Suicidal Tendencies Research Articles

A Viewpoint on the Rising Trend of Couple Suicide in India.

It is extremely disturbing that in contemporary times, the cases of couple suicide is the matter of grave concern in India. It is observed that couples are committing suicide together in Indian society due to various social circumstances. The present study examines the nature of couple suicide and its causes using egoistic approach of suicide. The data have been collected from leading newspapers of India from 1st January 2023 to 15th May 2024 using systematic content analysis. The present research has identified that love affair is the cause of suicide in most cases of couple suicide. The study also revealed that about 50.59% of couples who are in the age group of 16-25 years committed suicide together due to love affairs. Additionally, the researchers have observed from egoistic point of view that socio-economic changes have unexpectedly affected the social conditions which has promoted the tendency of suicide in couples.

Mental Illness is as Catastrophic as Physical Illness, If Not More!

As per the data released by the Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2015-16, 10.6% (1) of the adults in India have something or other clinical mental illness, and many more suffer silently with subclinical symptoms. In India, the contribution of mental illness to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the year 2017 was 4.7% with an uprise of 88% from 2.5% in the year 1990. Social stress, highly competitive ecosystems, peer pressure, and erratic working schedules are some of the predisposing factors for the high prevalence of mental illness in urban areas. Mental illness has a larger economic burden on patients and it impacts even the purchasing power of the entire family. World over, mental neurological and substance use disorders collectively known as MNSUDs are recognized as a sizable factor contributing to the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) category with substantial impact on morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, in India, only 5% (one out of twenty) patients seek treatment for mental illness, and only 0.06% of the total health budget is for mental health programs. More non-medical community-based research is needed to fathom the gigantic mental illness across socioeconomic sects of society. Key Words: Mental Illness, DALYs, Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2015-16, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Disease Burden, Bipolar Disorders, Social Stress, Suicidal Tendencies, Depression among women, Collaborative Care Models (CCMs), National Mental Health Program (NMHP), socio-ecological community intervention.

Severe depression episode with an incredible improvement after electroconvulsive therapy

Aim: The primary aim of this article is to present a case study of a patient with severe depressive episode that was refractory to extensive pharmacological treatment, but exhibited remarkable improvement following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Materials and Methods: The patient’s medical records were obtained from II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin. Cited literature was searched on the PubMed database using the following keywords: Major depressive disorder or MDD, Electroconvulsive therapy, and Benzodiazepine dependence. Results and conclusions: A 55-year-old woman with recurrent depressive disorder and benzodiazepine dependance, unresponsive to multiple medications, requested an ECT. She was then treated with a cycle of 12 Seizure Electroconvulsive Therapy (SECT) sessions. Initially bedridden with severe anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and no clinical improvement despite maximal pharmacotherapy, she exhibited significant improvement after three SECT sessions. Her anxiety decreased, suicidal ideation resolved, and symptoms of anergy and anhedonia diminished. At the end of the SECT cycle, the patient's mood stabilised, and her activity level and social engagement increased. At discharge, she showed no suicidal ideation, tendencies, or psychotic symptoms.This case demonstrates the effectiveness of ECT in treating severe, pharmacologically resistant depressive episodes. It highlights the importance of considering patient requests in conjunction with clinical assessments to achieve positive outcomes. Raising awareness about ECT's safety and efficacy among the public and mental health professionals is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies for severe depression. Proper qualification and timely administration of ECT can significantly enhance treatment outcomes beyond pharmacotherapy alone.

Development of a two-stage depression symptom detection model: application of neural networks to twitter data

This study aims to help in the area of depression screening in the Philippine setting, focusing on the detection of depression symptoms through language use and behavior in social media to help improve the accuracy of symptom tracking. A two-stage detection model is proposed, wherein the first stage deals with the detection if depression symptoms exist and the second stage focuses on the detection of depression symptom category or type for English and Filipino language. A baseline data set with 14 depression categories consisting of 86,163 tweets was used as input to various machine learning algorithms together with Twitter user behaviors, linguistic features, and psychological behaviors. The two-stage detection models used Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory type of Artificial Neural Network with dropout nodes. The first stage, with a binary output classifier, can detect tweets with “Depression Symptom” or “No Symptom” categories with an accuracy of 0.91 and F1-score of 0.90. The second stage classifier has 6 depression symptom categories, namely “Mind and Sleep,” “Appetite,” “Substance use,” “Suicidal tendencies,” “Pain,” and “Emotion” symptoms that has an accuracy of 0.83 and F1-score of 0.81. The two-stage algorithm can be used to complement mental health support provided by clinicians and in public health interventions to serve as high-level assessment tool. Limitations on misclassifications, negation, and data imbalance and biases can be addressed in future studies.

