Temporary Construction Research Articles

ASPECTS REGARDING THE MODELING AND THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A SCAFFOLD

Under the general name of are understood the constructions composed of pipes, joining parts and their accessories, with which auxiliary constructions are executed that serve to execute the final ones, after which they are dismantled and the material is stored until a new use. The consecrated material for these constructions was wood. Along with the advance taken by the final civil and industrial constructions, the need to replace wood with metal material appeared. The use of metal brought a series of advantages and the achievements with the help of metallic materials proved remarkable. At the moment, the basic elements of these constructions are mild steel pipes, assembled with joints pieces and removable accessories, thus constituting a metal structure that can be used in the most varied forms. In this way, unlike the definitive metal constructions in which the sections of the constituent elements each correspond exactly to the effort it must withstand, at the temporary constructions the problem is solved by an easy-to-manipulate material, with elements that can be changed between them. Within the frame of this work, it is wanted to address two aspects, namely: the general behavior of a temporary auxiliary construction made of steel pipes (scaffold type) under the action of functional loads; the analysis of a joining element from the scaffold componency, an element that allows the assembly of two pipes in orthogonal directions. The approach to the two aspects mentioned was possible using tools made available by a specialized software of finite element analysis namely Femap.

Study on Mechanical Properties and Safety of Ultra-Thin Reactive Powder Concrete Prefabricated Slabs Applied to I-Beam Joints of Bridges

Conventional methods for constructing bridge I-beam joints face several challenges, including heavy precast slabs, complicated transportation and lifting procedures, strict accuracy requirements, lengthy construction timelines, and increased safety risks. The use of ultra-thin, high-performance reactive powder concrete (RPC) prefabricated slabs can effectively resolve these issues. However, research in this area is limited, leaving our understanding of the strength and feasibility of ultra-thin RPC slabs for I-beam joints incomplete. Therefore, this study conducts a thorough examination of the strength and safety aspects of these slabs to assess their practical suitability. First, 11 numerical models are generated to evaluate the bearing capacity of ultra-thin RPC slabs, determining key factors such as cracking load, ultimate load, and safety factor according to relevant codes and standards. This establishes a theoretical foundation for practical engineering applications. Next, several sets of ultra-thin RPC slabs that meet material performance criteria are prefabricated to study the mechanical properties under equivalent concentrated load. Finally, two types of in situ temporary construction loads are encountered in the safety calculations of the RPC slabs. This study aims to provide a robust theoretical framework and technical support for the application and advancement of ultra-thin RPC prefabricated slabs in bridge I-beam joints.

Using Poetic Assemblage to Trouble Stigma Associated With Perinatal Drug Use

The concept of assemblage has a long history in both the arts and social sciences. Assemblage thinking is particularly useful for critical scholars to engage with complex phenomena, such as drug use and stigma. Analytic methods that support assemblage thinking through the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of data-based assemblages are needed. This paper describes a qualitative analytic method, poetic assemblage, that merges the arts and social sciences to support assemblage thinking. I demonstrate its utility by presenting its application to data gathered on the stigma associated with perinatal drug use. Poetic assemblage, a form of poetic inquiry, uses disparate data sources to create temporary constructions that allow the researcher to make and remake connections and relationships across human, nonhuman, and discursive agents. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how this method can be used to support assemblage thinking and mid-level theorizing around complex and dynamic phenomena. The method involves the evolvement of constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed research poems. This process creates a liminal space for the researcher to engage with multiple possibilities and allows for a focus on emergent questions rather than on identifying simple answers. Using a series of studies on how healthcare and social services are provided to pregnant and parenting people who use drugs (PPPWUD), I describe my initial use of poetic inquiry in data analysis and my subsequent recognition of its limitations in supporting assemblage thinking. I then demonstrate both the construction and reconstruction of assemblage poems as well as provide examples of analytic insights on structural stigma that were illuminated from the process. While I demonstrate its application to a specific form of stigma, I am proposing the method's utility for imagining new possibilities, identifying emergent questions, and deepening theorizing for any complex social issue.

