Ten-day Period Research Articles

Amelioration of postharvest chilling injury in cowpea (Vigna sinensis) by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments

The reduction in the quality of harvested cowpeas due to physiological disorders resulting from chilling injury (CI) results in significant economic losses. In the current study, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, a stress-ameliorating compound) on CI in cowpea was investigated. MeJA at 1μM significantly reduced CI in cowpea fruit during a ten-day period of storage at 4°C. Results showed that MeJA with 1μM significantly maintained the sensory quality of cowpea, and inhibited the increase on CI index, weight loss, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and reduced the decrease on the content of TSS, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll. The activity antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and POD were induced, and PPO was inhibited by MeJA treatment. Treatment with 1μM MeJA exerted the best preservation effect.

Observations of a cycle of intense coastal upwelling and downwelling at the research site of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in the Black Sea

The paper presents the results of joint analysis of the response of vertical temperature and current velocity profile distributions in the coastal zone of the Gelendzhik region of the Black Sea to strong wind forcing in the third ten-day period of September 2013. This forcing was caused by the propagation of an atmospheric cyclone, which first initiated coastal upwelling that was later replaced by downwelling. We formulate a criterion for the development of full coastal upwelling and demonstrate its efficiency. We assume that frequent events of incomplete coastal upwelling and downwelling are associated with changes in the water dynamics (variations in the intensity and direction of the alongshore current) generally not related to local wind forcing.

Frequência e risco sob não-estacionariedade em registros pluviométricos da bacia do alto rio Tarauacá, Acre

Nonstationary trends in hydrological time series have aroused the interest of experts in recent decades. Consequently, conventional methods used for frequency analysis and quantification of risk associated with the occurrence of extreme climate events require adjustment. This study aims to perform the frequency analysis and the quantification of the risk of precipitation for a ten-day period in Tarauaca - Acre, Brazil. The results have shown that nonstationary Gumbel distribution with time-dependent location and scale best fits the observed data, thus allowing the most reliable measurements for risk of rare events, and determining reference quantiles associated with planning horizons or design of hydraulic structures.

Water shortage risk assessment using spatiotemporal flow simulation

Paddy irrigation practices in Taiwan utilize complicated water conveyance networks which draw streamflows from different tributaries. Characterizing and simulating streamflow series is thus an essential task for irrigation risk assessment and planning mitigation measures. It generally involves modeling the temporal variation and spatial correlation of streamflow data at different sites. Like many other environmental variables, streamflows are asymmetric and non-Gaussian. Such properties exacerbate the difficulties in spatiotemporal modeling of streamflow data. A stochastic spatiotemporal simulation approach capable of generating non-Gaussian ten-day period streamflow data series at different sites is presented in this paper. Historical flow data from different flow stations in southern Taiwan were used to exemplify the application of the proposed model. Simulated realizations of the spatiotemporal anisotropic multivariate Pearson type III distribution were validated by comparing parameters and spatiotemporal correlation characteristics of the simulated data and the observed streamflow data. Risks of irrigation water shortage were estimated and the effect of mitigation measures was assessed using the simulated data.

Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus serpyllum L. from Northern Kazakhstan

:The chemical composition of essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. collected in natural habitats in different regions of Northern Kazakhstan in the first ten-day period of July of 2013 in a stage of full blooming was analyzed. The yield of oil from an epigeal portion in a stage of blossoming formed 0.4-1.4 %. The main components of oil were thymol (5.11-58.25 %), carvacrol (1.22-55.85 %), p-cymene (1.28-25.46 %), γ-terpinene (1.37-16.52 %) and α-terpinene (0.84-1.94 %) out of total twenty-one identified compounds. One of eight specimens was also revealed, in essential oil of which there were synthesized the following components: trans-geraniol (55.93 %), lavandulyl acetate (28.51 %), nerol (2.76 %) and E-citral(2.58 %).

