Temporary Access Research Articles

Innovation in the sharing economy: Examining Uber's transformation

AbstractThe sharing economy has altered transactions between providers and users in at least two pivotal ways. First, sharing economy offerings are often crowdsourced from a wide range of providers rather than a single firm. Second, these offerings are typically temporarily accessed rather than permanently owned. The effect of these two characteristics on how offerings are exchanged has generated considerable interest from scholars across a wide range of domains, including economics, management, and marketing. However, little is known about the impact of the sharing economy (and crowdsourced provision and temporary access), upon the way offerings are created. As a result, the degree to which innovation in the sharing economy differs from how it is typically conducted is largely unknown. Our research seeks to address this question. Specifically, we begin by reviewing the literature on innovation in the sharing economy and then offer a conceptual framework that focuses on the role of crowdsourced provision and temporary access within the innovation process. We then assess this framework by examining innovations introduced by Uber since its inception. In addition, we explore the degree to which sharing platforms differ from a typical profit maximizing firm by conducting an econometric analysis of the price differences between Uber and a traditional taxi service. We conclude by highlighting the implications of our research and suggesting avenues for future inquiry in this domain.

COLLABORATIVE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE SHARING ECONOMY: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

This study examines the impact of the sharing economy on collaborative supply chain management among Turkish international trade firms. The sharing economy, which involves temporary access to underutilized resources via digital platforms, has challenged traditional supply chain models, necessitating resilient and flexible collaborations. The research utilizes the Inter-organizational Relationships (IOR), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Resource-Based View (RBV) frameworks, highlighting dynamic capabilities. Through structural equation modeling and expert interviews, the findings reveal that trust and information sharing are essential, but their effects on e-collaboration are complex. Trust negatively correlates with e-collaboration, indicating that electronic platforms may mediate trust in low-trust environments. On the other hand, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions significantly boost e-collaboration adoption. The study identifies e-collaboration as a dynamic capability, improving operational performance, customer/supplier satisfaction, growth, and profitability. This research contributes theoretically by integrating organizational and individual perspectives on e-collaboration and elucidates the intricate relationships between trust, information sharing, and technology in supply chains. Practical recommendations are provided for leveraging technological innovations to enhance trust and information sharing in collaborative supply chains.

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate treatment and rates of emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia: a propensity-score weighted case-control study

Abstract Background Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) reduces serum potassium in patients with chronic hyperkalaemia in clinical trials, but its role in the emergency treatment of hyperkalaemia is unproven. We hypothesised that SZC use for emergent hyperkalaemia would be associated with a reduction in rates of emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia. Methods This was a single centre, propensity-score weighted case-control study of patients admitted with hyperkalaemia to a specialist renal centre. We randomly selected 250 patients admitted between April 2021 and September 2022 (post-SZC era) with a potassium ≥ 5.5 mmol/L treated with at least one ≥ 10g dose of SZC (treatment group). We randomly selected a comparator group of 250 patients admitted between January 2018 and December 2019 (pre-SZC era) with a potassium ≥ 5.5 mmol/L (control group). Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and used as covariates for propensity scoring (PS) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). Our primary outcome measure, rates of emergency haemodialysis, were tested using unadjusted models and multivariable logistic regression models on unweighted data in addition to unadjusted models on weighted data. We also reviewed rates of emergency temporary central venous access as a secondary outcome. Results 59% were male, the mean age was 67 (SD 14) years and 149 (30%) were receiving maintenance dialysis. IPTW achieved satisfactory balance of covariates between the treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, patients were 77% less likely to need emergency haemodialysis (OR 0.23; CI 0.17 to 0.31); this result was consistent following analysis of weighted and unweighted data. Similarly, patients treated with SZC were 73% less likely to require emergency temporary central venous access (OR 0.27; CI 0.20–0.36). Conclusion SZC was associated with signification reduction in rates of emergency haemodialysis and emergency temporary central venous access in patients admitted to a specialised renal centre with emergent hyperkalaemia.

