Temporary Situation Research Articles

School-to-work transition in France: the role of education in escaping long-term NEET trajectories

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to analyse the school-to-work transition of young people in France, focusing specifically on those who are not in employment, education or training (so-called NEETs), in order to understand their risk of becoming and remaining NEET. Using longitudinal data from a representative national cohort of French young people leaving the educational system in 2010, this study shows how NEET status fits in more or less long-lasting ways in their career pathways. We indicate that 70% of young people experienced a NEET status at least once over the three-year period, if we retain a static and conventional definition of NEET. For most of them, NEET is a temporary situation that spans all educational attainment groups. However, a quarter of the cohort is still in a NEET status 3 years after leaving the education system. The lack of educational and social capital, as well as geographical economic conditions, are decisive factors in remaining in long-term NEET trajectories.

Sojourners in Macau: blurring binaries of home/away and work/leisure

ABSTRACT Since the theoretical lens of lifestyle mobilities was introduced, there has been a growing interest in the role of mobility in weakening rigid binaries such as home/away and work/leisure. This article draws on this theoretical perspective to explore how sojourners in Macau blur spatial and temporal binaries in their adaptation to their new and temporary situation. Individual thematic interviews with 17 sojourners were conducted, revealing their choice of lifestyle as regards home/away and work/leisure patterns. Theoretically, the study demonstrates how once distinct spheres of social life such as ‘home, ‘away’, ‘work’, and ‘leisure’ are now highly integrated. Sojourners keep a sense of being ‘at home’ through upholding their habitual routine; simultaneously, they feel ‘away from home’ by partly adopting a local lifestyle and exploiting the sightseeing and tourism opportunities. Yet long working hours can highly restrict leisure and in particular tourism activities. Empirically, this study documents different types of lifestyles among Macau sojourners ranging from selective mobilisation of the local resources into a lifestyle attuned to their new temporary circumstances to almost exclusive concentration on work and cultural indifference to the new environment and the opportunities it offers.

Peran Ulama dalam proses Rekonsiliasi Pasca Konflik di Aceh

In the context of Aceh, the word “Ulama" refers to an Islamic scholar who own boarding school (In Aceh language known as Dayah) or a leader of an Islamic boarding school (known as Teungku Dayah). Ulama become "the backbone" of any social problem and play strategic and influential roles in Acehnese society. However, The Ulama roles have changed in the post-conflict era in Aceh. The assumption that Ulama are unable running their authorities in Acehnese society especially in the post-conflict era. Ideally, their roles are needed in the reconciliation regarding the agents of reconciliation who have authority like the Ulama and are trustworthy by Acehnese society. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh. To investigate the problem, a descriptive qualitative method was used, where the method is to describe the nature of a temporary situation that occurs when the research is carried out in detail, and then the causes of the symptoms were examined. The data were literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this research showed that during an important period of Aceh's history, the Ulama constantly become guardians that provide a religious ethical foundation for each socio-political change in Aceh, and subsequently they also act as the successor to the religious style that developed in the society. Even the formation and development of the socio-political and cultural system occurred partly on the contribution of the Ulama. The position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh can be found in four ways. Firstly, knowledge transmission. Secondly, as a legal decision-maker which refers to Sharia law, especially related to the reconciliation process. Thirdly, as a mediator. Fourthly, cultural roles in the form of ritual or ceremonial guides that are carried out when the parties of the conflict have met an agreement to reconcile.

Empathy in psychiatry and psychotherapy

Empathy is the epicenter of the theoretical and clinical interest of many different scientific domains, constituting a common term in different fields as these of psychology, psychiatry, clinical psychopathology, neuroscience, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Studying the phenomenon of empathy requires distinguishing the empathy as a method of observation of psychological phenomena from the empathy as a component of the therapy of psychopathological phenomena. In this case, beyond the empathic understanding, the optimum responsiveness of the therapist is included. Empathy means sharing the psychological and emotional state of another as if you were able to sense one's private world. This emotional sharing is a temporary situation and concerns the quality but not the quantity of the emotional experience. The modern scientists of neurobiology and neurobehavior distinguish three types of empathy: the emotional, the cognitive and motivational which help the interpersonal relations occurring in complex groups of society where the transgenerational relationships between parents and offspring are essential for the survival of species. Jaspers introduces, already by the beginning of the 20th century in his monumental work ''General Psychopathology'', the notion of empathy as an interpretative and a diagnostic tool in psychiatry and psychopathology. Meanwhile psychoanalysis, mainly during its early course, was not impressed by this term. The answer to this seems to be that the term empathy is related to the intersubjectivity and the interpersonal relationship, fields that were not really attractive at this point of time for the psychoanalytical theory which during the period of the founder of the psychoanalysis was initially mainly focused on the "intrapsychic" field. However, during the course of time and chiefly with the contribution of Kohut and Greenson, the importance of the concept of empathy is emphasized in the clinical psychoanalysis and efforts are made regarding the clarification of the nature and the psychological mechanisms that operate in this complex intuitive (feeling the other through the interpersonal communication) form of knowledge. The quality of the relationship between the therapist and the patient (therapeutic alliance) plays a fundamental role in the positive outcome in any form of psychotherapy. Empathic understanding plays an important role in the quality of the therapeutic relationship. In the field of general psychiatry, the focus of research for the role of empathy and the potential of its application, has been until today limited. The lack of a model for the application of empathy in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice is an important challenge for the training of the new psychiatrists.

