Temporary Tent Research Articles

A stacking machine learning model for predicting pullout capacity of small ground anchors

Small ground anchors are widely used to fix securing tents in disaster relief efforts. Given the urgent nature of rescue operations, it is crucial to obtain prompt and accurate estimations of their pullout capacity. In this study, a stacking machine learning (ML) model is developed for the rapid estimation of pullout capacity offered by small ground anchors used for temporary tents, leveraging cone penetration data. The proposed stacking model incorporates three ML algorithms as the base regression models: K-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector regression (SVR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). A dataset comprising 119 in-situ anchor pullout tests, where the cone penetration data were measured, is utilized to train and assess the stacking model performance. Three metrics, i.e., coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), are employed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the proposed model and compare its performance against four popular ML models and an empirical formula to highlight the advantages of the proposed stacking approach. The results affirm that the proposed stacking model outperforms other ML models and the empirical approach as achieving higher R2 and lower MAE and RMSE and more predicted data points falling within 20% error line. Thus, the proposed stacking model holds promising potential as a solution for efficiently predicting the pullout capacity of small ground anchors.

The urban poor and everyday states in an Indian metropolis

AbstractThis article examines an incident of fire in a squatter settlement in Delhi to understand the interaction between the urban poor and the state. Following the incident, the Delhi government undertook different welfare measures for the affected residents. These included immediate relief in the form of temporary tents for the families, a proposal to build proper houses for them, and compensation checks as direct monetary support. The empirical materials presented in this article show how state interventions tend to suffer from deficiencies of knowledge, trust, and bureaucratic effectiveness. Thus, they do not commensurate with the apparent intentions behind them. Each of these welfare measures engendered an entanglement of the urban poor in the state that affects their relationship to the law, urban space, the local economy, and bureaucratic structures. Analyzing the unfolding of the everyday state on the ground, I suggest that a squatter settlement's dynamic and entangled relationships with the state make it a unique site for analysis of the state from an urban perspective. Critical interpretations of their interactions and the discourses they engender are key ethnographic resources for understanding the dynamics of inequality in contemporary cities.

Airflow Distribution of Hall and Classroom as Temporary Evacuation Centers: A Case Study in Melaka

During floods, the Malaysian Department of Welfare (JKM) oversees the opening and assigning of victims to evacuation centres. Public buildings such as school classrooms and community halls act as Temporary Evacuation Centers (TEC) that can last up to two weeks. The foldable tents will be provided to each family at the evacuation centres to assure that the victims have personal space. For privacy and separation, they were confined in a temporary tent with only a few fans from the building to keep their comfort. Therefore, the thermal comfort level within the temporary tent is usually affected by the airflow distribution from naturally ventilated buildings from building layout and design. In this study, two independent public buildings were hall (School A) and a classroom (School B) in Melaka, Malaysia, were investigated to simulate the airflow distribution accordingly. In-situ air sampling measures were performed using indoor air sampling techniques for 24 hours to measure the air velocity, air temperatures, and relative humidity in the building. Airflow distribution throughout the floor was used to simulate the airflow with the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to identify the airflow direction. The average airflow rate between Schools A and B was 0.19 ms-1 and 0.27 ms-1, respectively, after the data collection. Meanwhile, the average air temperature between Schools A and B was 30.3℃ and 29.4℃, respectively. Therefore, School B's classroom layout is the best model for forecasting airflow rate, air velocity, and temperature for the evacuation center.

Fiji Emergency Medical Assistance Team’s (FEMAT) Response to Tropical Cyclone Yasa, Fiji

