Temporary Movement Research Articles

ConDiff-rPPG: Robust Remote Physiological Measurement to Heterogeneous Occlusions.

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a contactless technique that facilitates the measurement of physiological signals and cardiac activities through facial video recordings. This approach holds tremendous potential for various applications. However, existing rPPG methods often did not account for different types of occlusions that commonly occur in real-world scenarios, such as temporary movement or actions of humans in videos or dust on camera. The failure to address these occlusions can compromise the accuracy of rPPG algorithms. To address this issue, we proposed a novel Condiff-rPPG to improve the robustness of rPPG measurement facing various occlusions. First, we compressed the damaged face video into a spatio-temporal representation with several types of masks. Second, the diffusion model was designed to recover the missing information with observed values as a condition. Moreover, a novel low-rank decomposition regularization was proposed to eliminate background noise and maximize informative features. ConDiff-rPPG ensured optimization goal consistency during the training process. Through extensive experiments, including intra- and cross-dataset evaluations, as well as ablation tests, we demonstrated the robustness and generalization ability of our proposed model.

Demographic and Sociocultural Characteristics of the Ukrainian Diaspora

The article explores the concepts of diaspora and migration, demonstrating their close interrelation as they describe the movement of people from their traditional places of residence. It is noted that migration involves the permanent or temporary movement of people from one location to another for various reasons, such as wars, economic opportunities, or personal circumstances. The term "diaspora" refers to groups of people living outside their native territory, often preserving their culture, language, and traditions. Migration can lead to the formation of diasporas that impact the cultural and social landscape both in host countries and countries of origin. The Russia-Ukraine war since 2022 has significantly increased the number of Ukrainian migrants and has given rise to a new Ukrainian diaspora. The Ukrainian diaspora is characterized as a powerful social segment with deep cultural, humanitarian, and organizational roots, spread across the globe. Its activities encompass numerous organizations, cultural centers, educational institutions, and non-governmental associations that support the national identity and cultural heritage of Ukrainians. Key coordinating bodies, such as the Ukrainian Canadian Congress, the World Congress of Ukrainians, and the Union of Ukrainian Organizations of Australia, play a crucial role in organizing cultural events, maintaining connections among Ukrainians in various countries, and coordinating humanitarian initiatives. The diaspora is actively involved in cultural and educational activities, organizing schools, cultural centers, and language courses, as well as providing significant humanitarian aid, especially in times of conflict. Social activities of the diaspora include participation in international issues and supporting national ties in new regions such as Montenegro, Japan, Morocco, UAE, and South Africa. As of early 2024, approximately 4.4 million Ukrainian refugees have temporary protection status in the EU, with an additional 380,000 in the UK, Norway, and Switzerland. Globally, there are about 6.5 million refugees, with the European Commission extending temporary protection until March 2025. However, refugee reception conditions in Europe are becoming stricter, driving many towards economic independence. Active volunteer organizations, established before the war, play a key role in supporting newly arrived refugees and assisting their integration into new countries.

Investigating the Potential of Hyper-Temporal Terrestrial Laser Point Clouds for Monitoring Deciduous Tree Growth

Abstract. Monitoring tree growth processes is relevant for ecological research and understanding the intricate relationship between vegetation and the environment. Time series analyses have revealed a correlation between leaf emergence timing and climate change, with earlier leaf emergence attributed to global warming. While traditional forest inventory methods struggle to quantify growth processes on small scales, terrestrial laser scanning provides a powerful alternative for providing high-resolution 3D information. This study explores the use of high-frequency hyper-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data to quantitatively describe deciduous tree growth, tested on a pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). The research aims to address key questions about detecting leaf growth in hypertemporal terrestrial laser scanning data. Additionally, it explores how 3D tree parameters and point cloud comparisons capture leaf and tree growth throughout the year. Results from M3C2 point cloud analyses indicate that the temporary branch movements correlate with precipitation. Over the year, branch movements were detected to increase with growing distance from the trunk.