On Survival and Education: An Academic’s Perspective on Disability

When illness and disability strike, it can seem as though one’s very being is threatened. We tend to consider illness a temporary situation, a phase, a phase that will be done with, sooner or later, and the victim of the attack will be rectified, and will survive it. But in chronic illness, there is a gap, a missing piece that cannot be found, despite all attempts. This is not necessarily a loss, as to claim that there is a loss falls into dangerous territory of positing a once complete or whole body and/or self. The losses are not due to a changing body, but rather discriminatory disablement by society’s understandings of disability. When bodies begin to falter, painful experiences of embodiment and how we experience the world begin to emerge. But to survive is to live through, live with, or live without something. To survive is to also be resilient to any losses. To be a survivor is to have been on the threshold of non-surviving, to have considered giving up, letting go – to allow for a break, a rupture from resilience.

Toward a Theology of Church Division

Visible divisions between Christians undercut any theological claim of the church’s unity. Ecclesiology often neglects this disunity as a subject for theological reflection, instead defaulting to either a triumphalist account of a single ecclesial body or a spiritualized, ‘invisible’ unity. Both approaches ultimately avoid, and thus perpetuate, the problem. As a corrective to these trends, this paper considers two theologians who have taken the problem seriously: Carl Braaten and Ephraim Radner. Braaten interprets the Reformation as a renewal movement within the one church, and thus sees denominationalism as a temporary situation which must be directed toward renewal and reunion. Radner argues that the present divisions undermine the legitimacy of all churches, and seeks an ecclesiology that moves beyond any justification of these divisions. By putting Braaten and Radner in conversation, this essay puts forward six insights drawn from both that contribute to deepening theological reflection on church division.

Heavy metals risk assessment in water and bottom sediments of ICOLLs in Northern Poland

<p>Natural diversity of intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) depends on mutual interactions of several factors: (i) an impact of sea water and land background; (ii) temporary meteorological situation; (iii) hydrological conditions; and (iv) the shape of lake basin. However, some regional, local or even sudden impacts including anthropogenic ones create their final ecological status. To identify heavy metals risk assessment in ICOLLs located in Polish coastline wide range of them were determined in water and bottom sediment samples collected in 10 water reservoirs. Multidimensional data set of 20 variables was explored by the use of chemometrics according to seasonality (Spring, Summer, Autumn), sample type (water, sediment) and level of isolation (fully isolated, partially and fully connected lakes). The results showed that 70.5% and 77% of the data variance can be explained by the use of principal component analysis for waters and sediments, respectively. Waters of fully isolated or partially connected lakes are more abundant with Ir, Nd and Sm, while less abundant with Pr and Sr. Bottom sediments taken from Jamno lake show significant contamination by heavy metals of the highest environmental concern (Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ti and Zn).</p>

Application of the ANP to the prioritization of project stakeholders in the context of responsible research and innovation

This paper presents a methodology to assess the stakeholders’ influence in a research project within the context of responsible research and innovation. The methodology is based on a combination of the multicriteria decision making technique analytic network process and the key areas of responsible research. The method allows ranking and ordering the project’s stakeholders based on their influence upon its responsibility. The purpose of such an assessment is to help research teams to more efficiently devote their limited resources to stakeholder management. The procedure is applied to a case study of the Information and Communication Technology business sector. It is an ongoing project at an early phase of development. Influential stakeholders have been identified first, and have been further classified into groups based on their relative importance. The assessment of their influence has been based on up to 16 different criteria, mainly belonging to the framework of responsible research and innovation. In the case study, the most influential criterion was the Capability to promote public engagement, while Developers were found to be the stakeholders most contributing to the research project responsibility. However, as explained, this is a temporary situation, valid for the current project development situation. It may vary over time as criteria vary in weight and stakeholders vary in influence.

