Temporal Separation Research Articles

Духовно-нравственные ценности населения Дальнего Востока России в начале ХХ в. в контексте межэтнических отношений (по произведениям И.У. Басаргина)

The paper analyzes the interaction of local and alien peoples in Primorye at the stage of its development by Slavic settlers from the point of view of spiritual and moral foundations and values. Owing to the great temporal separation of the period under study from the present and the impossibility of the searching for informants, the novels by I.U. Basargin, which are distinguished by documentary accuracy of description, historicity and covering a large time period — from the first settlers to the end of the Civil War came to be the study`s subject matter. Information about interethnic relations and spiritual and moral values was revealed in literary works and compared with the already available scientific materials. The dynamics of spiritual and moral values is analyzed on the basis of M. Scheler's concept of Ordo Amoris, a certain moral formula of a person, in accordance with which relations between values are built in the inner world of a particular moral subject. The study shows that the contacts of the newcomer Slavic peoples, namely the Russian Old Believers, with the natives and the Chinese, took place, on the whole, peacefully, thanks to the firm adherence of the settlers to universal human values. The Ordo Amoris community had become a guarantee of good neighborliness and mutual assistance, while its violation — the promotion of personal enrichment and power — led to crimes, violation of moral principles, and the destruction of peaceful coexistence.

Control of the fluorescence lifetime in dye based nanoparticles.

Fluorescent dye based nanoparticles (NPs) have received increased interest due to their high brightness and stability. In fluorescence microscopy and assays, high signal to background ratios and multiple channels of detection are highly coveted. To this end, time-resolved imaging offers suppression of background and temporal separation of spectrally overlapping signals. Although dye based NPs and time-resolved imaging are widely used individually, the combination of the two is uncommon. This is likely due to that dye based NPs in general display shortened and non-mono-exponential lifetimes. The lower quality of the lifetime signal from dyes in NPs is caused by aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) and energy migration to dark states in NPs. Here, we report a solution to this problem by the use of the small-molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES) concept to prevent ACQ. Additionally, incorporation of FRET pairs of dyes locks the exciton on the FRET acceptor providing control of the fluorescence lifetime. We demonstrate how SMILES NPs with a few percent rhodamine and diazaoxatriangulenium FRET acceptors imbedded with a cyanine donor dye give identical emission spectra and high quantum yields but very different fluorescence lifetimes of 3 ns and 26 ns, respectively. The two spectrally identical NPs are easily distinguished at the single particle level in fluorescence lifetime imaging. The doping approach for dye based NPs provides predictable fluorescence lifetimes and allows for these bright imaging reagents to be used in time-resolved imaging detection modalities.

Knowledge-Oriented Leadership and Tacit and Explicit Knowledge-Sharing Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy

Purpose - Drawing from social cognitive theory, the present study examines the impact of knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge sharing behaviors (tacit and explicit). Moreover, this study examines the intervening effect of self-efficacy between the relationship of knowledge-oriented leadership and knowledge sharing behaviors (tacit and explicit). Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of emotional intelligence between the relationship of knowledge-oriented leadership and self-efficacy. Study Design/Methodology/Approach - Two hundred and ninety-five permanent employees of service sector organizations (i.e., banking, telecommunication, and media) voluntarily participated in a data collection survey which was conducted using a three-week temporal separation method. Data was analyzed using statistical software, i.e., SPSS and Smart-PLS to assess the reliability and validity of the constructs and test the direct, indirect, moderation, and moderated mediation relationships of the variables. Findings - The findings showed that knowledge-oriented leadership strongly predicts tacit and explicit knowledge-sharing behaviors, and self-efficacy mediated this relationship. Moreover, results support the moderation of emotional intelligence between knowledge-oriented leadership and self-efficacy. Research Limitations- To bring a deeper understanding of how organizational and personal factors influence the knowledge-sharing behaviors of the employees, future research should investigate the potential mediating mechanisms, i.e., trust in leadership and learning goal orientation and the moderating role of psychosocial safety climate using the specific leadership style, i.e., adaptive, and humble leadership. Originality/Novelty- The findings of this study suggest that organizations focus on the enhancement of knowledge-related skills of the management which encourages the subordinates for higher self-efficacy regarding the sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge. Moreover, this study highlighted the importance of emotional intelligence for the enhancement of self-efficacy; also, emotional intelligence indirectly helps individuals demonstrate knowledge-sharing behaviors (tacit and explicit).