On the Move? Mode 4 and the Temporary Movement of Natural Persons in Preferential Trade Agreements

On the Move? Mode 4 and the Temporary Movement of Natural Persons in Preferential Trade Agreements

Individual preferences, jobs, or amenities? Understanding the destination choices of highly and less-skilled migrants in urban China

Existing research has explored the spatial patterns and determinants of labor migration but has not considered the heterogeneity of migrants. This paper compares the migratory behavior of highly and less-skilled migrants to provide a more nuanced understanding of internal migration in urban China. We employ a nested multinomial logit approach to assess the relative contribution of individual characteristics and city attributes in explaining migrants' destination choices. The findings reveal both similarities and differences in highly and less-skilled migration. Migrants share primary priorities: spatial proximity to hometowns, moving to cities situated higher in the administrative hierarchy, occupations, and wages. But more importantly, migrants of varying skill levels have different strategies as they navigate increasing economic opportunities and public services while simultaneously encountering a discriminatory hukou system. Highly skilled migrants are more mobile and prioritize their personal preferences; less-skilled migrants, although more restricted by gender, age, and hukou types and inclined for stability, tend to maximize their utility through temporary movement to large cities. Hence, policymakers of different cities should recognize people's heterogeneous migration behavior and design targeted policies.

Emigration From Post-Communist Central Europe After 1989 Interpreted Within the Aspirations/Capabilities Framework

In the period of post-communist transition, Central Europe witnessed complex and multifaceted mobility processes; permanent outmigration, of an ethnic or labour-related nature, coexisted with temporary, seasonal, or cross-border movements and an increasing influx of foreigners. To study these complex processes, we have chosen to apply a holistic and comprehensive approach, rather than limit conceptual considerations to one theory of migration determinants. We focus on eleven post-communist countries that joined the European Union (EU-11) and on the period extending from around 1989, covering the EU’s eastward enlargement, to the present. The aim of this study is twofold: first, we propose a general conceptual framework, based on the aspirations/capabilities approach, to present the main determinants of emigration from this part of the European continent. Second, in relation to each determinant, we formulate research questions postulated by selected theories of international migration and present the evidence, based on existing empirical studies, that addresses these questions. The paper contributes to the literature by providing a broad interpretation of post-transition mobility and pointing to commonly overlooked explanatory factors. We highlight the importance of economic factors that have enhanced and directed the outward migration from the EU-11 to selected EU member states and selected economic sectors; in particular, as regards capabilities, these factors include the lifting of labour market restrictions, high demand in the secondary sector of labour markets, and the roles of migration networks and the migration industry. Emphasis is also placed on aspirational factors, such as labour market failures and the substantial aspirational gap resulting from improvements in high educational attainment in the countries of origin. The aspirations/capabilities approach serves well as a general framework of migration determinants, but its explanatory power is enhanced by reference to other, more specific theories of migration. We show that a combination of the complementary approaches provides a more refined and in-depth picture of migration from the region.
 * This article belongs to a special issue on “Demographic Developments in Eastern and Western Europe Before and After the Transformation of Socialist Countries”.

KEPUTUSAN INDIVIDU MELAKUKAN MOBILITAS NON-PERMANEN KE KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

This study explores individual decisions in carrying out natural non-permanent mobility activities to the city of Bandar Lampung. Non-permanent migration increased by 300 percent during 2016-2018. The data used in this research is the 2018 Sakernas micro data for August. Data analysis using the Binary Logistic Regression. The findings show that the variation in the independent variable is able to explain the variation in the dependent variable by 52 percent.. All independent variables (age, wages, education, and distance) are statistically significant in influencing individual decisions to undertake non-permanent migration, except for the variable marital status. The highest odds ratio value for the distance variable, then the education variable. This means that the closer the distance to Bandar Lampung and the better the individual's education, the higher the probability of non-permanent migration to the city of Bandar Lampung. Variable selection is limited due to adjusting the supply of Sakernas micro data files. In the future, it is very important for the government to understand this temporary mobility movement in order to control the short-term and long-term implications of achieving a more equitable distribution of wealth in Lampung Province. Equitable development between urban and rural areas needs to be realized immediately in reducing income inequality and development.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the fundamental urban mobility theories using transit data from Singapore

