government assignment of contracts to SOEs? (2) What should be done to prevent the disadvantages? and (3) What lessons can be learned by other countries from the Indonesian experience? This paper employs qualitative legal research. It starts by analysing public satisfaction and dissatisfaction as reflected in the news, literature and interviews. The legal causes of dissatisfaction which are basically the problematic regulations, are then analysed. Finally, the legal principles and legal concepts enshrined within the regulations are examined to seek legal solutions. The advantages of the government’s assignment of contracts to SOEs are to simplify the tender process and to enable the government to quickly provide infrastructure. Nonetheless, the private sector feels aggrieved because the regulations that dictate when a project may be contracted to an SOE are unclear, and public funding is predominantly circulated among the SOE groups. To address these problems, the government should adhere to the globally recognised principles of equality and accountability and the concepts of competitive neutrality and the right to development. The bittersweet Indonesian experiences maybe not only the refinement of the Indonesian law and policy, but also their use as food for thought for any country considering infrastructure development.

Smart Tender Management System Using Blockchain in Python

-Blockchain technology has been adopted by a number of industries, including government agencies, financial services, healthcare, and agriculture, to improve their operations in the quickly changing modern world. But the industry for tenders hasn't yet completely realized all of its advantages. Due to problems including bias, bad record- keeping, lack of transparency, vulnerability to hackers, and data tampering, inadequate tender management procedures can cause large losses. We suggest using blockchain technology to ensure improved security and effectiveness in tender management as a solution to these problems. We can create a secure transaction management system that protects important documents and transactions related to the tendering process by utilizing encryption and the immutable nature of blockchain. By safely storing bid proposals, firm profiles, historical data, tender documents, and other information, this system fosters transparency and integrity. The Admin and Company modules are the two main components of the Smart Tender Management System. Administrators can oversee applications, handle tenders, and keep an eye on transaction logs with the help of the admin module. Companies can register, submit proposals, and monitor the status of their applications using the Company module. The solution improves security, lowers expenses, and simplifies tender processing by doing away with intermediaries and utilizing strong encryption techniques. This fosters an easy- to-use and effective experience for all parties involved KeyWords: Block chain Technology, Encryption, Smart Contracts, Tender Management.

Electronic Ordering and its Effect on Tendering Process Efficiency in Public Universities in Kenya

E-procurement, indicated as an emerging trend in procurement, promises various benefits including cost reduction, improved efficiency, and transparency. However, its uptake and effectiveness within the tendering processes of public institutions in Kenya have been limited. The purpose of the study was to analyze the adoption of electronic ordering and its effect on tendering process efficiency in public universities in Kenya. The study was grounded on the Technology Acceptance Model. The study applied a descriptive research design. The population of the study was 136 employees of thirty-four public universities in Kenya. Slovin's formula was used to determine a sample size of 102 respondents and purposive sampling was employed to select three respondents from each university targeting Heads of Procurement, Finance, and ICT departments because they are responsible for handling the University's day-to-day procurement tasks and ensuring compliance with procurement policies, will constitute the targeted population. They regularly engage with procurement systems and play a key role in managing electronic procurement matters for the University. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, the researcher applied Cronbach's Alpha formula. Primary data was collected by a structured questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale. Subsequently, the data was coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive and inferential statistical, and the findings were presented in tables. The results indicated that electronic ordering was found to be statistically significant in predicting tender process effectiveness, with a p-value of 0.000. The study recommends that to enhance the effectiveness of electronic ordering systems, institutions should allocate resources toward training and capacity-building initiatives for individuals involved in procurement activities.

Implementation of School Nutrition Policies to Address Noncommunicable Diseases in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, account for over 80% of mortality in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in 2019, and unhealthy dietary behaviors are a major risk factor for NCDs in both countries. In 2021, national stakeholders, in consultation with the World Health Organization, identified school nutrition policies (SNPs) as a major approach to reducing the burden of NCDs in both countries. The SNPs included interventions implemented through a multistakeholder and multisectoral arrangement that aimed to improve the health and nutrition status of children and young people by providing healthy food/beverages and restricting unhealthy foods or beverages in schools. We used a multimethod approach of document review, participatory workshops, and key informant interviews to generate theories of change for the large-scale implementation of SNPs and describe the implementation processes to date, including key implementation and health system challenges, salient implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes in both countries. Multiple pathways for enacting and implementing SNPs successfully were identified. However, significant health system challenges, such as the lack of accountability for contracting and tender processes and coordination among different sectors, continue to hamper the large-scale implementation of these policies in both countries. The pathways, theories, and implementation outcomes identified will facilitate the development of implementation strategies and systematic learning and evaluation around SNPs for NCD prevention and control programs in the Central Asian region and other low- and middle-income countries more broadly.