(Invited) Electrochemically Driven Ion-Exchange Remediation of Water Containing High Fluoride Content

Remediation of water contaminated by anthropogenic activities is required to provide clean water for human consumption and prevent damage to the environment. The scale of the challenge is signaled by its inclusion in the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals [1]. Major contributors to the problem are industrial activity and agriculture. The former commonly results in the release of metals; analysis and separation of such cationic species have received considerable attention [2]. In the latter instance, run-off of fertilizers used to enhance crop yields can result in unacceptable levels of nitrate or phosphate in natural waters. While monitoring of anionic species is widely undertaken using ion selective electrodes [3], the promise of electrochemical separation technologies [4] in this area is less well developed.For anthropogenic causes, remediation is the last resort following failure to prevent release of toxic materials into the environment. In contrast, there are instances where the “contaminant” is natural: fluoride is a prime example. The beneficial dental health effects of fluoride are widely appreciated, but excessive amounts are harmful to teeth, bones and various organs [5]. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies the optimum fluoride level in drinking water to be 0.5-1.0 mg/L. In many regions, water is fluoridated to realize the health benefits. However, local geological conditions many countries can result in natural water fluoride levels significantly above the recommended upper limit of 1.5 mg/L.This presentation addresses the challenges associated with remediation of anions, with particular focus on fluoride. At the outset, it is recognized that for potable water the requirement is not full de-ionization but selective removal of contaminants: this is a separation challenge. The attributes, performance and potential for scale-up of a range of (electro)chemical remediation strategies will be discussed in general. We then focus on electrochemically switched ion-exchange (ESIX) [6], for which application to water softening [7] and perchlorate removal [8] has been demonstrated.We explore the facility of aniline-based (co-)polymer films to reversibly extract and eject fluoride ions as the charge (oxidation state) of the films are subject to electrochemical control. Homopolymer and copolymer films based on aniline, o-aminophenol and o-toluidine were deposited potentiodynamically. Film thickness was controlled via the number of potential cycles: the resultant electroactive site population was assayed coulometrically in monomer-free background electrolyte. Film mass was assayed gravimetrically using the EQCM. For relatively thin films, correlation of film mass and charge capacity revealed the solvent content. During deposition of thicker films, acoustic admittance data revealed the progressive evolution of viscoelastic effects. Co-monomer feedstock has a significant influence on film deposition rate, absolute solvent population and redox-driven solvent population change [9].The ion-exchange capacity of the films for redox-driven fluoride uptake was determined upon exposure to aqueous solutions of varying fluoride concentration, both in the absence and presence of chloride as a competing anion. EQCM mass and charge responses, respectively, provide overall “ion+solvent” and “solvent” population changes: correlation permits separation of fluoride and water uptake/release. Copolymer composition significantly influences the ease of fluoride uptake and release and reveals ion trapping. Complementary data on the dynamics of ion and solvent transfers are provided by shorter timescale experiments, involving voltammetry at faster scan rates and chronoamperometry. Correlation of gravimetric and coulometric data permits temporal separation of fluoride and solvent entry and exit.Practical exploitation of these promising fundamental observations will require scale-up and optimization of cycle life, film viscoelasticity and response time as functions of film thickness. We speculate that spatially variant film solvation will be a critical parameter. To this end, we consider the viability of neutron reflectivity measurements with isotopic substitution to determine the spatial distributions of fluoride and solvent in films of graded composition.

TRANSFORMATION OF SIGNALS GENERATED BY FIBER OPTICS SENSORS IN THE WARNING SYSTEMS OF FIRE DAMAGE

An actual problem today is the improvement of a mobile optical reconnaissance system designed to detect snipers, observers, artillery correctors, including camouflaged ones equipped with optical sights. With the help of optical surveillance devices, it is possible to detect and estimate the distance to them, the principle of operation of which is based on the use of the physical effect of light reflection, which consists in the ability of optical systems to reflect probing radiation in the reverse direction at an angle close to the angle of its incidence, that is, illumination by a laser and capture of the reflected image, as well as the processing of this signal. The study of the processes of the propagation of laser radiation in the atmosphere (including in a turbulent environment) is given considerable attention in connection with the wide application of lasers in systems operating through the atmosphere. Indeed, the accuracy of laser devices of a wide range of applications (geodetic, in weapons systems and military equipment, portable, mounted in the system of combat equipment of a serviceman performing special tasks, etc.), spatial and temporal separation of laser locators, the possibility and accuracy of determining environmental parameters by remote laser methods can be estimated only taking into account the fluctuations of the field of optical beams. Keywords: combat tasks, optical reconnaissance, sniper, conical diffraction, diffraction grating, signal element, laser, sensor.