Implementation of the burden of proof in criminal proceedings by the victim and their representative

The article analyses the provisions of criminal procedure legislation with a view to defining the role of the victim and their representative (attorney-at-law) in proving the circumstances specified in Article 91 and Part 2 of Article 92 of the CPC of Ukraine. It is argued that the legislator, when defining the information which constitutes the victim's burden of proof, used the wording which does not give an unambiguous understanding of the totality of the circumstances which the victim and his/her legal representative are obliged to prove. Based on the results of the textual analysis of the provisions of current legislation, and on the basis of the generalisation of court practice, it is proposed that the circumstances which should be proved by the victim (his/her representative) include the following: the amount of procedural costs incurred by the victim; circumstances characterising the personality of the accused, as indicated by the injured party; arguments and evidence confirming the circumstances set out in the petitions and complaints filed by the injured party; circumstances related to non-pecuniary damage caused to the victim; circumstances underlying the claims set out in a civil action. It is established that a representative engaged by the victim plays a significant role in collecting evidence which forms the basis of the claims set out in a civil action. This includes, in particular, requesting copies of documents certifying the costs incurred by the victim and obtaining an expert opinion based on the results of a psychological examination. It is determined that in order to clarify such circumstances, the victim’s representative may resort to a number of measures, including: 1) submission of lawyer’s requests; 2) conducting surveys of citizens; 3) obtaining an expert opinion on a contractual basis; 4) obtaining temporary access to things and documents on the basis of a decision of the investigating judge; 5) initiating procedural actions in the form of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions, etc.

Coordination and compromise across competing economies of worth

This study examines how consumers coordinate temporary access of their private homes in a home swapping market in which different guiding principles compete. Drawing on the theory of justification, we find consumers strategically use objects to stabilise the different economies of worth that govern this access-based marketplace. Three economies of worth, domestic, civic, and market, are stabilised in homes signalling to visitors how to coordinate their use of the home. Moreover, consumers facilitate the coexistence of all three economies of worth by managing justifiable and object-led compromises. Our findings contribute to understanding that the peaceful coexistence of economies of worth occurs through stabilising objects that guide both coordination and compromises. Our findings extend the current explanations of why markets with plural institutional logics are often conflictual, fragile, and unstable. We also propose theoretical and managerial implications on the strategic use of objects to support a diverse but stable market.

Urban Agriculture’s ‘Invisible’ Short Food Value Chain: How Small-scale Farming Contributes to Johannesburg Food Security

AbstractUrbanisation into poverty in cities of the global South gives impetus to urban agriculture (UA) as a strategy to improve food security for low-income residents. This study disputes that UA is a trivial sector by arguing through the invisible short food value chain lens that it contributes to food security in local communities. The study adopted the extended case method that immersed researchers for more than a year to understand the practices of 11 farming entities and 20 of their customers in Johannesburg. Open-ended interview guides were administered to key informants from the city, provincial government, and non-governmental organisations. Findings show that UA increases food availability in local communities through the short food value chain. However, the local economy is undocumented and invisible to city stakeholders, negatively affecting their land use planning decisions for the sector. Though stakeholder consensus on UA is still lacking, the City of Johannesburg recognised UA’s potential and allocated both temporary and permanent land access arrangements for farming. Small-scale farmers lack the capacity to supply formal institutions, which can be overcome by intermediaries, such as civil society facilitation. The limitations of UA manifest in its inability to attract labour and keep records which inhibits its potential and support at the city level.

A Reflection of Shared Economy Practices in the Wuat Wa’i Tradition, East Manggarai, Indonesia

The objective of this research is to understand the practice of the shared economy and the concept of debt within the Wuat Wa’i culture of the Waling Village community in East Manggarai, using an autoethnographic approach. Data were collected through literature studies, observations, and interviews with 21 informants. The findings show that the shared economy practice has three main characteristics: (1) interactions through social processes, such as the habit of visiting at any time, (2) money as a resource, and (3) temporary access creating the concept of debt. This practice brings three positive benefits: (1) values such as reduced financial burdens, equal educational opportunities, and improved social status, (2) independence, with community members solving educational cost issues independently, and (3) improved quality of life through enhanced human resources and community welfare. The concept of debt refers to a moral obligation to repay without a set timeframe, influenced by the time value of money and individual economic conditions. This moral debt creates concerns about social exclusion if not reciprocated, leading to negative behaviors such as borrowing to assist, especially for anak wina, issues in economic priority setting, and the culture of early coffee harvesting called kopi ijon.