Influence of Silver Nanoparticle Integration on the Composition and Surface Properties of Acrylic Dental Resins Employed in Temporary Bridges

Background: Recognized widely for its irreversible effects, periodontal disease stands as one of the most prevalent conditions, particularly emphasizing the potential for permanent damage caused by gingivitis, extending to encompass the entirety of the supportive complex, including the connective tissue and alveolar bone. Patients necessitating comprehensive periodontal and prosthetic treatments require an interdisciplinary approach, involving the coordination of pre-treatment procedures and appropriate prosthetic strategies. The adoption of advanced materials and techniques can prove beneficial in addressing complex dental issues. (2) Methods: Forty specimens were prepared using the prescribed procedure, with 20 acting as controls and the other 20 integrating AgNPs. The initial step involved crafting wax patterns of distinct shapes: dumbbell shapes for tensile testing and rectangular shapes for roughness assessments. These dimensions were aligned with ASTM D-638 and ISO 527-2 standards and adjusted to match the specifications of the analysis device for mechanical properties. (3) Results: In this case, the results indicate minimal differences in heat-curing acrylic resins compared to the control samples at a 5% concentration. However, notable disparities arise at concentrations of 10% and 20%. (4) Conclusions: Temporary prosthetic constructions are essential for preventing functional imbalances and complications. Incorporating AgNPs at a 5% concentration maintains mechanical properties while providing antibacterial effects for long-term interim prosthodontic restorations. Higher nanoparticle concentrations may reduce resin mechanical properties without affecting material surface condition

Optimization Model for Relief Distribution After Flood Disaster

Logistics planning is critical and a key component in meeting initial emergency needs in the aftermath of a disaster. The rapid and efficient distribution of logistical aid becomes critically important. In such situations, the construction of temporary depots in strategic locations and the determination of optimal distribution routes play an important role in ensuring that logistics aid can be distributed to the affected areas evenly. In this study, the Multi Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP) is used which aims to minimize the total cost of distributing logistics aid which includes shipping costs, vehicle usage costs, temporary depot construction costs, and vehicle travel costs from distribution centers to temporary depots, while still meeting constraints such as logistics aid demand, vehicle capacity, area visits, maximum mileage, and depot construction. This model uses two types of vehicles where vehicle is tasked with carrying logistics aid from the distribution center to the temporary depot and vehicle is tasked with delivering logistics aid directly to the point of demand.

Simulation of temporary plugging agent transport and optimization of fracturing parameters based on fiber optic monitoring data

Temporary plugging and fracturing is an important technology for the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Due to the diverse physical properties of unconventional reservoirs and the complex stress environment, the evaluation of temporary plugging effect needs to consider the working conditions in the wells, and it also needs to focus on the transport and placement of temporary plugging agent in the near-well fracture region, so it is impossible to predict the effect of temporary plugging and fracturing effectively. In this paper, a numerical simulation study is carried out to investigate the transport and placement of temporary plugging agent in the near-well area, and a finite element model of “wellbore-near-well fracture” is established based on computational fluid dynamics, and numerical simulation and verification of temporary plugging and fracturing are carried out based on the fiber-optic monitoring data of temporary plugging and fracturing in Well A, as well as the optimization of some construction parameters. The results show that: as the volume concentration of temporary plugging agent increases, the temporary plugging effect is weakened and then strengthened, and the temporary plugging agent will enter into the heel cluster in advance when the concentration is small; at the initial stage, the increase in the quality of temporary plugging agent will cause some clusters to form incomplete plugging, but the quality of the plugging agent will not be changed after the quality is greater than 360kg; the temporary plugging effect is mainly reflected in the heel cluster, and the toe cluster is not obvious. This paper forms a set of temporary plugging and fracturing simulation methods based on the actual fiber-optic monitoring data in the field, which provides a reference for the optimization design of the type, particle size and dosage of temporary plugging agent during the temporary plugging construction process.