Cumulative interpersonal risk and suicide ideation/attempts among Chinese early adolescents: Does self-esteem play a moderating role?

Suicide among adolescents is a serious global health concern. Previous research has highlighted that interpersonal factors are vital determinants of suicidality. However, little is known about the cumulative effects of interpersonal risks and the protective factors that buffer individuals from developing suicidal tendencies. The present study examined whether linear or nonlinear models best account for the relationship between cumulative interpersonal risk and suicidal ideation and attempts among early adolescents and the protective value of self-esteem in these associations. A sample of 605 seventh-grade students from in Hunan, China was tracked over a 6month interval. Measures of interpersonal risk, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-esteem were obtained from adolescents' self-reports. The findings indicated both concurrent and longitudinal linear associations between cumulative interpersonal risk and adolescent suicidal ideation. Cumulative interpersonal risk was only associated with concurrent adolescent suicide attempts, showing a nonlinear relationship. Self-esteem moderates the association between cumulative interpersonal risk and subsequent suicidal ideation. The results also showed that identifying interpersonal risk early and simultaneously reducing multiple interpersonal risks would benefit high-suicide-risk youths. Adolescents who face more than three interpersonal risks are particularly at risk for suicide attempts. Self-esteem is insufficient to counteract the cumulative impact of interpersonal risk completely. Study analyzing whether personal worth plays a moderating role in the suicidal ideation and attempts of early Chinese adolescents. While suicide among adolescents is a serious global health concern, little is known about the cumulative effects of interpersonal risks and the protective factors that buffer individuals from developing suicidal tendencies. As such, we followed 605 seventh graders over six months to investigate the combined influence of various interpersonal stressors such as low teacher support, limited classmates' support, ineffective communication with parents, and experiences of social ostracism on suicidality. In addition, we explored whether a good sense of personal worth (self-esteem) made a difference. Our findings showed that, as interpersonal risks accumulate, the likelihood of an adolescent experiencing suicidal thoughts increases. Although self-esteem offers some protection, it does not fully counteract the detrimental effects of combined interpersonal problems. In particular, when an adolescent faces three or more interpersonal stressors, the risk of suicide attempts increases. Based on our findings, we believe that interventions aimed at reducing these interpersonal risks and bolstering adolescent self-esteem could be pivotal for suicide prevention.

Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a mother-child intervention model of neurogenic tremor as an add-on to treatment for emotional disorders in adolescents

BackgroundAdolescents exhibit a high prevalence of mental health disorders, with more than half of all cases emerging before the age of 14 years. Since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a marked upsurge in anxiety and depression among adolescents across several nations. Emotional disorders often lead to severe outcomes, including school absenteeism, self-harm, and suicidal tendencies. The suboptimal efficacy of pharmacotherapy, compounded by limited availability and substantial costs associated with individual psychotherapy, underscores the critical need for identifying simple yet efficacious psychotherapeutic interventions suitable for both individual and group settings. Tension and Trauma Release Exercise (TRE) is a mind-body therapeutic approach that efficiently alleviates symptoms of anxiety and depression. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a mother-child intervention model using TRE in enhancing the clinical management of adolescent patients diagnosed with emotional disorders.Methods This study recruits 140 dyads of adolescents with emotional disorders and their mothers, randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention arm combines eight weeks of standard pharmacotherapy with an eight-week TRE group therapy, assessing at baseline, post-8-week treatment, and three-month follow-up. Initially, controls receive eight weeks of standard medication with parallel assessments, later transitioning to the same TRE intervention while maintaining continuous evaluation. The study further examines the influence of maternal emotional health on adolescent treatment response and investigates associated neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms.DiscussionThis research endeavors to identify a straightforward and potent body-oriented psychological intervention that could improve the clinical outcomes for adolescent patients with emotional disorders. Such findings would carry profound implications not only for the healthy development of teenagers but also for potentially mitigating the burden on families, educational institutions, and society as a whole.Trial registrationChiCTR2100044553, Registered March 24, 2021.

