Abstract
Suicide is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, representing a significant global public health issue worldwide. This review explores the various aspects of suicide, including its definition, prevalence, and contributing factors. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among 15-29-year-olds globally, with the highest rates observed in low- and middle-income countries. Suicidal tendencies manifest in diverse forms, ranging from ideation and gestures to chronic suicidality and murder-suicide, each reflecting unique psychological, social, and biological influences. Psychological factors, particularly mental health disorders, play a significant role in suicide risk, while social isolation, economic hardship, and cultural dynamics further exacerbate vulnerability. Biological factors, such as genetic predisposition and neurobiological alterations, also contribute to suicide risk. The review highlights the importance of prevention strategies, including improving access to mental health care, crisis intervention, restricting access to means of suicide, and public awareness campaigns. The societal impact of suicide is profound affecting families, communities, and economies. Comprehensive, multi-faceted approaches are essential to reduce the global suicide rate and mitigate its impact.
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