A bridge to recovery: Acute amantadine prior to environmental enrichment after brain trauma augments cognitive benefit

Environmental enrichment (EE) facilitates motor and cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Historically, EE has been provided immediately and continuously after TBI, but this paradigm does not model the clinic where rehabilitation is typically not initiated until after critical care. Yet, treating TBI early may facilitate recovery. Hence, we sought to provide amantadine (AMT) as a bridge therapy before commencing EE. It was hypothesized that bridging EE with AMT would augment motor and cognitive benefits. Anesthetized adult male rats received a cortical impact (2.8 mm deformation at 4 m/s) or sham surgery and then were housed in standard (STD) conditions where they received intraperitoneal AMT (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) or saline vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg) beginning 24 h after surgery and once daily during the 6-day bridge phase or once daily for 19 days for the non-bridge groups (i.e., continuously STD-housed) to compare the effects of acute AMT plus EE vs. chronic AMT alone. Abbreviated EE, which was presented to closer emulate clinical rehabilitation (e.g., 6 h/day), began on day 7 for the AMT bridge and chronic EE groups. Motor (beam-walking) and cognition (acquisition of spatial learning and memory) were assessed on days 7–11 and 14–19, respectively. Cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell survival were quantified on day 21. EE, whether provided in combination with VEH or AMT, and AMT (20 mg/kg) + STD, benefitted motor and cognition vs. the STD-housed VEH and AMT (10 mg/kg) groups (p < 0.05). The AMT (20 mg/kg) + EE group performed better than the VEH + EE, AMT (10 mg/kg) + EE, and AMT (20 mg/kg) + STD groups in the acquisition of spatial learning (p < 0.05) but did not differ in motor function (p > 0.05). All groups receiving EE exhibited decreased cortical lesion volumes and increased CA3 neuron survival relative to the STD-housed groups (p < 0.05) but did not differ from one another (p > 0.05). The added cognitive benefit achieved by bridging EE with AMT (20 mg/kg) supports the hypothesis that the temporal separation of combinational therapies is more effective after TBI.

Organic-inorganic composite of polypropylene fumarate and nanohydroxyapatite as carrier of antibiotics for the treatment of bone infections

Current treatment approaches in clinics to treat the infectious lesions have partial success thus demanding the need for development of advanced treatment modalities. In this study we fabricated an organic-inorganic composite of polypropylene fumarate (PPF) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) by photo-crosslinking as a carrier of two clinically used antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and rifampicin (RFP) for the treatment of bone infections. Carboxy terminal-PPF was first synthesized by cis-trans isomerization of maleic anhydride which was then photo-crosslinked using diethylfumarate (DEF) as crosslinker and bis-acylphosphine oxide (BAPO) as photo-initiator under UV lights (P). A composite of PPF and nHAP was fabricated by incorporating 40 % of nHAP in the polymeric matrix of PPF (PH) which was then characterized for different physicochemical parameters. CIP was added along with nHAP to fabricated CIPloaded composite scaffolds (PHC) which was then coated with RFP to synthesize RFP coated CIP-loaded scaffolds (PHCR). It was observed that there was a temporal separation in the in vitro release of two antibiotics after coating PHC with RFP with 80.48 ± 0.40 % release of CIP from PHC and 62.43 ± 0.21 % release of CIP from PHCR for a period of 60 days. Moreover, in vitro protein adsorption was also found to be maximum in PHCR (154.95 ± 0.07 μg/mL) as observed in PHC (75.42 ± 0.06 μg/mL), PH (24.47 ± 0.08 μg/mL) and P alone (4.47 ± 0.02 μg/mL). The scaffolds were also evaluated using in vivo infection model to assess their capacity in reducing the bacterial burden at the infection site. The outcome of this study suggests that RFP coated CIP-loaded PPF composite scaffolds could reduce bacterial burden and simultaneously augment bone healing during infection related fractures.