About this title ‐ Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism

A major rifting episode began in the Afar region of northern Ethiopia in September 2005. Over a ten-day period, c. 2.5 km 3 of magma were intruded along a 60 km-long dyke separating the Arabian and Nubian plates. Over the next five years, a further 13 dyke intrusions caused continued extension, eruptions and seismicity. This activity led to a renewed international focus on the role of magmatism in rifting, with major international collaborative projects working in Afar and Ethiopia to study the ongoing activity and to place it in a broader context. This book brings together articles that explore the role of magmatism in rifting, from the initiation of continental break-up through to full seafloor spreading. We also explore the hazards related to rifting and the associated volcanism. This work has implications for our understanding of how continents break-up and the associated distribution of resources in rift basins and continental margins.

因应都市化之智能型水资源管理策略

随着时代的变迁，台湾的桃园地区都市化发展迅速，由于人口膨胀、工商业发展蓬勃等因素，民生、工业用水需求日益增加。因此，在干旱发生的情形下，桃园地区的石门水库用水调度将是1个重大课题。面对日益增加的用水需求以及水文不确定性，本研究拟建置智能型水资源管理系统，期能于干旱时期透过灌溉用水弹性调度民生、工业用水方式，降低公共用水压力。本研究搜集2005~2014年桃园地区农业、工业以及人口发展等数据，透过系统动力模式推衍未来2015~2030年桃园地区需水情势，并参考1977、1984、2002年等干旱年之石门水库旬入流量及水库初始有效库容50%、40%、30%等情境，总共设定九种未来干旱供水可能状况，运用石门水库操作规则(M-5操作规线)模拟未来缺水严重程度，并透过非支配排序遗传算-II (NSGA-II)搜寻最大的平均有效蓄水率(RRS)及最小的修正缺水指标(MSI)等两个目标；透过NSGA-II的搜寻，修正缺水指标(MSI)于各水文情境的表现最高达31.3%的改善率，各旬有效蓄水率最高达9.8%的改善率。我们期望所提出之智能型水资源管理系统能对未来永续水资源管理研究有所帮助。 Along with the changes over time, the urbanization of Taoyuan in Taiwan has progressed rapidly while the population growth and industrial development has led to a significant increase in the water demands in this area. Therefore, the water regulation of the Shimen Reservoir in Taoyuan is a critical issue, especially for drought periods. In response to increasing water demands and hydrological uncertainties, this study aims to build an intelligent water allocation system in order to suitably make water regulation with a flexible transfer of water from irrigation sectors to industrial and municipal sectors for reducing the water pressure in public sectors during drought periods. According to the analysis on the historical data collected from agricultural and industrial sectors as well as population statistics in Taoyuan during 2005 and 2014, this study first simulates the future water demands for the period of 2015 and 2030 in Taoyuan. We next design nine water supply scenarios in response to the possible drought periods in the future based on the ten-day inflow data collected from the Shimen Reservoir in three drought years and three initial storage capacities of the reservoir for these drought years. According to the simulation results of future water demand and supply, we analyze the water shortage conditions during 2015 and 2030 by using M-5 rule curves and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). In search of the minimal modified shortage index (MSI) and the maximal ratio of effective reservoir storage capacity (RRS), the results indicate that the largest improvement rates of the MSI and the averaged effective reservoir storage capacity ratio for ten-day periods can reach as high as 31.3% and 9.8%, respectively. We hope that the proposed intelligent water allocation system will pave the way to future research for sustaining water resources management.

Moral Incentives in Credit Card Debt Repayment: Evidence from a Field Experiment

We study the role of morality in the decision to repay debts. Using a field experiment with a large Islamic bank in Indonesia, we find that moral appeals strongly increase credit card repayments. In our setting, all of the bank’s late-paying credit card customers receive a basic reminder to repay their debt one day after they miss the payment due date. In addition, two days before the end of a ten-day grace period, clients in a treatment group also receive a text message that quotes an Islamic religious text stating that “non-repayment of debts by someone who is able to repay is an injustice.” This message increases the share of customers meeting their minimum payments by nearly 20%. By contrast, sending either a simple reminder or an Islamic quote that is unrelated to debt repayment has no effect on the share of customers making the minimum payment. Clients also respond more strongly to this moral appeal than to substantial financial incentives: receiving the religious message increases repayments by more than offering a cash rebate equivalent to 50% of the minimum repayment. Finally, we find that removing religious aspects from the quote does not change its effectiveness, suggesting that the moral appeal of the message does not necessarily rely on its religious connotation.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