Effects of temporary access to environmental enrichment on measures of laboratory mouse welfare

Laboratory mice are typically housed in “shoebox” cages with limited opportunities to engage in natural behaviour. Temporary access to environments with increased space and complexity (playpens) may improve mouse welfare. Previous work by our group has shown that mice are motivated to access and use these environments, but it is unknown how other aspects of welfare are impacted. Female C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and DBA/2J mice (n = 21; 7 mice per strain) were housed in mixed-strain trios and given temporary access to a large playpen with their cage mates three times per week. Control mice (n = 21; 7 mice per strain) remained in their home cages. Home cage behaviour (development of stereotypic behaviour over time, aggression following cage-changing) and anxiety tests were used to assess how playpen access impacted welfare. Contrary to our predictions, we found increased time spent performing stereotypies in playpen mice; this difference may be related to negative emotional states, increased motivation to escape the home cage, or active coping strategies. Playpen access resulted in strain-dependent improvements in aggression and some measures of anxiety. Aggression was lower for C57BL/6J mice in the playpen treatment following cage changing than it was for C57BL/6J control mice, while playpen mice, and particularly the C57BL/6J strain, spent more time in the center of the open field test and produced fewer fecal boli during anxiety testing, supporting other research showing that strain differences play an important role in behaviour and stress resiliency.

Vascular Access status at Initiation of Hemodialysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 5 are on a slippery slope towards dialysis, however, as is the usual observation, most of the patients’ requiring dialysis do so in an urgent or emergent way using temporary non-tunneled hemodialysis catheter. While temporary vascular access provides a ready access in emergency, nevertheless may be associated with serious complications. In this study we determined the frequency of vascular access at initiation of hemodialysis. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of our hemodialysis registry maintained at our dialysis center for the past three years. Total of 124 patients’ complete records were available for analysis. Results: The use of non-tunneled hemodialysis catheter was most common n=101 (81.5%), arteriovenous fistula n=22 (17.7%). Conclusion: Non-tunneled hemodialysis catheter use is highly prevalent in our population initiating hemodialysis.

American Board of Internal Medicine Nephrology Procedure Requirements for Initial Certification: Time for a Change and Pursuing Consensus in the Nephrology Community

In 1988, the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) defined essential procedural skills in nephrology, and candidates for ABIM certification were required to present evidence of possessing the skills necessary for placement of temporary dialysis vascular access, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and percutaneous renal biopsy. In 1996, continuous renal replacement therapy was added to the list of nephrology requirements. These procedure requirements have not been modified since 1996 while the practice of nephrology has changed dramatically. In March 2021, the ABIM Nephrology Board embarked on a policy journey to revise the procedure requirements for nephrology certification. With the guidance of nephrology diplomates, training program directors, professional and patient organizations, and other stakeholders, the ABIM Nephrology Board revised the procedure requirements to reflect current practice and national priorities. The approved changes include the Opportunity to Train standard for placement of temporary dialysis catheters, percutaneous kidney biopsies, and home hemodialysis which better reflects the current state of training in most training programs, and the new requirements for home dialysis therapies training will align with the national priority to address the underuse of home dialysis therapies. This perspective details the ABIM process for considering changes to the certification procedure requirements and how ABIM collaborated with the larger nephrology community in considering revisions and additions to these requirements.

Problems of normative regulation of procedural means of cognitive activity of the investigator

The article examines the cognitive orientation of investigative activity during pre-trial proceedings. It emphasizes that cognitive activity in the process of disclosing and investigating a criminal offense is determined by the provisions of the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, procedural means primarily aimed at understanding the circumstances to be established. Undoubtedly, these means should contribute to obtaining new knowledge about circumstances relevant to criminal proceedings, but in accordance with Part 8 of Article 223 and Part 5 of Article 280 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, if pre-trial investigation is completed, the terms have expired, or it has been suspended, the investigator's activity related to understanding past events ceases due to the prohibition on conducting investigative (search) actions. However, investigative (search) actions also include measures to ensure criminal proceedings, such as detention, temporary access to items and documents, temporary seizure of property, and property arrest. However, since the regulatory framework for investigative (search) actions and measures to ensure criminal proceedings remains vague, the question arises about the possibility or impossibility of using these measures outside the deadlines of pre-trial investigation to obtain evidence in criminal proceedings without violating the general principles of criminal proceedings (primacy of law, legality, reasonableness of deadlines). Based on this, it is suggested that the cognitive nature of some measures to ensure criminal proceedings reflects the imperfection of the regulatory distinction between investigative (search) actions and measures to ensure criminal proceedings, considering their general definition in the norms of criminal procedural law. Finally, the question is raised about the investigator's ability to obtain information about the circumstances of committing a criminal offense through measures to ensure in a suspended criminal proceeding.