Investigating sustainability tensions and resolution strategies in the plastic food packaging industry—A paradox theory approach

AbstractIncreasing food waste, natural resource depletion, and climate change issues have forced plastic food packaging (PFP) companies to align their business strategies with sustainability aspects. At the same time, however, companies operating in the food packaging industry continue to face tensions while pursuing divergent sustainability goals simultaneously. Drawing on paradox theory, this study aims to examine paradoxical sustainability tensions in the PFP industry and propose potential resolution strategies to resolve diverse tensions arising from addressing competing social, economic, and environmental concerns simultaneously. To this end, we employed a qualitative research methodology and interviewed 15 senior corporate managers and consultants in the PFP industry. Based on the empirical data, we develop categories of sustainability tensions related to operations and supply chain, recycling, and external stakeholders associated with performing, organizing, learning, and belonging paradoxes. Further, we propose resolution strategies including multi‐stakeholder collaboration, research and innovation, circular economy, and use of integrated business strategies which are aligned with the acceptance, spatial separation, temporal separation, and synthesis approaches of the paradox theory. To the best of our knowledge, it is one of the early studies that embrace a paradox lens to investigate the sustainability tensions and resolution strategies in the PFP industry. Further, the study results could guide practitioners and policymakers in the PFP industry to comprehend underlying paradoxical sustainability tensions and promote resolution strategies to address divergent yet desirable economic, social, and environmental considerations simultaneously.

R-process Abundance Patterns in the Globular Cluster M92

Whereas light-element abundance variations are a hallmark of globular clusters, there is little evidence for variations in neutron-capture elements. A significant exception is M15, which shows a star-to-star dispersion in neutron-capture abundances of at least one order of magnitude. The literature contains evidence both for and against a neutron-capture dispersion in M92. We conducted an analysis of archival Keck/HIRES spectra of 35 stars in M92, 29 of which are giants, which we use exclusively for our conclusions. M92 conforms to the abundance variations typical of massive clusters. Like other globular clusters, its neutron-capture abundances were generated by the r-process. We confirm a star-to-star dispersion in r-process abundances. Unlike M15, the dispersion is limited to “first-generation” (low-Na, high-Mg) stars, and the dispersion is smaller for Sr, Y, and Zr than for Ba and the lanthanides. This is the first detection of a relation between light-element and neutron-capture abundances in a globular cluster. We propose that a source of the main r-process polluted the cluster shortly before or concurrently with the first generation of star formation. The heavier r-process abundances were inhomogeneously distributed while the first-generation stars were forming. The second-generation stars formed after several crossing times (∼0.8 Myr); hence, the second generation shows no r-process dispersion. This scenario imposes a minimum temporal separation of 0.8 Myr between the first and second generations.

FORMATION OF ENSEMBLES OF SIGNALS WITH TIME DIVISION USING A NEURAL NETWORK

In telecommunications, time-division signals play an extremely important role in the process of information transmission and processing. These signals, which are presented as electromagnetic waves, serve as the main means of transport for the transmission of data from one communication device to another, effectively constituting the circulatory system of modern communication networks. The defining feature that distinguishes these signals is their temporal nature, or more precisely, the changes they undergo over time as they travel over the network. These signals contain a rich spectrum of parameters, covering not only the attributes of amplitude, frequency and phase, but also many other parameters. This article provides a scientific rationale for the feasibility and relevance of researching the process of forming signal ensembles with temporal separation using neural networks. It has been established that one of the key tasks in creating ensembles of complex signals with temporal separation through the application of neural networks is the selection of an optimal neural network architecture. This entails determining the type of neural network that best aligns with a specific research objective. An algorithm for forming signal ensembles with temporal separation using a recurrent neural network (RNN) has been developed. Special attention is devoted to methods for assessing the overall error of signal ensembles with temporal separation using PNN. These analytical methods encompass the utilization of pertinent metrics, the evaluation of which depends on the specific nature of the task, whether it involves regression or classification. The findings of this research will contribute to the further advancement of methods for forming signal ensembles with temporal separation through the utilization of neural networks and enhance their application in contemporary telecommunications systems.

Generation and Validation of Digital Elevation Model Using RISAT-1 SAR Interferometry

SAR Interferometry is one of the techniques used for generating three-dimensional information about the Earth’s surface, which converts the absolute interferometric phase data of complex radar signal into topographic information. The prime objective of the study was to explore the potential of the RISAT-1 data for interferometric analysis. In this study, an attempt has made to generate the DEM of the part of Bharatpur region, Rajasthan using InSAR techniques using FFT based instead of the conventional approach due to non-availability of precise orbits. The analysis was carried out using FRS-1 data of 3 m resolution and 25 km swath corresponding to 21 February 2015 and 18 March 2015 having temporal separation of 25 days. The accuracy assessment of the generated DEM was compared with the extracted reference elevation information over 53 points from the Cartosat-1 DEM. The accuracy of the Generated DEM observed as 11.8 m and mean error of 2.3 m.