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in urban mobility patterns due to the temporary movement restrictive policies imposed by local governments and the long-term hybrid work arrangements adapted by companies. This study re-examines the fundamental theories of human mobility in Singapore at the pre-pandemic, pandemic and endemic stages. In particular, we estimated three well-established mobility models in complexity science: gravity model, radiation model and visitation law for investigating the effects of COVID-19 pandemic in different stages, using the transit Origin-Destination (O-D) data collected in Singapore. Overall, the results show that the three mobility theories remain valid throughout the different periods with visitation law outperforming the gravity and the radiation models. At the pre-pandemic stage, the performance of the gravity and radiation models were comparable. The performance of the gravity model has improved compared to its pre-pandemic performance, showing 6–18% improvement at the pandemic stage and 9–15% improvement at the post pandemic stage, whereas the performance of the radiation model hasn’t changed much, making gravity model a better-performing model than the radiation model for these periods. Our results also show that in the gravity and radiation models, gross floor area is a better predictor for transit flows than the population, whereas in the visitation law use of population variable results in better predictions. Our study is a first attempt in providing a revised understanding of the performance of the fundamental human mobility laws in the post-pandemic world.

『史記』 대중화의 현황과 전망-『史記』 관련 출판물을 중심으로

Only when humanities constantly communicate with modern readers and undergo new changes in accordance with reality can they maintain their vitality. There fore, the popularization of humanities is not just a temporary movement, but should be constantly explored to set the right direction. From this perspective, the author tries to review how the popularization of "ShiJi" is carried out, taking the publications from 2010 to 2021 as the research object, content and characteristics. Over the past 12 years, 177 publications have been published, including 75 original translations (43 percent), 55 (31 percent) for ordinary adults, 36 (20 percent) for children, and 11 (6 percent) for teenagers.From the point of view of popularization, these publications have a strong academic nature centered on the translation of the original. The emphasis on conveying the meaning of the original “ShiJi” is somewhat inadequate, taking into account both the variations and applications of reality.To solve this problem, publications need to improve the readability of Historical Records, differentiate the readership and consider its specific application.Considering the changes in reality and the preferences of the MZ generation, it is necessary to change the way of reading a single paper edition of “ShiJi”.

The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation, and Productivity

AbstractWe build a dynamic heterogeneous-firm model in which real depreciations raise export demand and the cost of importing intermediates, and also affect borrowing constraints and the profitability of engaging in research and development (R&D). A number of stylized facts on manufacturing firms for a large set of countries discipline our estimation: Firms in emerging East Asia are very export oriented and rely little on imported intermediates, whereas the opposite holds for Latin America and Eastern Europe; firms from industrialized countries export as much as they import. Exporters experience an increase in cash flow, R&D, and productivity growth in response to real exchange rate (RER) depreciations; importers experience the opposite outcomes. In counterfactual simulations of temporary RER movements, the effects on innovation and productivity growth are heterogeneous across regions, sizeable and persistent. In emerging Asia, real depreciations are associated with higher probabilities to engage in R&D, faster growth of average firm-level productivity and cash flow, and higher export entry rates; we find negative average effects on these outcomes for firms in other emerging economies, and no significant average effects for firms in industrialized economies.

The Evasion of Literary History

The Evasion of Literary History

A Geographical Analysis of Migration Pattern in Some Selected Parts of Katsina State

This study examined and analyzed migration pattern in some selected parts of Katsina State with a view of describing the types of people involved and their personal characteristics, investigating the pattern and trends of migration in the area and analyzed the major causes and factors responsible for migration in the area. Even though Katsina state is not one of the Nigerian states with high rural-urban dichotomy. However it is generally characterized by poor social amenities, both in quality and quantity, rural communities are disproportionately more disadvantaged than urban centers due to governmental neglect. Consequently, the number of rural inhabitants that migrate to cities with high hopes of overcoming powerlessness consistent with rural life is unprecedented. Questionnaire was administered to the respondent who were selected based on purposive sampling techniques, followed by focus group discussion. The result of this reveals that the categories of people involved are youth; it discovered that female only migrated as a result of marriage and visitation or other forms of temporary movement, thus most of the motives for the movements are economic in searched of greener pasture. It describes the nature and period of migration of the respondents is seasonal. The geographic pattern of migration in this area is rural-urban migration pattern and the trends are fluctuating toward rural direction with slight increase and decrease and it indicates higher inclination toward urban direction. There is need for government to expand employment opportunities in the rural areas by investing more money in small scale and medium scale labor intensive industries. Also, maximum effort must be geared towards the development of agricultural activities and the rural economy in general. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-11-01 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Should I buy or not? Revisiting the concept and measurement of panic buying.