<b>Agrometeorological models for groundnut crop yield forecasting in the Jaboticabal, São Paulo State region, Brazil

Forecast is the act of estimating a future event based on current data. Ten-day period (TDP) meteorological data were used for modeling: mean air temperature, precipitation and water balance components (water deficit (DEF) and surplus (EXC) and soil water storage (SWS)). Meteorological and yield data from 1990-2004 were used for calibration, and 2005-2010 were used for testing. First step was the selection of variables via correlation analysis to determine which TDP and climatic variables have more influence on the crop yield. The selected variables were used to construct models by multiple linear regression, using a stepwise backwards process. Among all analyzed models, the following was notable: Yield = - 4.964 x [SWS of 2° TDP of December of the previous year (OPY)] – 1.123 x [SWS of 2° TDP of November OPY] + 0.949 x [EXC of 1° TDP of February of the productive year (PY)] + 2.5 x [SWS of 2° TDP of February OPY] + 19.125 x [EXC of 1° TDP of May OPY] – 3.113 x [EXC of 3° TDP of January OPY] + 1.469 x [EXC of 3 TDP of January of PY] + 3920.526, with MAPE = 5.22%, R 2 = 0.58 and RMSEs = 111.03 kg ha -1 .

Reduced soil moisture contributes to more intense and more frequent heat waves in northern China

Heat waves have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their frequent occurrence. The present study investigates the heat wave intensity and duration in China using daily maximum temperature from 753 weather stations from 1960 to 2010. In addition, its relationships with soil moisture local forcing on the ten-day period and monthly scales in spring and summer are analyzed using soil moisture data from weather stations and ERA40 reanalysis data. And finally, a mechanistic analysis is carried out using CAM5.1 (Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1) coupled with CLM2 (Community Land Model, version 2). It is found that the heat wave frequency and duration show a sandwich distribution across China, with high occurrence rates in Southeast China and Northwest China, where the maximum frequency and duration exceeded 2.1 times and 9 days per year, respectively. The increasing trends in both duration and intensity occurred to the north of 35°N. The relationships between heat wave frequency in northern China in July (having peak distribution) and soil moisture in the earlier stage (from March to June) and corresponding period (July) are further analyzed, revealing a strong negative correlation in March, June and July, and thus showing that soil moisture in spring and early summer could be an important contributor to heat waves in July via positive subtropical high anomalies. However, the time scales of influence were relatively short in the semi-humid and humid regions, and longer in the arid region. The contribution in the corresponding period took place via positive subtropical high anomalies and positive surface skin temperature and sensible heat flux anomalies.

Occurrence and removal of frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals and corresponding metabolites in wastewater of a sewage treatment plant

The present study determines removal rates (RR) of 56 pharmaceuticals and metabolites, respectively, in an urban sewage treatment plant using mass flow analysis by comparing influent and effluent loads over a consecutive ten-day monitoring period. Besides well investigated compounds like carbamazepine and metoprolol, less researched targets, such as topiramate, pregabalin, telmisartan, and human metabolites of pharmaceuticals were included. Another aim was to determine the ratio of pharmaceuticals and corresponding metabolites in raw wastewater.Valsartan and gabapentin were detected at the highest average concentrations in influent (cval=29.7 (±8.1) μg/L, cgab=13.2 (±3.3) μg/L) and effluent (cval=22.1 (±5.1) μg/L, cgab=12.1 (±2.6) μg/L) samples. The comparison of mass loads in influent and effluent showed a significant removal (p<0.1) for 20 compounds but only enalapril, eprosartan, losartan, pregabalin, and quetiapine were removed from the aqueous phase by more than 50%. Another 20 compounds were determined without significant difference and for five compounds (clindamycin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, O-desmethyl venlafaxine, triamterene), a significant higher mass load in the effluent than in the influent was observed.It has to be noticed that metabolites like 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine (MHD) are found in higher mass loads than the corresponding parent compound in the sewage samples. Furthermore, metabolites and parent compound behave differently in the sewage treatment process. While MHD (RR=15.1%) was detected with lower mass load in the effluent than in the influent, oxcarbazepine (RR=−73.2%) showed the contrary pattern.When comparing expected and measured ratios of parent compound and metabolite in raw sewage, citalopram/N-desmethyl citalopram for example, showed good results. However, a major problem exists due to insufficient data regarding metabolism and excretion of many pharmaceuticals. This complicates the prediction of relevant metabolites and further efforts are needed to overcome this problem.