Interferometric quantum control (IQC) by fs/ns rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS).

A new rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS) concept based on interferometric quantum control (IQC) is demonstrated. Two wavepackets originating from pure rotational states are created by a femtosecond stimulated rotational Raman interaction. The two Raman responses are instantly probed by a single-mode ns pulse generating two interfering RCARS polarizations. The resulting signal is an IQC-RCARS spectrum detected by a streak camera. Here we demonstrate IQC-interferograms of N2 by varying the temporal separation between the two fs pulses within a full rotational revival period, as well as signal amplification and selective detection of nuclear-spin isomers at room conditions and inside a flame.

A simple fiber optic sensing system based on dual Sagnac interferometer for disturbance location detection

In this paper, a simple sensing system for disturbance location detection is presented. The system utilizes a dual loop Sagnac interferometer, where one of the loops is substantially longer than the other. Both Sagnac loops share a common section of a sensing fiber which is exposed to the sensing field of interest, while a pulse modulated low coherence light source is used for proposed system excitation. Dual loop configuration introduces different propagation delays among pulses launched into the both loops of Sagnac interferometer which allows their temporal separation at the system output. Furthermore, different propagation delays among these split pulses within both Sagnac loops leads also to different phase delays among interfering pulses at the loops output when the sensing fiber is exposed to a time varying disturbance. By measuring the ratio of the pulses amplitudes obtained at system output, the precise location of time varying disturbance can be determined. The entire sensing loop is made of passive optical components which allows for simple remote operation of the proposed system. A very simple signal processing is required to extract the position of the disturbance.

Capturing nascent extracellular vesicles by metabolic glycan labeling-assisted microfluidics

Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion is a dynamic process crucial to cellular communication. Temporally sorting EVs, i.e., separating the newly-produced ones from the pre-existing, can allow not only deep understanding of EV dynamics, but also the discovery of potential EV biomarkers that are related to disease progression or responsible to drug intervention. However, the high similarity between the nascent and pre-existing EVs makes temporal separation extremely challenging. Here, by co-translational introduction of azido groups to act as a timestamp for click chemistry labelling, we develop a microfluidic-based strategy to enable selective isolation of nascent EVs stimulated by an external cue. In two mouse models of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, we demonstrate the strategy’s feasibility and reveal the high positive correlation of nascent PD-L1+ EV level to tumor volume, suggesting an important role of nascent EVs in response to immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

Workplace Spirituality and Turnover Intentions: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

The voluntary staff turnover problem is a significant challenge for the IT industry. This study examines how workplace spirituality affects IT workers' job happiness and quitting intentions. Data was gathered from 302 IT organisation employees using the "Temporal separation" method, which addresses common method variance bias, to assure accurate results. To analyse and evaluate the hypotheses, the researchers used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). According to the research’s conclusions, job happiness fully mediates the association between workplace spirituality and employees' intention to leave. Industry practitioners should prioritize fostering workplace spirituality by promoting positive interpersonal relationships and meaningful job designs, as well as establishing an organizational culture centered on the organization's vision and mission. This study offers potential solutions to IT industry practitioners who struggle with managing attrition.

A comparative analysis between 'Boroca' and 'Buckskin bag' on the lexical effervescence regarding the establishment of gold mines in Brazil and in the USA

This paper addresses the significant influence of economic activities, such as “Gold Rush" or "Gold Fever”, in the United States, and the intense human movement caused by the discovery of "Serra Pelada”, in Brazil, on the language related to the economic context of the affected regions. "Newspaper Corpus from the Library of Congress" was used as a reference for the English term and the archive from Hemeroteca of the National Library was adopted for the Brazilian one. A comparative analysis was conducted between the words "Boroca" (Brazil) and "Buckskin bag" (USA), which refer to a type of bag used by the "garimpeiro" (Brazilian term) and "miner" (American term) to store and transport small gold nuggets. According to the results, gold extraction as an economic activity influences the media propagation of the terms "boroca" and "buckskin bag," revealing similar linguistic behaviors despite the temporal, geographical, and linguistic separation and highlighting the influence of economic activity on the language of society in the 19th and 20th centuries.

How the circadian nuclear orphan receptor REV-ERBα represses transcription: Temporal and spatial phase separation combined

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Zhu etal.1 demonstrate that REV-ERBα and its co-repressor NCOR1 are assembled into daytime-dependent liquid droplets that constitute hubs in which the transcription of multiple REV-ERBα target genes is simultaneously repressed.