Pop-ups can be ugly: temporary architecture built with emotions

Pop-ups are temporary installations, constructions, or structures that suddenly appear in urban contexts to draw attention for commercial, artistic, or social purposes. Temporary pavilions, whose existence is bound to their capability to engage with unknown citizens or passers-by and offer them a spatial experience, are also identified as pop-ups. However, what are the features that make a temporary structure a pop-up? What architectural elements do designers outsource when conceiving and materialising pop-up architecture? At what point does a pop-up become something else? This paper aims to answer these questions by providing insights into design explorations that extend the meaning of pop-ups and enquiring, through a survey and interviews, the boundaries of what can be understood as pop-up architecture. Collective definitions address the fundamental role of human emotions in the conceptualisation and materialisation of these temporary structures, suggesting the secondary role of aesthetics when engaging with users.

Influence of arch action on load-carrying capacity of double-sized industrial precast slabs: A combined numerical and experimental study

The precast industry offers slab panels of different geometries according to the field conditions. These slab panels are popular in temporary constructions and beneficial in sustainability but have some financial limitations and local constraints. For a long time, the construction industry has used the arch action method, which restricts the stresses to the compression zone in concrete members and develops the required load-carrying capacity. For the same motives, industrial buildings have preferred semi-circular precast roofs, but the morphology was not suitable. For the proposed slab in this research, firstly, the typical industrial precast slab panel was doubled in width to minimize the time and efforts required for its casting, curing, and placement. Secondly, that doubled-in-width slab was provided with the arch action to confine the stresses to compression and benefit from the section entirely. Lastly, the top of the slab was kept flat to take advantage of the roof space. All these changes aimed for structural stability, reduced material's weight, improved load-carrying capacity, appropriate mobilization, and financial viability. A numerical approach and practical testing were adopted using the finite element modeling software, ABAQUS, to analyze load–deflection responses of both slabs through the concrete damage plasticity model. The proposed slab exhibited better performance as its capacity enhanced by about 1.5 times that of a typical slab. Although the volume of the material in the proposed slab increased slightly from 0.040 m3 to 0.045 m3, the reductions in joint filler materials, reinforcements, and efforts required for mixing and lifting machinery compensated for this increase significantly. Hence, the slab can be recommended for the industry to save the costs while taking heavier loads efficiently.

An integrated digital design and construction approach for falsework-minimal masonry vaults

Masonry vaults, mechanically efficient structures, are challenging to build because they require significant tailored falsework as temporary structures for centering, guidework, and scaffolding, which decreases construction productivity and increases financial cost and environmental impact. Traditional building techniques combined with recent digital technologies can eliminate such temporary construction. An integrated digital design and construction approach that leverages the benefits of four construction strategies (namely, thin-tile vaulting, loxodrome tessellation, augmented reality, and prefabricated spine) within a 4D funicular design framework is presented in this paper and illustrated by a large-scale demonstrator, innixAR. This structure demonstrates that the combination of the vernacular craft of thin-tile vaulting with augmented reality technology to produce a digital guidework, informing a 4D funicular design process that considers the entire construction sequence from a prefabricated spine, minimizes the required falsework, making the construction of masonry vaults more efficient and affordable. This approach is benchmarked against alternative conventional vault falsework. Combining thin-tile vaulting and prefabricated spine allowed a reduction of 82% of the falsework mass, making transport lighter. Whereas combining digital guidework and prefabricated spine allowed a reduction of 91% of the falsework elements, making assembly faster. This research contributes to the development of structures that are efficient both mechanically and constructionally.