Use of Data Linkage Methods to Investigate Healthcare Interactions in Individuals Who Self-harm and Die by Suicide: A Scoping Review.

In this review, the primary objective was to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the themes and findings of studies that used data linkage methods to examine the healthcare engagement of individuals with self-harming and suicidal tendencies. Additionally, the review sought to identify gaps in the existing literature and suggest directions for future research in this area. This review utilized the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Employing a scoping review methodology, 27 papers were analyzed. One particularly common data source is the routine information collected by government agencies. However, some studies augment this information with newly collected data. Compared to other research methods, data linkage has the advantage of incorporating participants from diverse backgrounds into the analysis. Most relevant studies employing data linkage methods have focused primarily on identifying sociodemographic correlates of self-harm, suicide deaths, and healthcare interactions. Additionally, cluster analysis has been used in certain studies to identify patterns of healthcare utilization within affected populations. Data linkage offers a promising approach for researching self-harm and suicide. A notable challenge, however, is the focus of most studies on the associations between sociodemographic factors and the risks of self-harm and suicide. Integrating government datasets with data from recent studies, as well as fostering collaboration between researchers and government agencies to identify necessary data for routine administrative records, could help address these constraints. Despite its limitations, data linkage can reveal useful patterns in the interactions between individuals who self-harm or die by suicide and the healthcare system.

Are veterans willing to assist with firearm safety for suicide prevention?

ABSTRACT Veterans in the United States are affected by suicide at higher rates than the general population. This may be due to a higher probability for veterans to use more lethal methods of suicides such as firearms. While veterans often decline to disclose suicidal tendencies to healthcare providers, they show higher connectedness and willingness to heed the advice of peers. Considering this information, it is important to analyze how veteran peers could assist in a suicidal crisis. Veteran responses (n = 1,247) to the Gatekeeper Behavior Scale (GBS) and Firearm Safety Scale (FSS) were analyzed to determine predictive traits of willingness to assist a peer securely store or disable firearms during a suicidal crisis. Results show that veterans are willing to assist in securing firearms to prevent suicide death but are more willing to do so by locking, removing or disabling the firearms than storing them with law enforcement. Older veterans were also more likely to report a willingness to intervene than their younger peers. Of the GBS predictors, only the Likeliness to Help subscale predicted a willingness to intervene with firearm safety. Recommendations for training and interventions that further encourage helping behavior during suicidal episodes are discussed.

Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV-AIDS in Enugu, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Most efforts to care for children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS have been geared toward handling their physical health needs disregarding their mental health burden, including suicidality and mental health-seeking behaviour. We aimed to determine rates of psychiatric disorders, suicidal tendencies, and health-seeking behaviour among a group of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 288 children and adolescents aged 9-19 years living with HIV/AIDS in four health facilities providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services were studied. The questionnaire was adapted from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) with other sections addressing socio-demographic characteristics and mental health-seeking behaviours. Results were presented as frequencies and proportions and Spearman's correlation test assessed correlations between suicidal tendencies, mental disorders, and other variables. Seventy (24.3%) of the participants had mental disorder, 31 (10.8%) had suicidal tendencies, 153 (53.1%) felt there was a need for therapy, and 103 (35.8%) sought help. While caring for the medical complications of HIV/AIDS in this population, mental health problems are also prevalent, including suicidal tendencies. Creating awareness and more centers caring for this group of people might improve their mental health-seeking behaviour.

Communication dynamics and media interactions of young adults who have attempted suicide: a qualitative thematic analysis.

The study examines the potential effects of communication processes and media consumption habits on suicide ideation among male and female young adults aged 18-29 who have attempted suicide at least once. In-depth interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024, and thematic analysis was applied according to Braun and Clarke's model. Four themes emerged: (1) Family-related factors, (2) sociopsychological factors, (3) sociocultural factors, and (4) media-related factors. Regarding family-related factors, most participants come from broken family structures and commonly report issues with family communication and experiences of violence. Regarding sociopsychological factors, anger issues, despair, and addictions among participants were observed to increase suicide tendencies. Regarding sociocultural factors, most participants expressed difficulties in conforming to society and feeling pressures from cultural or religious expectations. Regarding media-related factors, it was noted that a vast majority of participants spend long hours consuming media daily and frequently interact with content that leads them into adverse emotional states, primarily for time passing on social media platforms. This research not only reinforces information in the literature but also presents unique findings compared to similar studies, particularly in cultural and geographical contexts. The results uniquely highlight the diversity in perceptions of the relationship between religion and suicide. While literature generally notes religion as a deterrent to suicide, this study reveals that intense religious pressure could increase suicidal tendencies through effects like rejection and hatred of religious values. Media also plays a reinforcing role in this context. In conclusion, this study elucidates the complex interactions underlying suicide attempts among young adults and provides a solid foundation for policies and interventions aimed at better managing media interactions, which play a critical role in suicide prevention efforts.