Following various precautionary measures as executed by the government to curb the transmission of COVID-19, erratic changes in the form of temporary lockdowns and movement restrictions have created an emergency phenomenon—panic buying. While such consequence has emerged as a timely and relevant topic, reviewed literature indicate an apparent oversight for portraying panic buying through the perspectives of impulsive and compulsive consumptions. Given the gap in the association between panic buying and consumers’ emotional aspects within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aspires to develop a contemporary measurement that accurately defines panic buying as a research variable. A combined methodology was hereby adopted, with the employment of qualitative inquiries towards the scale development of panic buying. Following this, quantitative data as collected from a total sample of 600 respondents through an online survey was analysed via both SPSS and AMOS statistical software towards scale assessment and hypothesis testing. Obtained findings uncovered the direct significance of both personal (fear, perceived risk, and perceived scarcity) and social (word-of-mouth and social media) factors on panic buying during the pandemic, whilst having indirect significance on the ensuing post-purchase regret. Impulsivity was further confirmed to exert a substantial moderating impact on the correlation between panic consumption and post-purchase emotional distress. Implications of the study are ultimately discussed.

Early life migration and undernutrition among circular migrant children: An observational study in the brick kilns of Bihar, India.

BackgroundIndia holds the world's largest burden of chronic and acute child undernutrition. Poverty and systemic inequities are basic causes of undernutrition that also drive households to engage in circular migration for livelihood. Short-term, temporary movement of the whole family, including young children, is common; yet, the nutritional implications of recurrent movements beginning in early life has not been studied. We sought to estimate the association of repeat and early life migration with stunting and wasting outcomes among circular migrant children under three.MethodsUsing a stratified cluster design, we conducted two waves of primary data collection among 2564 randomly selected circular migrant children under three years of age temporarily residing across 1156 brick kilns in Bihar, India. We conducted multilevel modeling to estimate the association of the number of migration episodes and age at first migration with stunting (<-2 standard deviations (SD) height-for-age z scores (HAZ)) and wasting (<-2 SD weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ)) and examined the determinants of nutrition status among migrant children, including diet, illness, food security and the health environment.ResultsThe overall prevalence of stunting was 51.6%. Among children who were either born during migration or first migrated before six months of age, those who experienced multiple episodes of migration were more likely to be stunted compared to those who migrated once (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30-3.41). Children were over three times as likely to be wasted in the summer compared to the winter (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 2.68-4.01); in the summer, the overall prevalence of wasting was 38.8%. Public health access indicators such as interaction with frontline health workers at the destination was low (5.3%), whereas feeding indicators such as exclusive breastfeeding among 0-5 months was high (81.1%).ConclusionsPolicy efforts should ensure continuity of social protection and welfare entitlements between home and destinations for circular migrant families, with an explicit focus on rural-to-rural movement.

Performance evaluation of wastewater treatment plants under the sewage variations imposed by COVID-19 spread prevention actions.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread prevention actions (SPAs) have affected a large number of human activities globally in 2020-2021. Temporary lockdowns, stay-at-home policies, movement restrictions, and personal health care actions have relatively changed the daily life routine in urban areas which can eventually affect the characteristics of municipal wastewater (MW). This study evaluates the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during COVID-19 pandemic and related SPAs. This evaluation also considers MW variations in quality and quantity and compares the performance of WWTPs (2020) with earlier data (2015–2019). For this purpose, 23 WWTPs located in Isfahan province, Iran, were chosen as the study area and classified based on their locations, biological treatment unit, and capacities. Results indicate that the inflow of WWTPs increased 20 % on average during SPAs, while the concentrations of COD and BOD in MW decreased 23 and 16 %, respectively. Nevertheless, the performance of WWTPs remained rather constant. It is concluded that increasing the dilute domestic proportion of MW, particularly in smaller communities, as a matter of COVID-19 SPAs could not impose adverse impacts on wastewater treatment operations and pollution removal. Different types of secondary treatment units, such as activated sludge, stabilization pond, and aerated lagoon showed stable performances. However, disinfection was enhanced in WWTPs in order to reduce the probability of viral transmission via wastewater for reuse. This study also recommends that the characteristics of MW, and not treated wastewater, can be used as an indicator for coordinating SPAs in similar epidemics. This notification can be helpful for the management of WWTPs and risk control in urban areas.