Regulation of Extension for Temporary Buildings

While the Building Act includes a separate provision (Article 20) for temporary buildings, distinct from (permanent) buildings, it does not offer a formal definition for these temporary constructions. As a result, there arises an interpretational challenge in distinguishing between temporary buildings and buildings. The commonly accepted perspective defines temporary buildings as structures that do not satisfy the criterion of “fixed on land,” one of the requirements for a building stipulated under Article 2 of the Building Act. However, the requirement of “fixed on land” cannot be uniformly evaluated based on a single standard; instead, it necessitates a comprehensive assessment considering factors such as scale, form, structure, materials, and purpose. Consequently, and practically, there may be instances where temporary buildings, which were initially not “fixed on land,” acquire this requirement as a result of expansion. It is obvious that building permits or notifications are required when extending temporary buildings to construct (permanent) buildings. However, further consideration is necessary regarding the content and scope of such permits or notifications. If the structure resulting from extending a temporary building satisfies all the requirements for a (permanent) building, the physical changes before and after the extension would constitute an extension under the Building Act, but in terms of granting building permissibility (“건축허용성”), the extension is comparable to a new construction and therefore should be treated the same as a new construction under the Building Act. Nevertheless, the fact that a building permit for a new construction is required to extend a temporary building does not necessarily imply that “constructing a (permanent) building through extending a temporary building” is not permissible.

ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING ASPECTS OF CITY RENEWAL IN UKRAINE

Cities that are at the epicenter of military conflicts find themselves in an extremely difficult situation. In addition to the most terrible ‒ human losses, the infrastructure of cities, housing stock and industry are destroyed. An extremely difficult task for such territories is their post-war reconstruction. This process can be successful only when there is an understanding of the main approaches and mechanisms for restoration work in such cities. The necessary solution is the development of effective strategies and programs for the reconstruction of cities. This determines a number of priority tasks, namely: analysis of the experience of recovery of the countries of the world after similar destructions and study of the peculiarities of housing reconstruction, as the most acute problem. The article examines the main directions of post-war reconstruction of cities, since post-war reconstruction is an extremely difficult task for any city and country. And for this, it is necessary to determine the priority directions of the restoration and development of cities, depending on the characteristics and nature of their destruction. The restoration of cities should not be limited to reconstruction, but should be decided on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the degree of destruction, the economic component and social reintegration. The experience of countries that have gone through the stages of war and reconstruction is of considerable importance in creating programs for the reconstruction of cities. The set of measures that will contribute to the implementation of programs of reconstruction and provision of housing for the population accretes the world experience. Therefore, the article examines the world experience of the restoration of war-ravaged cities. For partially destroyed cities with a preserved urban environment, it is possible to develop an actual design solution that will take into account the type of reproduction ‒ restoration, reconstruction, or new construction. For territories that have suffered severe destruction, possible options for the implementation of the reconstruction program and provision of housing for the population are: new construction, housing rental, temporary construction of modular or container facilities, formation of a replacement housing fund, compensation for housing. An approach to architectural and town-planning solutions has been developed, which consists in mastering the underground space, the spatial composition of the courtyard space, and the architectural solutions of the buildings.

Structural Characteristics of Steel Pipe Piles Using CLSM

Recently, as underground construction becomes larger and deeper, temporary facilities must be designed, and methods suitable for the construction environment, such as the shape of surrounding structures and ground conditions, must be applied. Among them, the importance of self-contained earth retaining wall temporary facility construction is growing. Therefore, the installation method and construction technology of the self-contained earth retaining wall temporary facility structure must be improved. In this study, to evaluate the structural behavior of steel pipe piles for self-contained earth retaining wall, a full-scale specimen was fabricated, the steel pipe ends were welded with round steel plates, and CLSM was filled through the sand compaction inside the steel pipe. Subsequently, compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on the specimen in which both ends of the steel pipe were welded with round steel plates. Additionally, a finite element analysis of the vertical displacement of the bending specimen according to the load was performed based on the results from the ANSYS finite element analysis, and the results were compared.

Examining Wind Flow's Impact on Multi-Storey Buildings: A Quest for Quality Improvement

Abstract This scientific article delves into the intricacies of wind flow's impact on multi-storey buildings, presenting results from a series of experimental investigations. The research encompasses an examination of wind interactions with buildings of varying heights and geometric profiles. Furthermore, it unveils the effects of tall structures on the natural ventilation and smoke evacuation systems of shorter edifices, considering different wind flow directions. The study leverages specialized wind tunnel and measurement techniques for a comprehensive analysis of wind-induced loads on buildings. The acquired insights furnish crucial input for the design of single-story temporary modular constructions within densely populated urban areas, subject to wind-induced stresses. Additionally, they hold potential applicability in the advancement of energy-efficient technologies and strategies within the realm of construction. The acquired dataset underscores the criticality of scrutinizing wind flow's impact on structures of varied typologies and dimensions and will allow to significantly improve the quality and efficiency of modern buildings in the future.