Artificial intelligence in suicide prevention: Utilizing deep learning approach for early detection

ABSTRACT Background: Suicide among students is increasing in India and is a matter of grave concern. Early identification of students contemplating suicide would facilitate emergency intervention and may save precious lives. Aim: Our primary objective was to construct an artificial intelligence (AI) model employing an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture to predict students at risk of suicidal tendencies. This initiative was prompted by the necessity to implement a proactive and technologically driven strategy for identifying competitive exam-bound students facing heightened vulnerability. The aim was to facilitate timely interventions aimed at reducing the risk of self-harm. Materials and Methods: An AI model utilizing ANNs is devised for suicide risk prediction among exam-stressed students. A 33-feature input layer is curated based on literature and expert insights, with binary features assigned weighted values. A rigorous hyperparameter optimization approach using the Optuna library to select the most effective neural network model. Ridge regression was used to determine bias or variance in the dataset. Training and testing of the model are conducted using fictional and simulated profiles, respectively, and model performance is assessed through statistical metrics and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, benchmarked against expert evaluations. Result: The AI model demonstrates exceptional predictive capabilities for suicide risk assessment among competitive exam students. Quantitative Metrics: The model’s accuracy of 98% aligns predictions with outcomes, distinguishing risk categories. Precision at 100% identifies cases within predicted risks, minimizing false positives. A recall of 97% identifies true risk cases, highlighting sensitivity. F1 Score: The model’s F1 score of 98% balances precision and recall, indicating overall performance. Cohen’s Kappa: With a coefficient of 1.00, the model’s substantial agreement with experts underscores its consistent classifications. Conclusion: The study introduces an AI model utilizing ANNs for suicide risk prediction among stressed students. High precision, recall, and accuracy align with expert evaluations, highlighting its promise for timely risk identification. The model’s efficiency in evaluating large populations swiftly indicates its clinical potential. Refinement and real-world validation remain future considerations.

The relationship between mindfulness and childhood trauma with suicide: The mediating role of cognitive bias

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between mindfulness, childhood trauma, and suicide, specifically focusing on the mediating role of cognitive bias. Suicide is a pressing issue that poses a significant threat to public health in society, and understanding the factors that contribute to it is crucial. The research design employed in this study is a correlation-based structural equation model. A total of 370 students from the second level of secondary school in Iran city were selected as participants using an available sampling method during the academic year of 2023. To gather data, several questionnaires were utilized, including the Kentucky Mindfulness Questionnaire, Bernstein et al.'s Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (1994), Hammachi and Ozturk's Cognitive Bias Questionnaire (2004), and the Multi-attitude Suicidal Tendency Questionnaire (MAST). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-23 and Amos software, encompassing both descriptive and inferential levels. The findings of this research revealed several significant relationships. Firstly, there is a positive and significant direct path from childhood trauma to cognitive bias. Secondly, mindfulness has a negative and significant direct path to cognitive bias. Thirdly, childhood trauma has a direct and significant path to suicide. Additionally, cognitive bias has a positive and significant path to suicidality, while mindfulness has a negative and significant path to suicide. Moreover, there are positive and significant indirect paths from suicide to childhood trauma and negative and significant indirect paths from suicide to mindfulness. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of mindfulness and cognitive bias as variables related to adolescent suicide. Adolescents who have experienced childhood trauma are more likely to consider suicide as a solution when faced with life problems. These findings emphasize the need for interventions and support systems that address mindfulness, cognitive bias, and childhood trauma to prevent and mitigate the risk of suicide among adolescents.

The role and advance of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in depression pathogenesis and treatment.