Cohort study of use of the hands-and knees-position as the first approach to resolving shoulder dystocia and preventing neonatal birth trauma

BackgroundMcRoberts' maneuver, turning the woman's thighs up in the supine position, has become the dominant method for resolving shoulder dystocia (defined as failure to deliver the fetal shoulder(s) with gentle downward traction on the fetal head, requiring additional obstetric maneuvers to effect delivery). Another method that is less commonly used is the Gaskin maneuver, which was first described by the midwife Ina May Gaskin, who learned of it from traditional midwives in Central America, and involves turning women to the hands-and-knees position. One retrospective observational study reported an 84% higher resolution of shoulder dystocia and less injury to the baby with the use of the hands-and-knees position as the first approach to resolving shoulder dystocia. The hands-and-knees position was reported to result in a wider pelvic diameter than the supine position and hence facilitate rotation of the baby and delivery, so it is possibly to resolving shoulder dystocia. The purpose of this study is to explore whether applying the Gaskin maneuver as the first approach for resolving cases of shoulder dystocia is a safer and better method than applying the McRoberts' maneuver first. MethodsA time series cohort study was conducted in Laiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shandong, China over a seven -year period. Between January 2011 and July 2013 all women receiving traditional support at delivery were enrolled as a control group. During this time period, when shoulder dystocia was suspected, McRoberts’ maneuver (MR) was the most commonly employed first maneuver as described in the HELPERR mnemonics. Between October 2013 and December 2017, a change of practice was implemented for all vaginal births at the site, whereby midwives were instructed to use the Gaskin maneuver (i.e., moving the mother onto hands-and-knees position) as the first protocol if shoulder dystocia was suspected. Patients in this group were assigned to the experimental group. The neonatal outcomes including birth asphyxia and baby injury in both groups were recorded and analyzed. ResultsThe injuries in the control group included 14 clavicular fractures, and one permanent brachial plexus injury, three temporary arm movement disorders that resolved within 7 days and those cases were not calculated as baby injury cases (the same in experimental group). In the experimental group, 58 cases of shoulder dystocia were reported, with one case of clavicular fracture, three temporary arm movement disorders that resolved within 3 days, and no permanent brachial plexus injuries. The rate of baby injury in the control group [14.6% (15/103)] was higher than that in the experimental group [1.7% (1/58)], and this difference was statistically significant [ χ2 ​= ​6.834, P ​= ​0.009; OR ​= ​1.150 (1.055–1.254)]. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that using the McRoberts' maneuver as the first approach in cases of shoulder dystocia [OR ​= ​19.609 (1.620–273.430)], the mother's employment status [OR ​= ​1.909 (1.118–3.262)], and intravenous dripping of oxytocin [OR ​= ​5.969 (1.391–25.605)] are risk factors for baby injury. There was no difference in neonate Apgar score between the two groups, and no baby died in either group. ConclusionsResolving shoulder dystocia by turning to the Gaskin maneuver as the first approach reduces the incidence of baby injury. This method should be recommended in clinical practice for better neonate outcomes.

Circular Migration and Triple Benefits: The Case of Albanian Migrants to Italy

According to the 2008 IOM Report on Migration in the World, circular migration is "the fluid movement of people between countries, including temporary or long-term movements, which can be beneficial to all entities involved, if it happens voluntarily and if it is related to the labor market needs of the countries of origin and destination.” The already 30-year experience of emigration of Albanians to Italy has shaped new models of migration. The historical migration between the two countries, as well as the long migratory experience after the fall of the communist regime, has enabled the circulation of many individuals between the two countries.The purpose of this study is to explore through the experiences of migrants moving between Albania and Italy, their contribution to themselves, as well as for the host country and that of origin. This paper is based on a combination of data obtained from secondary sources, such as: studies and research by foreign and Albanian authors, reports and literature focused mainly on circular migrants, but not only, as well as primary data obtained from direct interviews and focus groups with 15 circular migrants. Based on the perceptions generated by the migrants themselves, who participated in this study, there seems to be a threefold benefit from this migration process, despite the fact that migrants' perceptions take on different nuances in relation to these benefits that sometimes lean more towards themselves, sometimes from the host country and sometimes from the country of origin. Throughout the interviews it was noted that migrants did not know policies in support of this category, either from the host country or from the country of origin, which can be considered as an important step to be taken in the framework of interstate cooperation, to increase the triple benefit from this type of migration. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