Law Enforcement in Building Permits on Building Planning in Kupang City is Reviewed From Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 7 Of 2015 Concerning Building

Based on the author's observations, the background of the main problem formulated is How is Law Enforcement in Building Permits in the Kupang City Area and What Factors Affect Law Enforcement on Building Procedures in the Kupang City Area? The purpose and usefulness of this study are to know and examine the effectiveness of law enforcement in Building Permits on building planning and to know and describe the inhibiting factors of law enforcement of building permits in the Kupang City Area. To answer these problems, research was carried out using the Qualitative Descriptive Analysis method by the data obtained while still paying attention to theories, principles, and legal rules, so, this research is a research sourced from primary and secondary data using an empirical juridical approach. In the results of this study, the main problem examined by the researcher explains law enforcement in building permits in the Kupang city area Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2015 concerning Building Buildings, relating to the rights and obligations violated by the operator of this building including not having a Building Permit, commensurate lines of buildings not by the provisions of the Regional Regulation, and the absence of parking facilities. By the provisions of the Regional Regulation, building operators who violate this are subject to administrative sanctions in the form of reprimands and temporary construction stoppages.

Low-carbon efficiency assessment for Hong Kong's oceanic artificial cities applying the novel prefabricated diaphragm wall technology

Oceanic artificial cities built by reclamation are vital for addressing the future sustainable development of land in Hong Kong. However, traditional cast-in-situ (CIS) construction methods face issues such as significant environmental impacts and low durability, making it challenging to meet the requirements of low-carbon and resilient development. To address these challenges, a novel low-carbon construction technology for oceanic artificial cities is proposed: prefabricated two-wall-in-one diaphragm wall (PTDW). This study aims to address the comprehensive assessment and decision-making issues of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and load-bearing performance. First, the adaptability of PTDW technology to oceanic artificial cities is introduced. Second, the Carbon-mechanics Dual-control Assessment Model-Section level (CDAM-SL) is established. Finally, CDAM-SL is used to assess the GHG reduction efficiency of construction technologies for oceanic artificial cities. The results reveal the following key findings: (1) The Bearing Property Indicators (BPI) of the PTDW-Cavity scheme surpass the CIS scheme across the construction and operation phases. (2) Comparing to the traditional CIS scheme, the GHG emissions of the PTDW-Cavity scheme are reduced by 33.31% (8.65 t CO2e). This reduction is primarily attributed to PTDW technology, which eliminates the temporary enclosure structure construction. Furthermore, the refined PTDW technology significantly decreases the GHG emissions of precast components and enhances drainage performance. (3) The GHG reduction efficiency of the PTDW-Cavity scheme consistently outperforms the CIS scheme across both phases. Consequently, PTDW technology demonstrates significant advantages in load-bearing performance and GHG emissions reduction. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation and applicable tool for the comprehensive assessment and decision-making of low-carbon construction technology for oceanic artificial cities.

Construcții provizorii pentru facilități militare – soluții pentru creșterea adaptabilității și eficienței –

Temporary constructions involve structures that can be quickly assembled or disassembled and easily modified. Since the adaptability they offer is essential in the conduct of military actions, in the development of permanent infrastructure and last but not least in post-disaster interventions, they play a significant role in the defence infrastructure framework. Real estate investments of the Ministry of National Defense (MApN) must comply with both national legislative frameworks and departmental regulations. Temporary facilities are no exception. By analysing the regulations applicable for their implementation, the article briefly presents the typologies of temporary constructions defined by military regulations, the stages of technical documentation development and the conditions for authorising execution works, as well as some considerations on the opportunity to create a regulation dedicated to temporary military constructions.