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease that is characterized by long-term, repeated low mood, pain and despair, pessimism, and even suicidal tendencies. Increasing evidence has shown that ubiquitination and deubiquitination are closely related to the occurrence of depression, including pathological morphogenesis, neuroplasticity, synaptic transmission, neuroinflammation, and so forth. The development of depression is regulated by intracellular proteins that undergo various posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination, which falls under the epigenetics category. Although there have been studies and reviews of literature on epigenetics and depression, a systematic review of ubiquitination modification and depression has not been reported. In addition, with the deepening of research on depression and ubiquitination, the development of drugs targeting the ubiquitin system has gradually increased, but it is still not mature, so there is an urgent need to find new antidepressant drug targets. E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes can regulate the occurrence and development of depression in a variety of ways, which may be a direction for the treatment of depression in the future. Therefore, this review describes the latest progress of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of depression, summarizes the published signal pathways of ubiquitination and deubiquitination involved in depression, emphasizes the targets and mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinase in the regulation of depression, and further discusses the therapeutic targets of targeting ubiquitination modification systems to regulate depression.

Emergency treatment of tongue bite after rat poison poisoning in a patient with recurrent depressive disorder: a case report

BackgroundRecurrent depressive disorder (RDD) is mainly manifested as a low mood, negative and pessimistic mood, and often presents suicidal tendencies when severe. This study reports on a patient with RDD who experienced rat poison poisoning occurring tongue biting. The patient’s psychiatric symptoms improved after receiving emergency management and subsequent combined medical care.Case presentationThe patient was a 51-year-old female with RDD complicated with rat poison poisoning. Tongue bite occurred on the third day of hospitalization. She received emergency treatment. Depression, anxiety and suicide risk assessment, safety management and caregiver-health education were conducted on the day of admission and before discharge. At the follow-up after discharge, the risk of suicide was reduced.ConclusionsSuicide in patients with RDD is characterized by repetition and complexity. The occurrence of clinical cases involving tongue bite after gastric lavage is rare. Suicide assessment and emergency management play an auxiliary role in the treatment of patients with recurrent depressive disorder.

The effects of subjective family status and subjective school status on depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents: the role of anxiety and psychological resilience.

Depression and suicidal tendencies are notably prevalent among adolescents, yet few studies have revealed the impact of social status on them. This study aimed to explore the mediating and moderating effects of anxiety and psychological resilience on family status, school status, depression, and suicidal ideation. A total of 1,190 secondary school students aged 13 to 17 years (mean age: 13.57 ± 2.02 years) were evaluated depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation using the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 questionnaires. Subjective family and school status were also assessed. Data analysis was conducted using Mplus, SPSS's Process, and the RSA 3.0 plugin. Subjective family/school status, anxiety, psychological resilience, depression, and suicidal ideation were significantly correlated. Anxiety played a partial mediating role in the influence of subjective family status and subjective school on depression and suicidal ideation, and psychological resilience moderated the impact of anxiety on adolescent depression and suicidal ideation (βdepression = -0.05, p < 0.01; βsuicidal ideation = -0.06, p < 0.05). Subjective family status and school status played important roles in depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents, and anxiety and psychological resilience played mediating and moderating roles.

Evaluation of MMP-9 enzyme in drug-induced suicide cases admitted to the emergency room

ObjectiveThis study investigates MMP-9 enzyme levels in patients who attempted suicide by taking high doses of drugs, considering their sociodemographic characteristics. MethodsThe study included 45 patients who attempted suicide by high-dose drug intake admitted to the emergency room and 45 healthy volunteers with no neuropsychiatric disorders. Blood samples were collected to measure MMP-9 levels, and informed consent was obtained. The samples were centrifuged and analyzed using the ELISA method, with results statistically compared. ResultsFindings indicate that being single and a student significantly increased suicide tendencies (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). Psychiatric disorders were the most common cause at 40.0%, followed by antidepressants (55.6%), analgesics (20.0%), and antidiabetics (8.9%) as the most used drugs for suicide. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients who attempted suicide compared to controls (83.74 (±7.14) ng/mL vs. 54.97 (±12.27) ng/mL, p = 0.001). Additionally, MMP-9 levels were higher in single patients compared to married or divorced individuals (p = 0.008). MMP-9 levels were lower in patients with psychiatric disorders, recent psychiatric services, family history of psychiatric disorders, and previous suicide attempts (p = 0.014, p = 0.046, p = 0.035, p = 0.034). ConclusionsThis study shows MMP-9 enzyme can be a potential biomarker for drug-induced suicide attempts, emphasizing the importance of evaluating MMP-9 levels to assess suicide risk and develop prevention strategies.