Wearable cardioverter defibrillators for patients with long QT syndrome

BackgroundLong QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal cardiac channelopathy, but with the appropriate treatment strategy, such as beta-blockers, left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD), and/or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), most LQTS-triggered tragedies can be avoided. Since 2001, wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD:LifeVest™) have been available clinically. ObjectiveHerein, we evaluated the use and outcome of WCDs in patients with LQTS. MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 1027 patients with LQTS to identify patients who received a WCD, and collected pertinent clinical information regarding their LQTS diagnosis as well as indication and experience regarding use of the WCD. ResultsOverall, 10 LQTS patients (1%, 8 females, age at diagnosis 29 ± 18 years, mean QTc 488 ± 34 ms) were prescribed a WCD. Most common indication for WCD was as bridge to treatment during (temporary) situation of assessed high risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA; n = 6). The mean time of WCD use was 24 days (range 0 to 114 days). One patient (female, age 42, LQT2) received an appropriate VF-terminating shock 2 days after receiving her WCD. No inappropriate treatments or adverse events from wearing the WCD have occurred. ConclusionsA WCD can be considered in patients with LQTS deemed to be at high risk for SCA while up-titrating beta blockers, considering ICD therapy, or when navigating short term periods of increased SCA-risk, like the post-partum period in LQT2 women, ICD revision or temporary inactivation, or during short term administration of known QT prolonging medications.

Toward proactive social inclusion powered by machine learning

The fight against social exclusion is at the heart of the Europe 2020 strategy: 120 million people are at risk of suffering this condition in the EU. Risk prediction models are widely used in insurance companies and health services. However, the use of these models to allow an early detection of social exclusion by social workers is not a common practice. This paper describes a data analysis of over 16 K cases with over 60 predictors from the Spanish region of Castilla y León. The use of machine learning paradigms such as logistic regression and random forest makes possible a high precision in predicting chronic social exclusion: around 90% in the most conservative predictions. This prediction models offer a quick rule of thumb that can detect citizens who are in danger of been excluded from the society beyond a temporary situation, allowing social workers to further study these cases.

경영자 보상에 영향을 미치는 재무비율에 관한 연구 : 상장된 음식료업종 기업을 대상으로

This study aimed to present the indicators necessary for CEO compensation by analyzing CEO compensation and corporate financial ratio indicators of 51 F&B companies(total 61 companies) listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ from 2010 to 2016. First, the analysis of key indicators showed that negative (-) figures were recorded in some companies, but the average recorded positive (+) values. Despite sluggish performance due to the temporary situation of the company, the overall performance of the food and beverage industry showed good results. Second, in the correlation analysis, seven items (three financial statements and four profit / loss statements) were relevant, and it was found that the company operated by using debt rather than assets. In other words, it is more important for the CEO compensation to achieve short-term profit rather than setting and operating direction the company in the long term. Thirdly, regression analysis showed that there are six indicators and it is analyzed that it increases profitability by expanding liquidity to company fund as well as correlation analysis. In other words, they intend to expand the company

Wireless sensor network in landslide monitoring system with remote data management

This paper describes a system that uses a wireless sensor network (WSN) to monitor landslide disasters in remote areas. The system consists of 3 subsystems called the Local Sensing Node Network System (LSNNS), the Cloud System (CS), and the Host System (HS). To monitor the field status and condition of the nodes remotely, we set up an appropriate management scheme in which the HS collects various data types in categories: node status, node data, LSNNS status, and LSNNS data. Equivalent lists are available to manage the HS and CS. Each data type contributes to 1 or 2 key analyses in determining a temporary situation. Experiments are conducted to investigate some featured data for landslide monitoring application, including node posture, dynamic change of topology, landslide occurrence recognition, and node location change. Where WSN is a candidate for monitoring natural disasters, this remote management scheme provides the surveillance process with extra information and helps the operator to comprehend the situation and maneuver with less effort.