Background/Introduction:Tropical Cyclone Yasa made landfall on Fiji’s main islands as a Category 5 cyclone on December 17, 2020 causing an immense impact on the health system with damages to health infrastructure amounting to 1.2 million USD.1 FEMAT was activated to assess and assist with disaster response in the greatly impacted Northern and Eastern Divisions of Fiji.Objectives:To describe FEMAT’s response to Tropical Cyclone Yasa.Method/Description:FEMAT’s response to TC Yasa included community assessments, provision of medical supplies and temporary tents for health facilities, and coordinating the distribution of WASH kits. FEMAT’s Health Emergency Response Team (HERT) was mobilized and provided surveillance support and medical care in Evacuation Centers (EC) treating the injured and sick. Health inspectors were deployed with FEMAT to provide food safety surveillance and management of dead animals near and in water sources.Results/Outcomes:Four mobile FEMAT teams were deployed during the TC Yasa response for 17 days over the Christmas and New Year holidays. Teams were composed of physicians, nurses, and health inspectors, and were provided with vehicles stocked with medications, medical supplies, food, and tents. 354 different communities were visited by FEMAT HERT teams, including five islands, 170 villages, 167 settlements, four estates, and eight evacuation centers. 1,172 out-patient medical encounters were recorded. Over 110 sites were treated for potential vectors by spraying and disinfection.Conclusion:FEMAT operationalized a small, mobile medical teams approach to respond to Category 5 tropical cyclone that impacted Fiji in December of 2020.

Optimalisasi Dengan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) dan Reliability Centered Spares (RCS)

Disasters are a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives and livelihoods caused by both natural and non-natural and human factors, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses and psychological impacts. From the losses caused, alertness is needed in order to reduce the side effects that will occur. The social service is one of the government institutions that has an important role in being involved in the distribution of social assistance needed by disaster-affected communities. This role is also a form of alertness carried out by the Social Service in the implementation of disaster response. South Sulawesi Province is one of the large provinces with a high level of fire potential. This study examines the role and efforts of the social services of the South Sulawesi province in disaster response to overcome problems that occur in disaster-affected communities, for example by providing logistical assistance in the form of fulfilling needs that are lacking such as fast food, temporary tents, and the needs of women and children. This study was studied using descriptive qualitative research methods in its preparation in producing conclusions.

Optimalisasi Dengan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) dan Reliability Centered Spares (RCS)

Disasters are a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives and livelihoods caused by both natural and non-natural and human factors, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses and psychological impacts. From the losses caused, alertness is needed in order to reduce the side effects that will occur. The social service is one of the government institutions that has an important role in being involved in the distribution of social assistance needed by disaster-affected communities. This role is also a form of alertness carried out by the Social Service in the implementation of disaster response. South Sulawesi Province is one of the large provinces with a high level of fire potential. This study examines the role and efforts of the social services of the South Sulawesi province in disaster response to overcome problems that occur in disaster-affected communities, for example by providing logistical assistance in the form of fulfilling needs that are lacking such as fast food, temporary tents, and the needs of women and children. This study was studied using descriptive qualitative research methods in its preparation in producing conclusions.

Peran Serta Dinas Sosial Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dalam Bantuan Kebencanaan

Disasters are a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives and livelihoods caused by both natural and non-natural and human factors, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses and psychological impacts. From the losses caused, alertness is needed in order to reduce the side effects that will occur. The social service is one of the government institutions that has an important role in being involved in the distribution of social assistance needed by disaster-affected communities. This role is also a form of alertness carried out by the Social Service in the implementation of disaster response. South Sulawesi Province is one of the large provinces with a high level of fire potential. This study examines the role and efforts of the social services of the South Sulawesi province in disaster response to overcome problems that occur in disaster-affected communities, for example by providing logistical assistance in the form of fulfilling needs that are lacking such as fast food, temporary tents, and the needs of women and children. This study was studied using descriptive qualitative research methods in its preparation in producing conclusions.

Peran Serta Dinas Sosial Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dalam Bantuan Kebencanaan

Disasters are a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives and livelihoods caused by both natural and non-natural and human factors, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses and psychological impacts. From the losses caused, alertness is needed in order to reduce the side effects that will occur. The social service is one of the government institutions that has an important role in being involved in the distribution of social assistance needed by disaster-affected communities. This role is also a form of alertness carried out by the Social Service in the implementation of disaster response. South Sulawesi Province is one of the large provinces with a high level of fire potential. This study examines the role and efforts of the social services of the South Sulawesi province in disaster response to overcome problems that occur in disaster-affected communities, for example by providing logistical assistance in the form of fulfilling needs that are lacking such as fast food, temporary tents, and the needs of women and children. This study was studied using descriptive qualitative research methods in its preparation in producing conclusions.