The Relationship Between Citizen Perceptions on Government Transparency and Economic Development: A Case of Thika Town Sub-County, in Kiambu County, Kenya

This study examined the relationship between citizens' perception of government transparency and economic development in Thika Town Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya. The data collected on the first objective are explained in this section. Financial constraints were found to hinder citizens' ability and willingness to access resource allocation information, limiting their capacity to travel to county offices, access the internet, or purchase materials containing the relevant information. Despite this, respondents agreed to a great extent that the county government is transparent about how funds are spent in different sectors (mean = 3.7597, std. deviation = 0.69095), that the process for county resource allocation is clearly communicated to citizens (mean = 3.5581, std. deviation = 0.83128), and that information about how resources are allocated is easily accessible to the public (mean = 3.5116, std. deviation = 0.91101). The study’s third objective was to assess whether openness and transparency of the county's contracting and procurement practices influence economic development in Thika Town Sub-County in Kiambu County, Kenya. The findings were as follows. Concerning openness and transparency of county contracting and procurement practices, 63% of respondents indicated that information about county contracts and procurements is private, while 22% said it is available, and 15% were unsure. The majority of respondents (61%) indicated that the county's contracting and procurement processes are somewhat transparent, while 24% said they are very transparent, and 15% said they are not transparent at all. Even when information on county contracts and procurements is available, it may not be easily accessible due to bureaucratic hurdles, outdated or incomplete online resources, and the need for personal visits to county offices. Despite these challenges, respondents greatly agreed that the procurement and tendering process is open and transparent (mean = 3.7907, std. deviation = 0.78735), that increased transparency in contracting/procurement has benefited local businesses (mean = 3.7054, std. deviation = 0.80314), and that award criteria and selection methods are clearly defined and available (mean = 3.6419, std. deviation = 0.93763). The study concludes that while efforts exist to promote transparency in resource allocation, there are still gaps in the adequacy and accessibility of information. Financial constraints can be a barrier to citizens' engagement with government processes and access to information, potentially hindering their ability to hold the government accountable and contribute to economic development. The study concludes that addressing financial barriers and improving the accessibility and comprehensibility of resource allocation information could enhance citizens' participation and, consequently, economic development. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, civil society organizations, and citizens in Thika Town Sub-County and beyond, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and balanced approach to transparency reforms that prioritizes both information disclosure and citizen empowerment. The study concludes that by addressing the identified challenges and strengthening transparency and participation mechanisms, local governments can create a more conducive environment for sustainable economic growth and improve the lives of their citizens.

Comparative Analysis of BEST Buses and Electric Buses in India

An overwhelming trend that marks the beginning of the transportation sector’s energy transition is the electrification of public transportation. The public sector’s considerable influence and predominance of public ownership define the transportation industry. Consequently, tendering processes Are frequently used to determine which bus delivery options are the most efficient. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the Polish bus market and in-depth interviews with individual vendors, this paper compares, assesses, and delineates the distinctions between the criteria applied in tenders for battery electric buses and diesel buses. The article additionally endeavors to ascertain whether the proportion of the vehicle price in the life cycle cost or total cost of ownership aligns with the weight assigned to the “vehicle price” criterion. The outcomes show There isn't a noticeable distinction between diesel and battery electric buses' tender requirements. Institutions that had previously created diesel bus acquisition patterns applied those patterns, for the most part, to battery electric bus tenders. As a result, the weights assigned to the criteria in tenders do not account for the benefits and drawbacks of either technology. Procedures for tendering are modified to meet regional needs and operational specifications. On current routes and schedules, electric buses frequently take the place of conventionally powered vehicles. Operational requirements are therefore known. This makes it possible to calculate the required number of vehicles as well as the fundamental technical and operational parameters (such as choosing the best charging technique and battery capacity). The charging strategy will therefore have an impact on the overall cost of ownership Opportunity charging is preferred for longer mileages, and overnight charging is preferred for shorter assignments.The electrification of public transportation is a massive trend that represents the first stage of the energy transition of the transportation sector. The transportation industry is defined by the significant influence of the public sector and the prevalence of public ownership. As such, tendering proceduresare widely employed to identify the most effective bus delivery options. This paper compares, evaluates, and discusses the differences between the specifications used in tenders for battery electric buses and diesel buses. It is based on a thorough examination of the Polish bus market and indepth interviews with specific vendors. The piece also aims to determine whether the percentage of the car price in the life cycle cost or overall cost of ownership is consistent with the importance given to the "vehicle price" factor. The results reveal no appreciable.

A Framework of Best Practice by Upstream Oil and Gas Contractors in Malaysia

Due to unstable global economic conditions, Malaysia’s oil and gas industry encounters numerous challenges and uncertainties. Consequently, effective contract management has become a critical factor in ensuring the success of oil and gas projects. Projects undertaken by contractors are often exposed to various risks that can hinder project performance, cause financial instability, and lead to disputes, impacting all parties involved. Furthermore, many industrial practitioners overlook this issue and are unaware of the potential serious consequences. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to establish a theoretical framework for best practices in contract management for oil and gas contractors in Malaysia. A survey was conducted using questionnaires and a quantitative correlational research approach that employed a multistage cluster sampling method, targeting Malaysia’s oil and gas contractors. The study aimed to gauge the respondents' level of understanding and assess the effectiveness of their current contract management approaches. The collected data underwent analysis through descriptive methods, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and theoretical integration. The goal was to develop a novel framework comprising six core modules: staff accountability and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), risk management, tender and award processes, cost management, contract awareness and review, and contractual record-keeping. This framework equipped oil and gas contractors with the tools and practices necessary to navigate the global crisis. The oil and gas sector, particularly contractors, stands to gain substantial benefits from the framework introduced in this study. It is a valuable resource that contractors can leverage to enhance their methodologies, procedures, and contract management tools, enabling them to operate effectively amid the persisting global challenges.

Creating Easy Tender App for Tender Process Procurement Division at PT. United Tractors

Creating Easy Tender App for Tender Process Procurement Division at PT. United Tractors