Expectativas de refugiados na tragédia das fronteiras, a percepção da trajetória e a surdez de direitos

The authors argue that a refugee camp is an exceptional space to put order in the tension, in the spatial and temporal dimensions. There are always multiple borders in refugee camps, whether between countries, cultures and languages, it is the crossing of goods and people. Paradoxically it is a temporary situation and a residence at the same time. From the methodological point of view, the field notebook and the interviews made it possible to learn about the test subjects living conditions, as they are actors within the constraints of their story. The article proposes to expose the voice of the refugees, their vision and the telling of the bumps in the path to Europe. The experience in the camps allows for an analysis of territory through the dissolution of previous social life and the expectation of new beginnings. What shapes the horizon of refugees is reaching fertile soil. Sociability is modeled on insecurity, denial, and depoliticizing humanitarian aid. In summary, a paradoxical space where nothing is taken for granted and everything is disputed. Keywords: refugees, Europe, border, anthropology.

Pre-emptive Intestinal Transplant: The Surgeon's Point of View.

Pre-emptive transplantation is a well-established practice for certain types of end-organ failure such as in the use of kidney transplantation. For irreversible intestinal failure, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) remains the gold standard, due to the suboptimal long-term results of intestinal transplantation. As such, the only role for pre-emptive transplantation, if at all, will be for patients identified to be at high risk of complications and mortality while on definitive long-term TPN. In these patients, the timing of early listing and transplantation could become life-saving, taking into account that mortality on the waiting list is still the highest for intestinal candidates. The development of simulation models or pre-transplant scoring systems could help in selecting patients based on potential outcome on TPN or with transplantation, and recent reports from high-volume centers identify few underlying pathologic conditions and some TPN complications as at higher risk of increased morbidity and mortality. A pre-emptive transplant could be used as a rehabilitative procedure in a well-selected case-by-case scenario, among TPN patients at risk of liver failure, repeated central line infections, mesenteric infarction, short bowel syndrome (SBS) <50cm or with end stoma, congenital mucosal disease, desmoid tumors: These conditions must be carefully evaluated, not to underestimate the clinical stage nor to over-estimate the impact of a temporary situation. At the present time, diseases with a variable and unpredictable course, such as intestinal dysmotility disorders, or quality of life and financial issues are still far from being considered as indications for a pre-emptive transplant.

Physical Quality of Life Benchmark for Unsafe Slums in Egypt

&lt;em&gt;Enhancing the quality of life in urban settle ments is one of the most significant challenges facing &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;governments. In the case of unsafe-slums, the challenge is even more problematical, as slum dwellers &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;not only suffer from substandard housing, devoid of basic necessities and unhealthy urban conditions, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;but they are exposed to danger. This paper focuses on extracting the most significant physical &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;QoLindices in unsafe-slums in Egypt, taking into account the limited designated investments and the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;temporary situation of suchslums. Interviews with central governments (ISDF, GOPP), local &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;authorities (Cairo and Gizagovernates), and urban planning experts were conducted, in addition to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;secondary data collected from reports andresearches. The study reveals that the first priority to uplift &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the QoL, is to reserve the household health by providing adequate and low-cost water supply, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;sanitation and solid waste management. While enhancing services, housing condition and increasing &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;economic activities is not prompt, as it probably will result in rooting the community to unsafe &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;neighborhoods. Finally, the study proposed a paradigm that differentiates between the QoLbench mark &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;for unsafe slums subjected to relocation strategies and other types of slums to be upgraded and &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;developed.&lt;/em&gt;

Distinct and yet not Separate: Revisiting the Welfare Models in the EU New Member States

Objective : The objective of this paper is to evaluate the welfare state models in the EU countries and to start the discussion if the new member states (NMS), i.e. those EU member states that joined the EU in 2004/2007, fit the Sapir typology (Nordic model, Continental model, Anglo-Saxon model, Mediterranean model). The second objective is to examine the labour market situation, reduction of poverty and social inequalities in the EU countries. The third one is to open the issue if the public spending can be managed both justly and effectively. Research Design & Methods : The linear regression function and correlation has been used to present effectiveness of social expenditures to reduce poverty, as well as evidence that public spending can be managed both justly and effectively. Findings: This paper demonstrates more similarities can be drawn across the NMS and the EU-15 than within the NMS and EU-15, respectively. The typology of welfare state models is applied to the NMS and their effectiveness is tested. Accordingly, we classify the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Cyprus as countries of the Nordic model; Hungary, Slovakia and Malta as the Continental model; Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia as the Anglo-Saxon model and, finally, Poland, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria as the Mediterranean model. Implications & Recommendations: Recent data suggest that the global crisis has caused an increase in the level of poverty and social spending in the EU countries. However, this is just a temporary situation and it does reflect the solutions of models. Contribution & Value Added: The NMS tend to be examined as a separate group of countries that – as the literature suggests – depict different qualities of the welfare models than those pursued in the EU-15.