Comparison of COVID-19 mitigation and decompression strategies among homeless shelters: a prospective cohort study

PurposeTo compare the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation strategies in two homeless shelters in Massachusetts during the pandemic. MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study that followed guests in two Massachusetts homeless shelters between March 30 and May 13, 2020, which adopted different depopulation strategies. One set up temporary tents in its parking lot, while the other decompressed its guests to a gym and a hotel. The outcome was assessed by comparing the odds ratios of positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays. ResultsGuests residing at the shelter that used temporary tents had 6.21 times (95% CI = 1.86, 20.77) higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at follow-up after adjusting for loss to follow up, age, gender, and race. The daily COVID-19 symptoms checklist performed poorly in detecting positive infection. ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of depopulating shelter guests with stable and adequate indoor space to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Daily temperature and symptom checks should be combined with routine testing. With the rising homelessness due to mass unemployment and eviction crisis, our study supports further governmental assistance in decompressing homeless shelters during this pandemic.

Ethnic residential segregation among seasonal migrant workers: from temporary tents to new rural ghettos in southern Turkey

ABSTRACT This paper analyses three underlying reasons for the unprecedented socio-spatial changes that have resulted in the emergence of rural ghettos in southern Turkey. First, neoliberal agricultural transformation has led to changes in crop composition, which have caused a need for cheap labour over longer periods of time. Second, the extreme poverty levels of Kurdish seasonal labourers compels them not to return to their homes and stay in tent settlements around farms. Third, the high level of poverty and vulnerability of Syrian refugees compels them to accept the lowest-paying jobs and the most rudimentary types of accommodation, such as tent settlements. I therefore argue that the co-existence of agrarian transformation and contemporary migration flows resulted in a socio-spatial change in Turkey’s rural areas.

Burial of oscillating rural-urban and oscillating rural-diasporic indigenous Zimbabweans at dilapidated rural homes (matongo): a case study of the genesis of tent huts and kinship funeral expense fund groups in Buhera District, Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT I argue that an increase in the number of oscillating rural-urban (ORU) and oscillating rural-diasporic (ORD) indigenous Zimbabweans’ interments at dilapidated homes has resulted in the genesis and upsurge in temporary tent huts in which African Indigenous Religion (AIR) burial and funeral rituals are performed. Research findings conclude that there is an increasing number of ORU and ORD indigenous Zimbabweans who respectively after their deaths in urban centres and in the diaspora have AIR burial rites performed in tent huts at their deceased parents’ ruined homes in the rural areas. Research findings also reveal that traditional burial societies died in Zimbabwe due to economic hardships and that necessitated the formation of Kinship Funeral Expenses Fund Groups (KFEFG) in urban centres by the ORU Zimbabweans and Funeral Insurance Policies (FIP) by Zimbabwean diasporians which replaced burial societies. The conclusion is that despite an increasing number of Zimbabweans living, educated and owning houses in urban centres in Zimbabwe and in foreign countries, they still regard their decrepit rural abodes as their spiritual home and a place for their burials when they die.

Estimating municipal solid waste generation from service processions during the Ashura religious event

Multiple religious events attended by millions of pilgrims take place across the world every year. Large quantities of municipal solid waste are therefore produced which pose serious threats to the management systems of the host cities and negatively affect their attractiveness. Accurate and reliable information about municipal solid waste generation during such events is thus valuable in terms of management planning and resource recovery applications. The current investigation thus aims to estimate waste generation from the service processions, which are temporary tents set up by Iraqis to provide accommodation and services to pilgrims, during such events. To achieve this goal, a pilot questionnaire survey and an on-site municipal solid waste audit were conducted over 20 processions during Ashura, which is one of the largest religious events in the city, being attended by up to 3.5 million pilgrims. The outcomes of this investigation indicated that municipal solid waste generation from processions broadly varied from 22 to 944 kg per day, with an average of 284 kg per day. This variation can be attributed to the number of meals provided by each procession and similar expenditures. These results can thus be taken as a starting point for introducing a proper management system to be used in Kerbala during religious events.