Primary and secondary prevention of postpartum depression

Pregnancy is one of the important life events in a woman's life, which in the face of pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding process, maternal psychology and physiology will have obvious changes, among which postpartum depression is more common. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental syndrome with obvious depressive symptoms or typical depressive episodes during the puerperal period. Its etiology is complex, with sleepiness, gloomy expression, crying and other symptoms in clinic, and even some patients will have suicidal tendencies, which seriously endangers maternal physical and mental health. In recent years, the adverse events caused by postpartum depression have attracted more and more social attention, and postpartum women's mental health has become a hot spot in clinical research. Clinical workers should improve the awareness of postpartum depression, and strengthen the maternal mental health screening, so as to detect psychological abnormalities as early as possible and give timely intervention measures. In view of the high incidence of postpartum depression, it is very important to establish a sound mental health service system for pregnant women. This paper will analyze the high risk factors of PPD summarized the targeted primary prevention and secondary prevention, and proposed prevention strategies before and after the onset of postpartum depression, respectively, to provide theoretical basis for effectively preventing the occurrence of postpartum depression or delaying the progression of postpartum depression.

Breaking the Silence: A Comprehensive Review of Suicide

Suicide is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, representing a significant global public health issue worldwide. This review explores the various aspects of suicide, including its definition, prevalence, and contributing factors. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among 15-29-year-olds globally, with the highest rates observed in low- and middle-income countries. Suicidal tendencies manifest in diverse forms, ranging from ideation and gestures to chronic suicidality and murder-suicide, each reflecting unique psychological, social, and biological influences. Psychological factors, particularly mental health disorders, play a significant role in suicide risk, while social isolation, economic hardship, and cultural dynamics further exacerbate vulnerability. Biological factors, such as genetic predisposition and neurobiological alterations, also contribute to suicide risk. The review highlights the importance of prevention strategies, including improving access to mental health care, crisis intervention, restricting access to means of suicide, and public awareness campaigns. The societal impact of suicide is profound affecting families, communities, and economies. Comprehensive, multi-faceted approaches are essential to reduce the global suicide rate and mitigate its impact.

Demographic Profile of Violent Asphyxial deaths in JSS Medical College, Mysuru – Five year retrospective study

The epidemiological risk factors for violent asphyxia deaths can contribute to construct a socioeconomic and demographic profile of victims of asphyxial deaths. This study is also very crucial in identifying the risk factors, triggers for common asphyxia deaths and especially suicidal asphyxial deaths like hanging based on the profile and data derived from this study. This study was undertaken to analyse the different aspects of asphyxial deaths.Main focus is given to study the type of asphyxia, age, sex distribution and seasonal variation, also to know the pattern in work area, seasonal and demographic variations. Among the asphyxial deaths hanging is the commonest which constituted 81% of the total asphyxia deaths and was predominant in males. Drowning is the second most frequent type of asphyxialdeath followed by strangulation. The incidence of hanging is highest during winter season. This suggests that seasonal factors and its resulting psychological fluctuations might aggravate depression and mood, which then might finally impact the victim’s suicidal tendencies leading to increased incidences of hanging.

A Different Case Of Suicide By Hanging - Case Study Of The Event

A thorough analysis of circumstances and examination of the death scene is crucial before determining the manner of death in cases of hanging. While there are numerous reports of suicide and homicide by hanging in India, instances where the deceased is found with hands and/or feet bound and with feet touching a chair, the ground, or a bed, are considerably uncommon, as illustrated in this particular case (figure no.1). Hanging is indeed one of the methods used in suicides due to its accessibility and the perception that it may lead to a quick death. However, it's important to note that the choice of method can vary greatly depending on individual circumstances and cultural context. It is very easy to locate the place (indoor/outdoor) as well as commonly available hanging materials like rope, long napkin, belt, saree, dupatta, and long cloth (dhoti). Partial hanging suicide with hand-tied rope/dupatta cases are very less in number. Data on suicides, such as those reported by the National Crime Records Bureau, provide important insights into patterns and risk factors for suicide, essential information for public health interventions, and policy-making aimed at preventing such deaths. A total of 1,70,924 suicides were reported in the country during 20229. Sometimes suicidal tendency of the victim is so high that he/she can tie his/her hands with ligature material so that he/she cannot escape from the suicidal situation. We can also learn about partial hanging and postmortem blisters from this case study.