Delayed leaf greening involves a major shift in the expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomes to plastid ribosomes in the highly phosphorus-use-efficient Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae)

Background and aimsHakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is a highly phosphorus-use-efficient plant native to southwest Australia. It maintains a high photosynthetic rate at low leaf phosphorus (P) and exhibits delayed leaf greening, a convergent adaptation that increases nutrient-use efficiency. This study aimed to provide broad physiological and gene expression profiles across leaf development, uncovering pathways leading from young leaves as nutrient sinks to mature leaves as low-nutrient, energy-transducing sources.MethodsTo explore gene expression underlying delayed greening, we analysed a de novo transcriptome for H. prostrata across five stages of leaf development. Photosynthesis and respiration rates, and foliar pigment, P and nitrogen (N) concentrations were determined, including the division of P into five biochemical fractions.Key resultsTranscripts encoding functions associated with leaf structure generally decreased in abundance across leaf development, concomitant with decreases in foliar concentrations of 85% for anthocyanins, 90% for P and 70% for N. The expression of genes associated with photosynthetic function increased during or after leaf expansion, in parallel with increases in photosynthetic pigments and activity, much later in leaf development than in species that do not have delayed greening. As leaves developed, transcript abundance for cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins generally declined, whilst transcripts for chloroplast ribosomal proteins increased.ConclusionsThere was a much longer temporal separation of leaf cell growth from chloroplast development in H. prostrata than is found in species that lack delayed greening. Transcriptome-guided analysis of leaf development in H. prostrata provided insight into delayed greening as a nutrient-saving strategy in severely phosphorus-impoverished landscapes.

Assessment of Stoichiometric Autocatalysis across Element Groups.

Autocatalysis has been proposed to play critical roles during abiogenesis. These proposals are at odds with a limited number of known examples of abiotic (and, in particular, inorganic) autocatalytic systems that might reasonably function in a prebiotic environment. In this study, we broadly assess the occurrence of stoichiometries that can support autocatalytic chemical systems through comproportionation. If the product of a comproportionation reaction can be coupled with an auxiliary oxidation or reduction pathway that furnishes a reactant, then a Comproportionation-based Autocatalytic Cycle (CompAC) can exist. Using this strategy, we surveyed the literature published in the past two centuries for reactions that can be organized into CompACs that consume some chemical species as food to synthesize more autocatalysts. 226 CompACs and 44 Broad-sense CompACs were documented, and we found that each of the 18 groups, lanthanoid series, and actinoid series in the periodic table has at least two CompACs. Our findings demonstrate that stoichiometric relationships underpinning abiotic autocatalysis could broadly exist across a range of geochemical and cosmochemical conditions, some of which are substantially different from the modern Earth. Meanwhile, the observation of some autocatalytic systems requires effective spatial or temporal separation between the food chemicals while allowing comproportionation and auxiliary reactions to proceed, which may explain why naturally occurring autocatalytic systems are not frequently observed. The collated CompACs and the conditions in which they might plausibly support complex, "life-like" chemical dynamics can directly aid an expansive assessment of life's origins and provide a compendium of alternative hypotheses concerning false-positive biosignatures.

Simons levers of control disentangled: A quasi-experiment into the competitiveness of hybrid firms

Controls are used to ensure "that resources are obtained and used efficiently and effectively to achieve the organization's objective" (Merchant and Otley, 2007, p. 788). Hybrid workplaces, which include flexible work arrangements like working from home, working outside of regular business hours, having flexible work hours, etc. (Stirpe and Zarraga-Oberty, 2017), are characterized by spatial and/or tem-poral separation. This presents control challenges because controlling requires that employee behaviour be in line with the company's goals (Snell 1992). Strict con-trols signal a compromise on trust (Christ et al., 2008), and loose controls dilute subordinates getting strong and clear directives (Long, 2010). Through a quasi-experiment utilizing the theoretical underpinning of Simon's levers of control (1995, 2000), this study explores the types of controls which enable hybrid firm's competitiveness. According to Widener (2007), the levers both individually and collectively drive firm-level knowledge production and attention direction, and be-cause they interact with one another, their effects are intricately entangled. This entanglement causes tension for organizational actors, who are largely interested in knowing which types of controls are effective in the hybrid firm's context and how these controls relate to each other. The results of the experiment identify that the best possible combination to enable hybrid firm competitiveness is ‘High IC and High DC'. The findings establish a significant role of high IC and high DC, in ensuring hybrid firm competitiveness.