Temporary Life Changes and the Timing of Divorce.

Marriage is a risky undertaking that people enter with incomplete information about their partner and their future life circumstances. A large literature has shown how new information gained from unforeseen but long-lasting or permanent changes in life circumstances may trigger a divorce. We extend this literature by considering how information gained from a temporary change in life circumstances—in our case, a couple having a child with infantile colic—may affect divorce behavior. Although persistent life changes are known to induce divorce, we argue that a temporary stressful situation allows couples more quickly to discern the quality of their relationship, in some cases leading them to divorce sooner than they otherwise would have. We formalize this argument in a model of Bayesian updating and test it using data from Denmark. We find that the incidence of infantile colic shortens the time to divorce or disruption among couples who would have split up anyway.

(The Effectiveness of Liquidity Provision During Debt Crises: Evidence from Korean Firm-Level Data)

Korean Abstract: 특정 기업의 채무위기가 해당 기업의 펀더멘탈 악화로 인하여 비롯된 것이라면 해당 기업의 펀더멘탈의 개선을 통해서만 위기를 해소할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 위기가 펀더멘탈 악화가 아니라 외부충격에 따른 일시적인 유동성 부족에서 비롯된 것이라면 외부로부터 유동성을 공급하는 조치가 효과적이라는 점을 기존 이론을 통해 살펴 보았다. 아울러 이러한 이론분석에 기반하여 과거 1997년 외환위기 이후 대우그룹 해체와 IT버블 붕괴 등으로 신용위험 급등으로 초래된 유동성 위기 상황에 대응해 정부가 시행한 회사채신속인수제도가 해당 수혜기업의 향후 경영성과에 미친 효과에 관하여 실증분석을 시도하였다. 이를 통하여 당시 신용경색이 펀더멘털의 근본적인 취약성이 아니라 외부충격에 따른 일시적인 유동성 부족에서 비롯되었을 가능성이 높다는 점을 입증하였다. 아울러 도구변수를 통해 선택편이를 제거할 경우 동 제도에 따른 경영성과의 개선효과는 크지 않으나 도덕적 해이, 낙인효과 등에 따른 부정적 효과도 크지 않다는 사실을 도출하였다. English Abstract: A crisis facing a firm, which is triggered by deterioration of the firm’s fundamentals can be addressed only by improving its fundamentals. On the contrary, the crisis which is driven by a temporary illiquidity stemming from external shocks can be more effectively resolved by liquidity provision. This paper analyzes Korea’s debt-crisis episodes after the 1997 Asian financial crisis to understand the government’s role of liquidity provision during the crisis period. Specifically, based on theoretical and empirical analyses with regard to the Korean government’s liquidity provision policy in early 2000s, we find that there have been cases where a firm which had a sufficient long-run ability to fulfill its obligation has fallen into a temporary illiquid situation. Moreover, there have been cases where the magnitude of a crisis was greater than the degree that could be explained by deteriorating fundamentals. We thus argue that it is necessary to provide liquidity backstop to firms as an emergency measure in a crisis.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION POSSIBILITIES BETWEEN PARTICIPANTS OF THE TEMPORARY CHILD GUARDIANSHIP SITUATION: THE RELATION OF VARIABLES

Based on the quantitative research results, the article deals with communication peculiarities of the participants of the temporary child guardianship situation – children and their biological parents whose parental rights are temporarily limited – at the temporary foster care institution in the aspect of specialists working there. Using descriptive mathematical statistics and statistical analysis methods, specialists’ opinion about the causes of disagreements between specialists and learners, the causes of disagreements between parents and specialists, and communication development possibilities of the participants of the temporary child guardianship situation were analysed.

El Castillo: territorio, sociedad y subjetividades de la espera

palabras clave | pobreza, politica habitacional, fragmentacion urbana. abstract | During 2013, a qualitative research was conducted in the region of El Cas- tillo, district of La Pintana, Santiago, Chile. This study was conceptually framed by the notions of and territories. The district of La Pintana was created in 1981 within the framework of urban reforms of the military dictatorship, in order to relo- cate displaced groups. Waiting is understood as a temporary situation that occurs when the displaced population is settled in a territory lacking in resources, without improvement over time, and where the socio-economic status of those living in it does not improve either. It follows as a conclusion that El Castillo is a waiting territory and a waiting society. This condition defines the place, the social identity and the spatial practices of its inhabitants. The form and content of waiting changes depending on the generation: for the youth, wai - ting is accompanied by hope and for adults and old people, is a rather resigned or nostalgic conception.