The relationship of severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with sleep quality in earthquake survivors in Kermanshah

:Background:Earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. A 7.3" Richter earthquake happened at 5km from the town of Ezgeleh in Kermanshah province in 2017, which caused several physical and mental injuries. The present study was conducted to investigate the sleep quality and mental health difficulties of those affected by earthquake and predict sleep quality according to severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the township of Sarpol-e Zahab, which suffered the most damage.Methods:A total of 999 earthquake survivors living in temporary tents and camps were assessed in terms of sleep quality and pattern using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and severity of psychological symptoms using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale 10 days after the disaster.Results:According to the results, poor sleep quality was experienced by 20.61% of survivors, severe stress by 60.5%, and severe depression by 41.5%, and moderate anxiety by 74%. The subjective quality, efficiency, daily dysfunction, use of hypnotics, and total sleep quality had a positive and significant relation with severity of experienced depression, anxiety, and stress. Sleep latency had a positive and significant relation only with stress, and sleep disturbance with depression and stress. Conclusions:Severity of depression, anxiety, and stress can predict changes in total sleep quality of those affected by earthquake. Stress can be considered as the sole predictor of total sleep quality and the only factor that can explain components of sleep quality. The implications of the present study are debatable.

Religion and mental health among Nepal earthquake survivors in temporary tent villages

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between mental health and the perceived importance of religion and the frequency of prayer among 200 children ages 10–18 years who lived in temporary camps for earthquake survivors in Nepal. The participants were examined using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 6–18 and were asked about the importance of religion in their lives. In contrast to expectation that high perceived importance of religion and prayer frequency have positive impacts on mental health after earthquakes, the results indicated significantly higher levels of withdrawal/depression. The group that prayed less frequently after the earthquakes had significantly higher scores for somatic symptoms, withdrawal/depression, anxiety/depression, social immaturity, internalising problems, and total CBCL scores. However, the clinical risk group (T score of 65 or higher in the CBCL total score), no significant difference according to the importance of religion showed and frequency of daily prayer.

Status of the RFQ linac installation and conditioning of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) linac and 1.6 MW RF power system of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) facility in the International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC) in Rokkasho (Japan) has been installed and conditioned. During the assembly and tuning process, the RFQ cavity was protected with a temporary tent from the potential deterioration of performance caused by dust. The vacuum in the cavity was improved through the 100 °C baking process of the cavity. The high power test of the 175 MHz RF systems up to 200 kW in CW for each of the eight RF chains was performed for checking its stable output reproducibility in Japan, before connecting 9–3/16 inch coaxial transmission lines from the RF chains to the RF input couplers of the cavity. It was confirmed that the eight RF chains provided the balanced RF power to the single RFQ cavity in-phase using a feedback loop and a synchronization system. The peak power in the cavity achieved 150 kW in the pulsed mode, which corresponds approximately to the required electric field to accelerate proton beam. Such RF conditioning process is ongoing to achieve 600 kW approximately required for deuteron beam commissioning planned in 2018.

The Effect of Parent Group Sandplay Therapy on the Nepal Earthquake Survivors: Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Parenting Stress and Psychological Well-Being of Parents as well as Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children*

People who have experienced property damage and loss from the Nepal earthquake in 2015 are living in a temporary tent area. These earthquake survivors experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress and exhibit altered thoughts and behaviors. This study was conducted on parents who reside in the tent city at Chuchepati and who have children aged from 7 to 17. For the group sandplay therapy program, the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms, and the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms were administered. There were 24 individuals who agreed to participate in this study and whose child received 19 or more points from child post-traumatic symptom reports, along with 16 or more points from parent post-traumatic symptom reports, and 33 points from the IES-R. The results of this study indicate that parent group sandplay therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and parenting stress, and also in enhancing the psychological well-being of parents.

Conversion of a Temporary Tent with Steel Frame into a Permanent Warehouse

The paper is dealing with the problem of a functional conversion (involving both architectural and structural issues) applied to the case of an industrial building. As well known, temporary tents, designed according to the European Code EN13782, represent a remarkable stake on the building market and a fast and practical solution for some situations. It is exactly the case approached by the paper, where the investor has initially decided to erect on his platform a provisional shelter for agricultural machines and subsequent staff, built of a light steel structure covered by PVC roofing and cladding. This temporary tent has been acquired from a specialized supplier in form of a series product. After using the tent for a number of years, the investor has decided to convert the existing structure from architectural and structural point of view by switching to a permanent structure designed accordingly. Important changes were thus imposed both to the architectural part (technological flows, openings, facades) and especially to the structural part where this switch imposed a re-design to the codes of permanent structures (especially as far as climatic loadings are concerned). The required architectural change implied the building of a 70 cm high concrete plinth and replacing the PVC membrane temporary roofing and cladding by permanent 60 mm thick PUR sandwich panels. Together with a new system of openings this has led to renewed facades of the buildings. As for the structural change, the required conversion has imposed a thorough checking of the existing steel structure (very slender and typical to a tent) in view of transforming it into a permanent structure. The consolidation measures of the existing galvanized steel structure are described, together with the measures applied at infrastructure level in order to implement the required conversion.