Temporary Buildings for Military Facilities – Solutions for Increasing Adaptability and Efficiency –

Temporary constructions involve structures that can be quickly assembled or disassembled and easily modified. Since the adaptability they offer is essential in the conduct of military actions, in the development of permanent infrastructure and last but not least in post-disaster interventions, they play a significant role in the defence infrastructure framework. Real estate investments of the Ministry of National Defense (MApN) must comply with both national legislative frameworks and departmental regulations. Temporary facilities are no exception. By analysing the regulations applicable for their implementation, the article briefly presents the typologies of temporary constructions defined by military regulations, the stages of technical documentation development and the conditions for authorising execution works, as well as some considerations on the opportunity to create a regulation dedicated to temporary military constructions.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ МЕТАЛЕВОГО СТРИЖНЕВОГО КАРКАСУ ГЕОДЕЗИЧНОГО КУПОЛУ ДЛЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ

The paper contains the further developed of method for calculating thin-walled shells with supporting frame in the form of geodesic domes without a stationary foundation. Have been performed the detailed analysis of the fundamental design solutions of frame demountable domes with tent double-layer cover, the inner layer of which serves as a projection screen of three-dimensional cinemas, which are gaining popularity in the amusement industry. Have been developed highly detailed finite element models of dome with a base diameter of 13.5 m, taking into account technological holes and structural elements of rigidity under the influence of wind, snow, ice and other climatic influences. Have been modeled at the same time, various options for connecting the dome frame to the base. Have been proven that the worst influence on the dome structures is the wind influence, based on the stability criterion. Have been proven at also that the frame-rod tented construction of the geodome cannot function safely without reliable connection to the base. Have been identified, areas of the core elements of the frame with the highest internal stresses from various loads for all possible options for connecting the frame to the base. Have been considered the general nature of deformation and possible destruction of the structure, as well as the issue of loss of stability. Have been founded that the most stressed structures include the tent cover and bolted fasteners of the joints of the rod system. Have been proposed a rational method for anchoring frame dome structures at temporary earthen construction sites using geo-screws or metal screw piles. Have been proven the possibility of anchoring the supporting elements of the dome in five polar symmetrical points using ballast. Have been formulated the constructive recommendations regarding the rational design of frame dome systems. Have been developed the technological regulations for the further safe operation of frame geo-domes, and have been outlined the directions for further scientific research on this topic.

Diffractors on a low screen: a valid alternative for conventional noise screens along multi lane motorways?

Diffractors are an innovative way of shielding noise from e.g. motorways by bending the propagation direction of sound waves upwards and hence creating an acoustic shadow area along the road. The bending upwards is done by the interaction of the road noise with a series of slits, all parallel to the road but with varying depths for varying resonance frequencies. This principle has been invented about 10 years ago and has since then been tested with temporary and permanent constructions. The slits can be integrated in the ground, but can also be put on a low (0,5 - 1 m) screen for enhancing the performance at short distance. The Belgian Road Research Centre has carried out several measurement campaigns at different diffractor set ups on low screens. The measurements were of the "Controlled Pass-By" type yielding consistent results. An overview is given of the findings since the first measurement, including the new results obtained along a ring road in the Dutch town of Amersfoort in 2022, where for the first time such a device was constructed along a 2 x 2 lane, showing the performance in case the noise source is at a larger distance from the diffractor.

Nutritional Considerations in Colorectal Surgery in Diverting Ileostomy Patients: A Review.

Colorectal surgery often results in a temporary or permanent ileostomy construction. The general nutritional status and intake of patients with an ileostomy have not received much attention and scientific evidenceis lacking. Nutritional complications associated with ileostomy formation and colonic exclusion include fluid (dehydration) and electrolyte abnormalities (mainly hyponatremia), impaired renal function occurring from plasma volume depletion, and reduced energy absorption due to the role of the large bowel in energy assimilation. People with ileostomies frequently avoid specific foods, due to concerns of possible malfunction or food blockages of their stoma, which may produce a negative effect on their overall dietary intake and nutritional status. The present article reviews the existing literature on nutritional considerations for those with an ileostomy and discusses measures to optimize overall nutritional status of this category of patients.