Effects of Ester‐C®and Ascorbic Acid on Gastrointestinal Outcomes: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Trial

BackgroundOptimum vitamin C intake is not always attainable solely via food consumption, therefore supplementation may be desirable. However, vitamin C supplementation is not without notable gastrointestinal discomfort resulting from its acidic nature, which may affect overall quality of life.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of Ester‐C® (EC) and Ascorbic Acid (AA) on gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in subjects with acid‐sensitivity.MethodsIn this double‐blind, cross‐over study, 50 healthy adults with acid‐sensitivity were randomized to receive vitamin C (1000 mg for Day 1‐5, 2000 mg for Day 6‐10) provided by either AA or EC. Gastrointestinal side effects as measured by Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the associated changes in quality of life as measured by Medical Outcomes Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) were assessed.ResultsAn intention‐to‐treat analysis was conducted on 50 subjects (11 males, 39 females). After ten days of treatment, AA resulted in significant worsening of Abdominal pain (p=0.02), Diarrhea (p=0.047), and total GSRS score (p=0.019), while there were no significant changes in EC group. The Role Physical and Bodily Pain scores were significantly better in EC group compared to AA group over the ten‐day period (p = 0.004 and 0.008, respectively).ConclusionEster‐C® is better tolerated than Ascorbic Acid in individuals with acid‐sensitivity.

Influence of seeding time and depth on the photosynthetic productivity of sweet sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Pers.) plantings

There are the results of study aimed at determining influence of seeding time and depth on the photosynthetic productivity of sweet sorghum plantings of Sylosne 42 variety in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In particular, data regarding leaf assimilating area, photosynthetic potential, net productivity of photosynthesis as well as results of two-way analysis of variance are shown. It was found that in case of sweet sorghum seeding in the second ten-day period of May (the third seeding term) to the depth of 4–6 cm plants were developing better. Under these conditions, the maximum values of photosynthetic productivity compared to other study variants were obtained. For that reason, the third seeding term and seed placement depth of 4–6 cm are recommended for growing this crop in the above area.

Dias trabalháveis para o manejo do solo em função da chuva e da disponibilidade hídrica do solo em diferentes regiões brasileiras

The use of machinery in agriculture is increasing. This leads to soil compaction or degradation when the machinery is operated under inappropriate soil conditions, which in turn results in decreasing crop yields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the periods of the year when it is appropriate to use machinery for soil management, as a function of rainfall and soil moisture, in traditional agricultural regions in southern Brazil. The study used daily rainfall and air temperature data from Piracicaba, SP, Passo Fundo, RS, Londrina, PR and Dourados, MS, Brazil. Favorable conditions were calculated considering daily rainfall lower than 5 mm and soil moisture between 40 and 90% of soil water holding capacity. Daily soil water balance was calculated by the Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) method, for a soil water holding capacity of 100 mm, which represents the main soils of the studied regions. The Markov chain was applied and used to calculate the conditional probabilities which were used for estimating the sequential working days in each ten-day period throughout the year. The working days technique is an important tool for determining the most appropriate periods of the year for soil management. The annual rainfall and soil moisture variability was used to identify the periods of the year with low, medium and high suitability for soil management. For the assessed locations, there was a predominance of 11 to 20 working days per month, except for Londrina where up to 10 working days per month predominated.