Social movements in an era of post-democracy: how the Israeli J14 tent protests of 2011 challenged neoliberal hegemony through the production of place

Inspired by the Arab Spring, massive social movements have erupted since 2011 in many places around the world. Despite their differences, these movements have had at least two remarkable common features: all of them struggled for ‘real democracy’ and occupied prominent urban public spaces to erect temporary tent encampments. By focusing on the case study of the 2011 Israeli tent protests, this paper argues that the production of such places of resistance works as a crucial, albeit ambivalent, strategy to confront hegemonic power relations. On the basis of the literature on the spatialities of contentious politics, the article demonstrates that the establishment of more than 70 tent camps in public spaces all across Israel was of vital importance not only to challenging the post-democratic political system but also to overcoming an internal crisis of representation within the Israeli protest movement. However, the case of the Israeli J14 tent protests also underlines that while the production of place can be a powerful starting point for social movements, it is not a durable alternative to multi-scalar, networked forms of organisation, which are also able to confront state authorities in the long term.

Analysis of the Acoustic Conditions in a Tent Structures

Shape variability and material diversity belong to the modern trends in architecture and civil engineering. A significant progress can be seen in the usage of woven, non-woven and foil membranes, so called architextiles. Textile membranes find their applications as both interior and exterior structures offering interdisciplinary challenges for architects, artists, engineers, chemists, physicists, textile designers and material scientists. Lots of ongoing research is done in terms of their durability, thermal physics properties, tension from wind, weather and also in terms of the energy aspects. In the field of acoustics, most of the studies relate to the sound insulation and absorption properties influenced by the mass changes, structure perforation, tension in the membrane etc. In general, there is much less information on acoustic comfort available in comparison with the thermal comfort. Nevertheless, the physical properties of membranes allow for building of large-span tents, suitable for variety of cultural events and concerts, where the acoustic quality inside the hall and sound insulation properties of its exterior structure are one of the main building physics requirements. This article brings a literature overview on room acoustic problems in halls built out of woven and non-woven membranes, and shows an example of a measurement and analysis inside a temporary tent structure built for a cultural event.

Forbidden by Kimberley Griffiths Little (review)

Reviewed by: Forbidden by Kimberley Griffiths Little Kate Quealy-Gainer Little, Kimberley Griffiths Forbidden. Harper/HarperCollins, 2014 [400p] ISBN 978-0-06-219497-8 $17.99 Reviewed from galleys Ad Gr. 9–12 In the desert sands outside of Tadmur, Jayden and her tribe avoid the increasing reach of Hammurabi’s Babylonian empire by remaining nomads, traveling on camels and setting up temporary tent villages. Jayden is betrothed to Horeb, her tribe’s leader, although she’s horrified by his casual cruelty and rage. When her mother dies in childbirth, Jayden is certain her last chance of escaping Horeb dies with her, but then a mysterious and handsome stranger shows up, seeking refuge with her tribe. Despite Jayden’s attempts to resist Kadesh’s appeal, the two eventually give in to their attraction; unfortunately, their romantic encounter (mostly chaste, by modern standards) is witnessed by Horeb, the lovers are separated, and Jayden is forced to flee to a city she’s never known. An author’s note on historical accuracy is sorely needed, especially in regards to the customs of the various religions portrayed here, and Horeb’s villainy tips too often into caricature. Nonetheless, rich historical details are deftly woven into Jayden’s narration, and the dynamics of Jayden’s tribe are vividly drawn, making her powerlessness in the situation painfully clear. The romance between Kadesh and Jayden is sweet and tender, but through her journey to the city and in ultimate decision to reinvent her life, Jayden’s story becomes as much about finding herself as it is about finding love. Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois