Temporary Use Research Articles

An integrative view of human hippocampal function: Differences with other species and capacity considerations.

We describe an integrative model that encodes associations between related concepts in the human hippocampal formation, constituting the skeleton of episodic memories. The model, based on partially overlapping assemblies of "concept cells," contrast markedly with the well-established notion of pattern separation, which relies on conjunctive, context dependent single neuron responses, instead of the invariant, context independent responses found in the human hippocampus. We argue that the model of partially overlapping assemblies is better suited to cope with memory capacity limitations, that the finding of different types of neurons and functions in this area is due to a flexible and temporary use of the extraordinary machinery of the hippocampus to deal with the task at hand, and that only information that is relevant and frequently revisited will consolidate into long-term hippocampal representations, using partially overlapping assemblies. Finally, we propose that concept cells are uniquely human and that they may constitute the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive abilities that are much further developed in humans compared to other species.

Retention force, translucency, and microstructural properties of translucent temporary luting cements: An in vitro study

The aim of the study was to investigate the retention behaviour (pull-off force include adhesive remnant index = ARI) as well as translucency of various temporary luting cements and use microstructure elucidation methods to formulate explanatory approaches to their mode of action.The retention force of the temporary luting cements Provicol QM Plus (P+), Provicol QM Aesthetic (Pae), Bifix Temp (BiT), and as a reference a glass ionomer cement Meron (M) with a direct (Structur 3/S3) or an indirect (Structure CAD/SCAD) resin-based composite restauration was investigated after accelerated aging (thermocycling). Additional investigation of the physical properties was performed regarding to translucency and surface free energy. The microstructure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and micro X-ray computed tomography.All tested temporary luting cements showed different pull-off forces in the range between 3.0 and 16.8 N in combination with S3 or SCAD after thermocycling. Only BiT with S3 showed pull-off forces of 129.2 N and complete retention on the restoration (ARI = 0), which was significant (p < .001) to all other samples. High translucency (BiT > Pae > M > P+) was observed for materials with lower crystalline content and low residual mass (usally resulting from higher organic content). M showed the highest surface free energy with a predominantly polar fraction, while BiT had a predominantly dispersive fraction. The highest porosity was observed in the coronal region of the restoration.The results suggest that translucency of temporary luting cements can be increased with higher organic and lower cryristall content. All combinations of cements and temporary restorations (direct/indirect; with the exception of BiT/S3) showed pull-off forces below 17 N (equivalent to a weight force of ∼1.7 kg), which allows manual detachment of the restoration by the dentist.

Gender-Related Discrepancies in Short-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery.

The sex differences in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery are still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the impact of gender on short-term outcomes in males and females after off-pump bypass procedures. Our research was designed as a double-center retrospective analysis. Generally, 343 patients (men (n = 255) and women (n = 88)) who underwent an OPCAB procedure were included in our study. To provide a statistical analysis of unequal cohorts, we created a propensity score-based matching (PSM) analysis (men, n = 61; women, n = 61). The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Dialysis, transient ischemic attack (TIA), low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), reoperation due to postoperative bleeding, wound infection and duration of hospital stay were secondary outcomes in our analysis. No significant differences were detected within the male and female groups regarding age (p = 0.116), BMI (p = 0.221), diabetes (p = 0.853), cardiogenic shock (0.256), STEMI (p = 0.283), NSTEMI (p = 0.555) and dialysis (p = 0.496). Males underwent significantly more frequently (p = 0.005) total-arterial revascularization with T-graft technique (p = 0.005) than females. In contrast, temporary pacer use was significantly higher (p = 0.022) in females compared to males. The in-hospital mortality rate was not significantly higher (p = 0.496) in the female group compared to the male group. Likewise, secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the non-adjusted and the adjusted groups. Based on our findings, gender has no impact on short-term outcomes after OPCAB surgery.

Analysis on displacement‐based seismic design method of recycled aggregate concrete‐filled square steel tube frame structures

AbstractRecycled aggregate concrete‐filled square steel tube (S‐RACFST) frame has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, good ductility, and superior seismic performance. To propose a displacement‐based seismic design of S‐RACFST frame, the validity of the design method was verified by a detailed calculation example. Based on the performance requirements, this design method divided the structural performance into five levels: normal use, temporary use, use after strengthening, life safety, and collapse prevention, and suggested specific steps for the displacement‐based seismic design of S‐RACFST frame using the inter‐story displacement angle limit value as the quantitative indicator. The 10‐story S‐RACFST frame was used as an analytical example for static elastic–plastic analysis. The pushover lateral displacement curves of the frame structure at each performance level were obtained and compared with the displacement‐based seismic design curves. The results show that the displacement‐based seismic design method of S‐RACFST frame structures can fulfill the performance level requirements such as “temporary use,” “normal use,” and “collapse prevention,” and the displacement‐based seismic design method is one of the effective ways to realize the performance design of S‐RACFST frame structures.

Vacant urban land temporary use and neighborhood sustainability: A comparative study of two Midwestern cities

ABSTRACT Vacant urban land is a significant barrier to sustainable neighborhood development, especially in Midwestern U.S. cities. Many scholars have noted that temporary use can alleviate vacant land’s negative impact, thus enhancing local neighborhood sustainability. However, knowledge about the effectiveness of temporary use is scarce, with few studies having empirically compared the outcomes of temporary use versus a reduction in the vacant land ratio. This study employs a statistical approach to explore how vacant land and its temporary use are associated with critical neighborhood sustainability measures across environmental, social, and economic dimensions in two large Midwestern cities: Chicago, Illinois, and Columbus, Ohio. The two primary findings are: First, vacant land ratio reduction and temporary use, while associated with improvement of some neighborhood sustainability measures, may raise concerns with others. This suggests a comprehensive consideration balancing the effects across all three dimensions of neighborhood sustainability in vacant land repurposing practice and further studies. Moreover, this study highlights that high-quality temporary use, especially related to greening activities, if managed appropriately, could significantly contribute to sustainable neighborhood development. The findings expand the understanding of vacant land and temporary use, encouraging further studies and helping build more robust theories guiding vacant land repurposing practice.

Semi-permanent Restorations Just Temporary or Long-lasting Use?: A Review of the Literature

In some clinical situations, using a provisional fixed restoration for an extended period of time is unavoidable. However, traditional materials are unable to withstand this, resulting in restoration fracture, which leads to repair and/or replacement as well as increased chair time and treatment costs. Many practitioners have been developing their protocols to improve physical properties and longevities of these restorations. Currently, many manufacturers have launched novel products and several fabrication techniques; some are claimed to be “semi-permanent restoration” with improved strength and survivability. The purpose of this review article is to assist clinicians to decide the most appropriate provisional restorative materials for long-term usage in complex treatment procedures, including fabrication and cementation techniques.

The urban political ecologies of the green spaces of socialist housing estates: an analysis of green spaces in Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT This paper employs the Urban Political Ecology (UPE) framework in order to decipher the unequal geohistorical developments of the Green Spaces of Socialist Housing Estates (GSSHE) in Bucharest under socialist and post-socialist urban political economies. We respond to the call for provincializing and expanding UPE research beyond the Western world with our theoretically informed, empirically grounded study, as literature on socialist and post-socialist socio-natures is virtually non-existent. Bucharest’s GSSHE developed during the socialist era through an allocation of informal temporary land use rights that engendered practices of gardening and agriculture. During post-socialism, residents retained informal rights to use the land, engaging in activities such as gardening, temporary constructions, and house expansion. Simultaneously, patterns of both formal and informal privatization also began to emerge. The last decade brought strong institutional-led change, as district mayors of Bucharest redeveloped green spaces to serve the shifting conditions within the capitalist urban political economy. As some spaces have been completely destroyed, converted to parking spaces, bulldozed for temporary and illegal constructions, or placed under a green revitalization program, these more recent developments have come into conflict with, and partially into a negotiated relationship with, the past legacies of gardening, alternative welfare, and their preserved inequalities.

Rozas, estivadas y pan de vedro: El cultivo temporal del monte en la Galicia de la Edad Moderna

Although Galician historiography has previously dealt with the issue of temporary agricultural use of the mounts in the course of the Modern Age, as part of the study of forest resources as a whole, the objective of our work is to address in a specific way the analysis, and its evolution over time, from the resource of cultivation in the rozas or estivadas plowed in the mount and sown to obtain the so-called bread of vedro. To do this, we will try to approach the operation of said agrarian system, analyzing the complex slashing works, the necessary tools, or the types of closures and crops. In addition, we will investigate the historical origin of the periodic cultivation of the mount in Galicia, and its importance for peasant economies throughout the 16th to 19th centuries. To achieve these objectives, we will use a varied typology of documentary sources: judicial (civil lawsuits and before the Royal Audience of Galicia), fiscal (Ensenada Cadastre in 1753 and its Verifications in 1762), notarial protocols (post-mortem inventories), as well as others, such as reports from the Royal Academy of Agriculture of Galicia or files of exception of mountains derived from the liberal confiscation of the 19th century.

Temporary Use of Vacant Urban Space in Berlin: A Case Study of Flexible Policy Guidance in Creative Cities

Temporary Use of Vacant Urban Space in Berlin: A Case Study of Flexible Policy Guidance in Creative Cities

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СУТНОСТІ КРЕДИТНОЇ ПОСЛУГИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇЇ НАДАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИМИ УСТАНОВАМИ

The article is devoted to the conceptual and practical foundations of the study of the peculiarities of the provision of credit services by financial institutions. In the process of researching conceptual approaches to revealing the essence of the "service" and "credit" categories, a systematization of sepa-rate scientific approaches to their interpretation was carried out, which made it possible to specify the meaning of "credit service" as an economic category. Based on the generalization of existing ap-proaches, the author's interpretation of the "credit service" category is proposed as an intangible result of interaction between borrowers and financial institutions regarding the provision of financial re-sources for temporary use under certain conditions. The necessity of distinguishing the system of prin-ciples of providing credit services, including: payment, term,return, intended use and provision, has been proved. Meaningful features of credit services have been singled out, among which the following deserve special attention: availability of agreed payment terms; fee for use of funds; availability of the borrower's credit rating; trust, state control and regulation of the market, availability of collateral. On the basis of the study of the main concepts of their interpretation, the scientists proposed to consider the credit service as an intangible result of theinteraction between borrowers and financial institutions regarding the provision of financial resources for temporary use under certain conditions and taking into account the following principles of the implementation of such a service: payment, term, return, target use and security.Attention is focused on the importance of the functioning of intermediaries in the process of con-sumer lending, who carry out an initial check of the client's documents, fill out his loan application and send it to several banks at once and, subject to a positive decision of the bank, issue a loan. The existence of a leading role of financial institutions in ensuring expanded reproduction of the real sector of the economy, formation of the financial potential of the national economy is substantiated.

The terminological concept of rental reports

Since the appearance of the first relations established on the occasion of the temporary use of another’s property, it has been necessary a clarity regarding the general term entitled the category of the legal relationship by which they materialize, but also the derived terms entitled and some varieties arising from it. For example, in the legal sense it is necessary to delimit the relations that are established in connection with the use of a certain good (land) from those that take place around the fact of the transmission of a good for free. Moreover, the development of all areas of life has also involved the diversification of the use of different categories of goods. Therefore, today the institution we are talking about is perceived almost unanimously as a location, a general term that makes it possible to understand the issue of using someone else’s property. However, when the object of the alienation of use is an agricultural land, then this report is called a lease, and when a certain good is put into use for free, the legal relationship materializes in the form of a loan agreement. Therefore, the legal regime of different varieties of leasing begins to be built right from the title of the report that is perceived by its name.

Assessment of HIV Awareness among Prisoners as a Determinant of Effectiveness of Preventive Measures in Risk Groups

Introduction: HIV prevention and spread of this infection remain key issues of epidemiology. In this respect, appropriate preventive measures are taken in the Tyumen Region among prisoners, a specific group at risk of HIV infection and spread. In terms of epidemiology, it seems important to analyze HIV awareness among convicts for further elaboration or amendment of preventive actions currently taken in the region for this contingent. Objective: To assess the level of awareness of HIV risks under conditions of the penitentiary system among prisoners. Materials and methods: The survey method, descriptive-evaluative, analytical, statistical and epidemiological research methods with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators are used in the work. The method of collecting primary sociological information is a questionnaire survey (November, 2021) of prisoners by entering answers into the author's questionnaire on paper. HIV-negative prisoners took part in the survey (n = 60; 20-50 years old; CI = 95 %; criterion sample). Results: The questionnaire-based survey of 60 male prisoners showed that the respondents were confident in a zero risk of HIV infection. Half of them believed that they would never get HIV while 95 % (n = 57) considered prison to be a risk-free zone. Only 63.3 % (n = 38) of the inmates agreed that any sexual intercourse posed a HIV risk. Besides, 73.3 % (n = 44) had never used intravenous drugs (they used non-parenteral drugs or not on a regular basis); 16.6 % (n = 10) favored “light” psychoactive substances or their temporary use. Fifty-five percent (n = 33) of the respondents were unaware of the recommended frequency of HIV testing and 38.8 % (n = 23) of them had been tested for HIV more than a year before the survey. Consequently, the members of the risk group do not realize themselves part of the problem, are poorly informed, and know little about HIV prevention and factors contributing to the spread of this deadly disease. Conclusions: The social group of prisoners is an important component in containment of the HIV epidemic process in the region. The survey results necessitate improvement of the HIV outreach program in the correctional system.

PAYMENT METHODS IN THE CREDIT MARKET IN THE MODERN PERIOD

The article talks about the special role of credit in the banking system and the ways of its organization in the conditions of the market economy. Currently, a large amount of cash settlements and payments are made by enterprises, organizations and people all over the world through credit, and at the same time, it turns free money instruments, people’s savings and income into active working capital, many different loans, insurance, brokerage, investment, trusts, carries out consulting transfers and other operations. Although secondary to production, the credit system is always and largely preferred. As a result of the research, it was determined that the loan increases the volume of savings many times, ensures the flow of funds from one sector to another, and thereby creates conditions for increasing the efficiency of production. The role and meaning of the credit system is characterized by a number of indicators: the total amount of credit, the share of bank loans in the formation of fixed and working capital of enterprises and organizations, total payment turnover, etc. The purpose is to create credit relations as a result of the credit system performing its function, to determine the content of credit relations by economic relations between credit organizations and various subjects based on return and payment conditions for the collection and redistribution of free funds within a certain period of time, etc. is to investigate issues. Methodology – economic, statistical and comparative analysis methods were used in the research work. Research results – the content of credit relations is not limited to the accumulation of monetary capital and the temporary use of legal and natural persons. In the process of lending, a mass of financial instruments is formed in addition to the production costs, that is, the money circulation of reproduction.

АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОМУНАЛЬНИМ МАЙНОМ

The article is devoted to issues of analytical provision of communal property management. The article focuses on the fact that communal property is the main source of forming the resource potential of territorial communities, and therefore, the effectiveness of its management determines the level of their favorability. Under these conditions, local self-government bodies are faced with the question of choosing the optimal toolkit for communal property management to ensure procedural socio-economic development of the community. Analytical support plays an important role in this process. The author summarizes scientific approaches to the analytical support of management of communal property objects and outlines directions for improving this process. The article states that the informatization of the communal property management process based on the use of appropriate software allows for the search, allocation and formation of information arrays, which will serve as an information base for identifying alternatives for management decisions in this area. In the process of managing communal property, local self-government bodies can use various tools, namely: transfer property for permanent or temporary use to legal entities and individuals, lease or concession, sell and buy; use property as collateral; to resolve the issue of property alienation (privatization), etc. The correct choice of tools also determines the effectiveness of its use. The modern practice of the functioning of territorial communities indicates the presence of problems in the field of communal property management, which relate to the transfer of property to sublease, the holding of an auction, the use of objects of unfinished construction, sale, privatization, and others. Analytical support for communal property management will allow you to keep records of property, monitor the condition of communally owned objects, and track how efficiently leased property is used. At the same time, the use of modern forecasting methods will allow the local self-government body to choose the way to use the property from the point of view of the income that the community will be able to receive from its use. In this way, analytical support for the management of communal property will contribute to increasing the efficiency of its use and obtaining additional revenues for the local budget.

Towards a standardized protocol to assess natural capital and ecosystem services in solar parks

AbstractNatural capital and ecosystem services have emerged as fundamental concepts of ecosystem management strategies in the past two decades, particularly within major international land assessment frameworks, including the UN's Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services' Global Assessment Report.Despite the recent development of several analytical methods and models to quantify changes in natural capital and ecosystem services resulting from land use change, incorporating them into the land planning process can be challenging from a practical point of view without guidance on standard methods.In an attempt to decarbonize energy supply systems to meet internationally agreed targets on climate change, solar energy production, in the form of ground‐mounted solar parks, is emerging as one of the dominant forms of temporary land use for renewable energies globally.We propose 19 directly measurable indicators associated with 16 ecosystem services within three major stocks of natural capital (biodiversity, soil and water) that are most likely to be impacted by the development of solar parks. Indicators are supported by well‐established methods that have been widely used in pure and applied land use research within terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, they can be implemented flexibly according to interest or land management objectives.Whilst not intended as a precise recipe for how to assess the effects of solar park development on hosting ecosystems, the protocol will guide the solar energy industry and all actors involved, be they researchers, practitioners, ecological consultancies or statutory bodies, to implement a standardized approach to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in natural capital and ecosystem services resulting from solar park development and operation, with the ultimate aim of generating comparable and reproducible data on ecosystem impact assessment across the solar energy sector.

Prospects of using public and private partnership for the reconstruction of Ukraine in the post-war period

Problem statement. Because of the military aggression of the Russian Federation, the Ukrainian people and the authorities face demanding challenges regarding the reconstruction of the country. One of the main priorities during the recovery in the post- war period is to find new, alternative sources of financing, in particular, using the advantages of public and private partnership (PPP). Analysis of recent research and publications. The proposals of Ukrainian and foreign researchers and practitioners regarding the PPP mechanism application for implementing the reconstruction of public and industrial buildings, construction and management of new highways, and other projects may be valuable for post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Additional research on the PPP specifics in martial law and the post-war period is necessary to improve the regulatory and institutional support of public and private partnership and investment activities. Highlighting the previously unsolved parts of the general problem. Identification of opportunities for increasing the transparency of relevant measures, improving legislation related to the PPP, including in the field of concession instruments, development of proper institutional support for the PPP are significant areas of research related to the further development of public and private partnership in Ukraine, in particular, in the conditions of martial law and the post-war period. Presentation of the main material. Restoring the functioning of critical infrastructure facilities as soon as possible and gradual reconstruction of other objects which are necessary for the full life of the country are the essential tasks of Ukraine. It is not possible to put the financial burden only on the state and local budgets in a short period. Private investments should be attracted through the PPP mechanism, which, according to the experience of other countries, is one of the most effective ways to attract funds for developing the infrastructure and providing services to consumers in many fields. The experience of countries that have rebuilt their national economies after military conflicts in recent decades is helpful. The legislation of the Republic of Serbia uses the term "Public contract" and the concept of public and private partnership, which enables central and local authorities to meet infrastructure needs. The use of PPP in this country allows attracting private capital for construction and operation of roads, schools, water supply, landfills, and other projects in a lack of budgetary funds. The experience of other countries in promoting PPP development shows the effectiveness of the functioning of specialized institutions. For example, the Kosovo PPP Committee promotes and supports the implementation of PPP in many sectors of the economy to provide more efficient infrastructure and public services at a lower cost. According to the analysis of international experience, the most common reconstruction projects using PPP in the world are those implemented in the road and transport infrastructure, port, railway, and aviation activities, pipeline infrastructure development, stadiums, etc. The historical example of the aid of the United States of America to European countries after the Second World War is valuable. Accordingly, it is institutionally appropriate to provide help to Ukraine through a specialized agency with the participation of donor countries and in agreement with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Similarly to the "Marshall Plan", it would be appropriate for aid recipients to provide detailed plans and reports on investment projects and the progress of their implementation to the created agency that would establish and regulate the relevant criteria and requirements. Creating the national coordinating body in Ukraine, developing a strategy and determining priorities for the country’s recovery, and forming the central and regional project management teams are necessary steps for combining public finance and private investment. It is essential, in particular, in conditions of concession, which provide for the transfer of the state or municipal property to a private investor for temporary use. Moreover, there should be provided the availability of information and transparency of the activities of relevant institutions and equal opportunities for potential private investors to participate in PPP projects for restoring Ukrainian facilities. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The public and private partnership mechanism aims at increasing the efficiency and quality of the implementation of reconstruction projects and commissioning the new facilities within the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The transparency of investment activities based on the PPP mechanism and the rational distribution of powers in cooperation with interested parties should play an important role. The experience of European countries that carried out reconstruction after military conflicts indicates the feasibility of developing institutional support for the PPP mechanism and transparency of information and activities of the relevant institutions. It is advisable to conduct further research on the problems of reconstruction of Ukraine involving the public and private partnership mechanism by improving the institutional support of investment processes in Ukraine.

디지털 시대 저작권법상 저작재산권 제한 내용 검토

Copyright law continues to change its contents according to the process of the development of media technologies, which have also been changing the form of use of works protected by copyright law. This is results from the digital transformation; most of the content including copyrighted works are changed into digital forms. Just as the Printing Revolution in the past brought the era of reproduction, it leads to the era of transition to the ‘Digital’ Revolution. As one of phenomena of transformation, the form of using copyrighted works is changing from downloading for the long-term use to streaming for temporary use. Of course, while digitized works are mainly used online rather than offline, the current copyright law has a large number of provisions based on the traditional/classical use of works. Copyright infringement in online space can bring more complex problems than expected due to the development of digital technologies. Despite the new technologies used in the online space, our copyright law does not provide an appropriate answer to whether the use of copyrighted works constitutes an infringement or whether the interests of copyright holders and users are reasonably balanced. There is a gap between reality and law, where various uses of digitized works matter, and this paper will look at copyright limitations in consideration of using digital content, which has become common due to the development of digital technology. The Korean Copyright Act basically stipulates the rights conferred on copyright holders, while exercising those rights of copyright holders is restricted for securing rights of users who use works. The history of copyright law is nothing but a history of constant tug-of-war between rights holders and users, and we should examine whether the current copyright limiations are undertaking appropriate functions in the digital era for the purpose of balancing between rights holders and users. Although they are largely divided into limitations for the public interest and limitations for user convenience (private interest), the purpose of the user convenience will eventually contribute to promote access and use of works and lead to the improvement of the cultural industry. On the other hand, as a result of reviewing fair use (Article 35-5 of the Copyright Act), copyright law is ultimately characterized as a law for cultural development, and it is on its way to adapt itself to the rapidly changed environment of content consumption in response to technological development. Rather than simply adjusting profits on the premise of the conventional confrontation structure of ‘rightsholder versus user’, it is necessary to keep in mind that the complex relationship between various subjects surrounding the efficient use of digital works is well understood and controlled. In the reality in which the possibility of copyright infringement is increasing when using digital works, copyright limitations do not seem to balance users and rightsholders. Ultimately, when digital content users use works, it will be necessary for copyright limitations to make clear the scope and contents of practically permissible use in more details.

Feasibility and safety of bridge therapy with active fixed electrodes connected to external permanent pacemakers for patients with infective endocarditis after lead removal and before permanent pacemaker implantation

Objective: To analyze the feasibility and safety of bridge therapy with active fixed electrodes connected to external permanent pacemakers (AFLEP) for patients with infective endocarditis after lead removal and before permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods: A total of 44 pacemaker-dependent patients, who underwent lead removal due to infective endocarditis in our center from January 2015 to January 2020, were included. According to AFLEP or temporary pacemaker option during the transition period, patients were divided into AFLEP group or temporary pacemaker group. Information including age, sex, comorbidities, indications and types of cardial implantable electionic device (CIED) implantation, lead age, duration of temporary pacemaker or AFLEP use, and perioperative complications were collected through Haitai Medical Record System. The incidence of pacemaker perception, abnormal pacing function, lead perforation, lead dislocation, lead vegetation, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, death and newly infection of implanted pacemaker were compared between the two groups. Pneumothorax, hematoma and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis were also analyzed. Results: Among the 44 patients, 24 were in the AFLEP group and 20 in the temporary pacemaker group. Age was younger in the AFLEP group than in the temporary pacemaker group (57.5(45.5, 66.0) years vs. 67.0(57.3, 71.8) years, P=0.023). Male, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal dysfunction and old myocardial infarction were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Lead duration was 11.0(8.0,13.0) years in the AFLEP group and 8.5(7.0,13.0) years in the temporary pacemaker group(P=0.292). Lead vegetation diameter was (8.2±2.4)mm in the AFLEP group and (9.1±3.0)mm in the temporary pacemaker group. Lead removal was successful in all patients. The follow-up time in the AFLEP group was 23.0(20.5, 25.5) months, and the temporary pacemaker group was 17.0(14.5, 18.5) months. In the temporary pacemaker group, there were 2 cases (10.0%) of lead dislocation, 2 cases (10.0%) of sensory dysfunction, 2 cases (10.0%) of pacing dysfunction, and 2 cases (10.0%) of death. In the AFLEP group, there were 2 cases of abnormal pacing function, which improved after adjusting the output voltage of the pacemaker, there was no lead dislocation, abnormal perception and death. Femoral vein access was used in 8 patients (40.0%) in the temporary pacemaker group, and 4 patients developed lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. There was no deep venous thrombosis in the AFLEP group. The transition treatment time was significantly longer in the AFLEP group than in the temporary pacemaker group (19.5(16.0, 25.8) days vs. 14.0(12.0, 16.8) days, P=0.001). During the follow-up period, there were no reinfections with newly implanted pacemakers in the AFLEP group, and reinfection occurred in 2 patients (10.0%) in the temporary pacemaker group. Conclusions: Bridge therapy with AFLEP for patients with infective endocarditis after lead removal and before permanent pacemaker implantation is feasible and safe. Compared with temporary pacemaker, AFLEP is safer in the implantation process and more stable with lower lead dislocation rate, less sensory and pacing dysfunction.

Exploring the catalytic power of temporary urbanism through a binary approach

The temporary use of vacant spaces has become integrated into formal urban development practices. This paper seeks to explore the catalytic power of temporary urbanism for sustainable urban development by focusing on the tension between temporary and permanent and the dynamics through which temporary urbanism becomes catalytic. The case study focuses on a six-year experimental period of the Hiedanranta brownfield until the city started to build the area for a new residential district in Tampere, Finland. Rich details of temporary urbanism were achieved through interviews with 27 city developers and experimental participants. The analysis revealed three tracks of catalytic mechanisms of temporary urbanism emerging from the persistent tension between temporary and permanent. By demonstrating the origins of catalytic power, this research contributes to academic and practical interests to find productive relationships between temporary urbanism, planning and sustainability governance in cities.

Culture-Led Regeneration of Industrial Brownfield Hosting Temporary Uses: A Post-Socialist Context–Case Study from Novi Sad, Serbia

Utilizing culture as a tool for the regeneration of industrial brownfields represents a fairly new trend in post-socialist Europe. This topic has garnered some academic attention; however, studies primarily originate from EU member states, whereas the examples from non-EU cities remains largely unexplored. In addition, the literature dealing with the temporary creative use of derelict industrial sites in post-socialist cities is scarce. The case study-based paper contributes to filling these voids by investigating the creativity-driven informal activation of the Kineska Quarter in Novi Sad, the second largest city in Serbia and the European Capital of Culture for 2022, and its planned transformation into a creative district. The research aims are to examine the capacity of temporary uses to act as a hard infrastructure of the culture-led regeneration, identify the policy framework that shaped the project and highlight its shortcomings, detect potential sustainability issues, and examine how soft factors affect the use of hard infrastructure. The findings suggest that the redevelopment of a creative brownfield based on the simulation of bottom-up decision-making and hastily developed and blurry regeneration policies lead to uncertainty about its sustainability. They also suggest that post-socialist cities lacking experience in this field necessitate a context-perceptive, socially responsible, and locale-conscious approach to the (then sustainable) culture-led regeneration of spontaneously activated brownfields sites, which requires meaningful and not just pro forma involvement of non-institutional actors in the policy- and decision-making process.