OR05-3 * PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: STATUS OF ACAMPROSATE USE AT OUR CENTER

Instruction. For the last several decades, only two drugs, cyanamid and disulfiram, have been used to treat alcohol dependence (AD) in Japan. Acamprosate became available for clinical use in Japan in May 2013. Here, we report the status of acamprosate use at our hospital. Methods. We investigated 471 inpatients who were hospitalized at our hospital between June 1 and December 31, 2013, as well as 357 outpatients who came to our hospital during a specific ten-day period in 2013. We categorized the patients according to sex, age, combination drug, and administration period. We also reviewed the patient counseling notes written by pharmacists and examined the adverse effects of acamprosate in 117 male patients who were in the rehabilitation phase. Result. Acamprosate was prescribed to 54% of the inpatients. Acamprosate alone was prescribed in approximately half of the patients, while a combination of disulfiram and acamprosate was prescribed in 25% and disulfiram alone was prescribed in another 25%. The most common adverse effect was diarrhea (10%). Overall, 75% of the patients did not have any adverse effects while receiving medication. Conclusion. Almost all the inpatients continued to take acamprosate throughout their stay at the hospital, with minimal adverse effects of a low severity. The major treatment for outpatients continues to be disulfiram, but physicians are positively considering the combined use of acamprosate. We foresee acamprosate as becoming the drug of first choice for the treatment of AD.

The Reaction of European Credit Default Swap Spreads to the U.S. Credit Rating Downgrade

Using data consisting of Credit Default Swap (CDS) spreads, this study examines CDS spreads for nearly all European countries surrounding the August 5th, 2011 Sovereign Credit Rating downgrade of the United States. While U.S. CDS spreads remained at relatively normal levels, we find a surge in European CDS spreads during the ten-day period surrounding the U.S. downgrade. At their highest level during this ten-day period, CDS spreads were nearly 25 percent higher than normal indicating that the CDS market perceived that the U.S. downgrade dramatically affected the likelihood of default in European countries. We find that European countries with the smallest GDP per capita and countries that had not recently been downgraded had the largest increase in CDS spreads.

The reaction of European credit default swap spreads to the U.S. credit rating downgrade

Using data consisting of Credit Default Swap (CDS) spreads, this study examines CDS spreads for nearly all European countries surrounding the August 5th, 2011 sovereign credit rating downgrade of the United States. While U.S. CDS spreads remained at relatively normal levels, we find a surge in European CDS spreads during the ten-day period surrounding the U.S. downgrade. At their highest level during this ten-day period, CDS spreads were nearly 25% higher than normal indicating that the CDS market perceived that the U.S. downgrade dramatically affected the likelihood of default in European countries. We show that European countries with the smallest GDP per capita and countries that had not recently been downgraded had the largest increase in CDS spreads. Our multivariate tests also show that countries that use the EURO also had the largest increases in CDS spreads.

Information perception, wishes, and satisfaction in ambulatory cancer patients under active treatment: patient-reported outcomes with QLQ-INFO25.

BackgroundInformation is vital to cancer patients. Physician–patient communication in oncology presents specific challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate self-reported information of cancer patients in ambulatory care at a comprehensive cancer centre and examine its possible association with patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.Patients and methodsThis study included adult patients with solid tumours undergoing chemotherapy at the Institute Jules Bordet’s Day Hospital over a ten-day period. EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-INFO25 questionnaires were administered. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results101 (99%) fully completed the questionnaires. They were mostly Belgian (74.3%), female (78.2%), with a mean age of 56.9 ± 12.8 years. The most frequent tumour was breast cancer (58.4%). Patients were well-informed about the disease and treatments, but presented unmet information domains. The Jules Bordet patients desired more information on treatment side effects, long-term outcome, nutrition, and recurrence symptoms. Patients on clinical trials reported having received less information about their disease and less written information than patients outside clinical trials. Higher information levels were associated with higher quality of life (QoL) scores and higher patient satisfaction.ConclusionPatients were satisfied with the information they received and this correlated with higher QoL, but they still expressed unmet information wishes. Additional studies are required to investigate the quality of the information received by patients enrolled in clinical trials.

Розмір кладки та успішність розмноження синиці великої (Parus major) та блакитної (P. caeruleus) у парках м. Харків

Установлено середній розмір повної кладки синиці великої 8,9 ± 0,35 (n = 61) та синиці блакитної 9,5 ± 0,33 (n = 12). У синиці великої більшу частину складають 10- (33,5%) та 9-яйцеві (16,7%) кладки. У синиці блакитної переважають 10-яйцеві (25,0%) кладки у Журавлівському гідропарку та 12-яйцеві (17,5%) – у парку імені М. Горького. Встановлено високу успішність розмноження у синиці великої (85,1%) та блакитної (84,0%). У середньому на одну пару синиці великої із гнізда злітає 5,1 ± 0,16 пташеняти, у синиці блакитної – 8,5 ± 0,38 пташеняти. Це свідчить про стабільність урбопопуляції. Протягом існування популяції у синиці великої виявлено залежність зменшення успішності розмноження: у Журавлівському гідропарку у рік розміщення штучних гніздівель із гнізд злетіло у середньому 6,7 ± 0,12 пташеняти на одну пару, упродовж чотирьох років ця величина зменшилась майже удвічі і становила 3,6 ± 0,15. У синиці блакитної такої залежності не виявлено. Найпродуктивнішими у синиці великої виявилися кладки третьої декади квітня (89,7%), що у середньому складає 8,9 ± 0,78 пташеняти на одну пару. Найуспішнішими є 10-яйцеві кладки, частка зльоту пташенят із яких становила 98,3%, що у середньому складає 9,8 ± 0,18 на одну пару.

Ancient Egyptian Diagonal Star Tables: A New Fragment, and Updates for S16C and S1C

IntroductionAncient Egyptian coffins may contain astronomical information conveyed through depictions of diagonal star tables (also known as diagonal star 'clocks' or 'calendars') on the underside of the innermost lid. Only a small number (An entire ideal diagonal star table contains 40 columns2 as shown in Table 1. Each of the first 36 columns represents a decade (ten-day period) in the ancient Egyptian civil calendar. Three decades compose one month, and there are 12 months as indicated in the date row.* There are 12 rows in a decade, corresponding to the 12 hours in the night. Each cell in the table contains a decan name (i.e., the name of a star or an asterism) and also, in most cases, a representation of a star. As one advances through the year from one ten-day period to the next, the initial decan from the top of the previous column is removed and a new decan is added to the bottom of the new column, thus producing the diagonal pattern that give these objects their names.Four fist columns are added at the end of the table to the 36 ten-day period columns. The first three fist columns (Cl-3) contain the ordinary decans 1-36, in order, twelve decans to a column. This arrangement also has the property of reproducing the three columns from the main body of the table which each represent the first column of a season: Akhet (i.e., list column Cl is identical to main body column 1), Peret (C2 = column 13), and Shemu (C3 = column 25). The fourth list column (C4) represents the five epagomenal days at the end of the civil year. The epagomenal column lists the 'triangle decans'. These triangle decans are so called because they are gradually introduced, starting in column 26 and continuing through to column 36, to produce a triangular shape in the bottom left portion of the table.Tables are categorized as type T or type K depending on the content of their decans, in particular, the starting decan of each table.3 A concordance of star table designations together with their host coffin sigla is given in Table 2. A list of decans in type T tables is presented in Table 3 and an equivalent list for type K tables in Table 4.Mallawi Monuments Museum's Batten with Diagonal Star Table FragmentUntil August 2013, the Mallawi Monuments Museum, Middle Egypt, publicly displayed three ancient Egyptian coffins in glass cases, visible from all four sides. These included two diagonal star tables: K104 and a newly-identified fragment. The authors recorded the details of this fragment in a visit to the Museum in May 2013.The fragment is located on a cross-bar or batten of a coffin lid assigned to Hnyt or Hnty (female), and dated to the early Middle Kingdom.5 The coffin's museum number is 568.6 Its exact provenance is uncertain, but it probably originates from Asyut or Meir. Its siglum, reflecting this uncertainty, is S?3Mal7 or just S3Mal,8 where 'S' stands for Siut or Asyut, its assumed place of origin, and 'Mal' for Mallawi, its most recent museum location. Although Messiha and Elhitta attribute the coffin to Asyut,9 Lapp instead believes the coffin is from Meir10 on the basis of the exterior decoration's typology and he refers to it as M*26, with 'M' standing for Meir. Zitman agrees12 with Lapp's assessment of the exterior, and notes the similarity with another coffin, X2Y (containing the star table K5),13 which has a Meir-style exterior but an Asyut-style interior. Zitman notes Willems's suggestion14 that X2Y originated in Meir, where its exterior was decorated, but then a visiting artist from Asyut decorated the interior. However, Zitman also proposes that S?3Mal could have been excavated in Asyut because this coffin is associated with SIMal, known with more certainty to have been excavated in Asyut. …