Automated quantification of construction workers’ exposure to struck-by falling object hazards

The construction industry is among the most hazardous industries, and its continuously changing and complex environment results in a labour-intensive task to plan and prevent hazards. The current manual safety planning procedures cannot keep up with the construction progress. This leads to unplanned durations and an increased responsibility for the individual workers to analyse and act accordingly to an emerging situation. This work proposes an automated approach to identify and measure the amount of struck-by falling objects hazard exposure to the construction tasks and their assigned work crews. Additionally, falling objects can originate from activities not foreseen or planned due to planning resolution (e.g., crane lift paths or temporary impassable access routes). Therefore, it is investigated how to extend the current practises of safety analysis in both the planning and construction stages using BIM artificial intelligence and sensor techniques. The proposed strategy is to identify hazard sources and subjects based on their topology and nature in a spatiotemporal analysis. The proposed combinatorial analysis approach is validated in the case study performed on a real construction project in Finland. It yields new insights, which can be necessary for construction sequence decisions and convince workers to improve their safety behaviour.

Using Upper Arm Vein as Temporary Pacemaker Access Site: A Next Step in Minimizing the Invasiveness of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background The femoral vein is commonly used as a pacemaker access site during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Using an upper arm vein as an alternative access site potentially causes fewer bleeding complications and shorter time to mobilization. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of an upper arm vein as a temporary pacemaker access site during TAVR. Methods We evaluated all patients undergoing TAVR in our center between January 2020 and January 2023. Upper arm, femoral, and jugular vein pacemaker access was used in 255 (45.8%), 191 (34.3%), and 111 (19.9%) patients, respectively. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to pacemaker access in the overall population and in a propensity-matched population involving 165 upper arm and 165 femoral vein patients. Primary endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 pacemaker access site-related bleeding. Results In the overall population, primary endpoint was lowest for upper arm, followed by femoral and jugular vein access (2.4% vs. 5.8% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.003). Time to mobilization was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in the jugular cohort compared with the other cohorts. In the propensity-matched cohort, primary endpoint showed a trend toward lower occurrence in the upper arm compared with the femoral cohort (2.4% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.10). Time to mobilization was significantly shorter (480 vs. 1140 min, p < 0.001) in the upper arm cohort, with a comparable skin-to-skin time (83 vs. 85 min, p = 0.75). Cross-over from upper arm pacemaker access was required in 17 patients (6.3% of attempted cases via an upper arm vein). Conclusions Using an upper arm vein as a temporary pacemaker access site is safe and feasible. Its use might be associated with fewer bleeding complications and shorter time to mobilization compared with the femoral vein.

Credit access and housing insecurity: Evidence from winter utility shutoff protections

Fifty-six percent of urban renters face some level of housing insecurity. I explore the role of credit access, or lack thereof, as a contributing factor. To do so, I study a temporary line of credit extended to households in the form of protection from heat shutoffs during the winter. These protections allow households to delay winter energy payments without risk of losing their heat. I adopt a triple difference-in-differences (DDD) approach, leveraging variation in states’ shutoff protection dates and census tracts’ average energy burdens. I estimate that the temporary extension of credit reduces the eviction filing rate by 4% in census tracts with high energy burdens. I provide suggestive evidence that eviction filings do not spike after the temporary credit access ends, implying a net negative effect of temporary credit access on filings over the entire year. I further demonstrate that a 3% increase in rental payments explains the decline in eviction filings, which is consistent with access to credit allowing renters to smooth consumption.

The impact of visual perspectives in advertisements on access‐based products

AbstractDigitalization has promoted the development of the sharing economy by facilitating exchanges that provide consumers with temporary access to products. Hence, enhancing consumers’ preference for access‐based products is critical for marketing practitioners and researchers. This study proposes an effective advertising strategy to enhance access‐based consumption based on the adoption of an appropriate visual perspective in advertising design. We demonstrate that advertisements that adopt a third‐person (first‐person) perspective increase (decrease) consumers’ preference for access‐based products. Mental simulation and psychological ownership mediate this effect; in addition, this effect is moderated by advertising appeal. Five empirical studies provide convergent evidence in support of the study's proposed hypotheses. These findings contribute to research on access‐based products and visual perspective and suggest innovative visual strategies for marketing practitioners.

DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY – BASED PASSENGER TRANSPORT SERVICES IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

In modern society, technology is being widely applied in all fields of production, business and management. There are innovative technologies applied in passenger transport services, allowing transportation agencies to coordinate values through temporary access rights, exchanges and transactions of available products, services, information, finance, labor, etc. from owners to new users and to maximize economic benefits, achieving the goals set by the state. As a developed urban, it is necessary for Ho Chi Minh city to popularize passenger transport services using innovative and smart technologies for both people's needs and local economic development. In this study, on the basis of a theoretical framework on passenger transport services applying advanced technologies, the practice is analyzed to suggest policy adjustments for sustainable development of technology – based passenger transport services in the city.

Comparing Ostrom's design principles to Habraken's open-building framework: disentangling a polycentric built environment

Abstract This article compares Habraken's Open-Building framework to Ostrom's design principles. While both frameworks aim to create adaptable and self-governing environments, Ostrom focuses on long-lasting commons governance, while Habraken focuses on designing for change. Unlike Ostrom, Habraken focuses on excludability, implying that private spaces include private and club goods, and public spaces combine public goods and common-pool resources. For Habraken, space is public to people from lower levels who have the right to enter but is private to people from higher levels who can only enter as guests. Habraken also focuses on separating design tasks, such as putting utilities in public spaces accessible from apartment building corridors, to reduce maintenance and repair costs. Utility access from public areas also reduces the need for temporary management and access rights from neighbouring territories, changing many repair and maintenance decisions from collective to private choices. Separating the infill level from the base building gives agents on the lower levels greater ability to adapt and control their own environments. Habraken views the built environment as a self-organizing polycentric system, and an important part of self-organization is appropriately applying themes, patterns, types, and systems. Unlike Ostrom, Habraken doesn't think there are focal action situations.

Combined surgery and Preserflo coating with conjunctival graft autologous in acute pseudo‐exfoliative glaucoma

Aims/Purpose: To describe a case of cataract and acute pseudo‐exfoliative glaucoma in which combined surgery with a Preserflo implant was performed and required a conjunctival graft to cover the device due to the friability of the conjunctiva.Methods: A 72‐year‐old male with glaucoma in the left eye (LE) with triple hypotensive treatment, who lost follow‐up due to the pandemic, goes to the emergencies for loss of vision in the LE. A medium dilation, pseudo‐exfoliation and white hypermature cataract can be seen. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is 45 mmHg and does not revert to adequate values with topical and systemic maximum hypotensive treatment. A temporary access cataract surgery is performed without complications. The glaucoma procedure is then performed using the Preserflo implant in the upper nasal area, but the suture produced buttonholes and tears in the conjunctiva that forced us to perform an autologous graft of inferior temporal conjunctiva to cover the implant and ensure a tight closure of the flap.Results: The evolution of AV was favourable. IOP decreased to 10 mmHg and initially at biomicroscopy and Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) revealed a diffuse, functioning blister that progressively flattened. The graft was well adhered and positioned. The sclera of the donor area healed by secondary intention. At the 3‐month review, the device was vacuum packed and it was necessary to reintroduce hypotensive eye drops.Conclusions: The Preserflo implant may be less traumatic than other filtering surgeries. The time with hypotensive eye drops contributes to the friability of the conjunctiva and makes us cover the device with an autograft to complete the surgery initially successfully. Although the chronic conjunctival damage may promote fibrosis, disrupt filtration, and require new hypotensive treatment.

Initiation of temporary access to things and documents by the defence counsel: topical issues of forensic support

Initiation of temporary access to things and documents by the defence counsel: topical issues of forensic support

The effect of dwelling-based and neighbourhood-based precariousness on mental wellbeing

This study examines the impacts of dwelling-based and neighbourhood-based precariousness on mental wellbeing by applying panel data modelling approaches to the 2001–2020 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. We find that living in unaffordable housing has the largest adverse effects on mental wellbeing among all forms of dwelling-based precariousness modelled in the study. Neighbourhood hostility and neighbourhood crime are key forms of neighbourhood-based precariousness that depress mental wellbeing. On the other hand, some forms of housing precariousness have insignificant impacts on wellbeing, in particular overcrowding and vandalism. Notwithstanding the importance of neighbourhood aspects, overall dwelling-based precariousness has a larger detrimental impact on mental wellbeing than neighbourhood-based precariousness. We test the robustness of linear models by implementing Tobit models that take into account the bounded nature of wellbeing measures that are ignored in linear models. We find that both models produce similar findings. The analysis in this study leads to important policy implications in a world that is increasingly exposed to public health crises. Importantly, the findings point to an urgency for policies and programs to be embedded within housing systems that ensure vulnerable population groups have long-term rather than temporary access to secure housing.