Extreme winter weather disrupts bird occurrence and abundance patterns at geographic scales

Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity as a result of modern climate change. During winter, species may be especially vulnerable to extreme weather as they are surviving on scarce resources and living at the edge of their thermal limits. We compiled data from eBird, a global citizen science initiative, to examine how 41 eastern North American birds shifted their occurrence and abundance patterns immediately following two recent extreme weather events each affecting &gt; 2 million km2, the intrusion of a polar vortex and a winter heat wave. eBird data is continuously collected at high spatiotemporal resolution across large spatial extents, allowing us to compare species' responses immediately before and after these extreme events with trends in other winters across geographic scales. Overall, we found that birds responded differently to each extreme weather event. Bird occurrence rates did not change following the polar vortex, but where species occurred, population density was temporarily reduced, suggesting reductions in number of individuals driven by decreases in behavioral activity or temporary movement out of the area. However, birds demonstrated widespread increases in occurrence and increases in density and number of individuals where they occurred for at least 20 days after the heat wave, hinting at longer‐term range changes. Smaller‐bodied, warm‐adapted passerines tended to be most sensitive to extreme weather and responded most negatively to the polar vortex and most positively to the heat wave, while larger‐bodied, cold‐adapted waterbirds expressed only mild responses to either event. Thus, certain species may be exceptionally sensitive to extreme weather events while others are less sensitive. As climate change progresses and climatic variability increases, researchers and managers must better quantify the broad‐scale sensitivity of different species to multiple types of extreme weather events.

Cultural competence in modern global world: Applications for mental health

IntroductionCultural competence and related terms began to appear in the 1960s in the context of the development of civil rights movements in many countries. The importance of research of cultural competence among mental health professionals is raised with the globalization trends of the modern world, when the growth of ethno-cultural diversity, internal and external migration, temporary movement of people lead to intensification of intercultural interaction.ObjectivesThe current study aims to reveal contemporary tendencies in cultural competence understanding and development.MethodsTheoretical analysis and systematization of research publications in order to clarify concepts, models and applications of cultural competence.ResultsThe following tendencies were revealed. Cultural competence continues to attract significant attention of researchers and practitioners, especially among the mental health specialists (psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists) who work with representatives of different cultures. A number of similar concepts and their components have been proposed: cultural competence, intercultural communicative competence, cross-cultural competence, cultural intelligence, cultural awareness, cultural acceptance, intercultural sensitivity, intercultural adaptation, multicultural competence, multicultural orientation. The difficulties and limitations of existing models noted: a shift of attention to a specialist, but not to a client; borrowing static and absolutistic ideas about cultures, without consideration of cultures development and interaction.ConclusionsThere is a trend in contemporary global world for broad research and development of cultural competence that improve professional qualities of healthcare professionals and provide psychological assistance to representatives of different ethnic and culture groups, confessions and minorities. The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 17-29-02506.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Explaining permanent and temporary water market trade patterns within local areas in the southern Murray–Darling Basin

The southern Murray–Darling Basin of Australia has the world’s largest and most sophisticated water markets. However, there has been little study on the drivers of permanent and temporary water market movements within local areas, or the substitution effects between groundwater and surface‐water extraction over time. This topic is important as it is often claimed that water market trade patterns (especially selling large amounts of permanent water) are associated with rural decline. This study uses random‐effects tobit panel models to investigate the association of regional and spatial socio‐economic characteristics with temporary and permanent southern Murray–Darling Basin water market trade, using a broker panel database at postcode level from 2010/11 to 2013/14. Overall, results suggest there is no statistical significant evidence that more disadvantaged communities sold larger amounts of permanent water. Permanent water selling was statistically more likely to be associated with other spatial and land productivity characteristics, while temporary water market trade volumes were more related to water scarcity factors. In addition, there was evidence to suggest a substitution effect between rural areas selling higher volumes of permanent water and using higher volumes of groundwater.