Temporal Dissection Research Articles

Temporal inhibition of calmodulin in the nucleus

Calmodulin (CaM) acts as a primary mediator of calcium signaling by interacting with target proteins. We have previously shown that nuclear CaM is critical for cell cycle progression using a transgene containing four repeats of a CaM inhibitor peptide and nuclear targeting signals (J. Wang et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 30245–30248; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1313 (1996) 223–228). To evaluate the role of CaM in the nucleus specifically during S phase of the cell cycle, a motif which stabilizes the mRNA only during S phase was included in the transgene. The CaM inhibitor mRNA transcript contains a self-annealing stem-loop derived from histone H2B at the 3′ end. This structure provides stability of the mRNA only during S phase, thereby restricting CaM inhibitor expression to S phase. The inhibitor accumulates in the nucleus, particularly in the nucleoli. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the CaM inhibitor is expressed in S and G2. Transfected cells show growth inhibition and a reduction in DNA synthesis. The CaM inhibitor peptide is a versatile reagent that allows spatial as well as temporal dissection of calmodulin function.

Triplane rhytidectomy. Combining the best of all worlds.

To combine certain aspects of the sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (sub-SMAS) and subperiosteal rhytidectomies to maximize the advantages while minimizing the disadvantages of each. The subperiosteal rhytidectomy is used to reposition the ptotic malar fat pad concomitantly with the elevation of the corner of the mouth by means of shifting upward the origin of the zygomatic major muscle. The sub-SMAS rhytidectomy is used to maximize elevation of the jowl. Ambulatory surgical facility. Preauricular and temporal dissection is subcutaneous to the malar eminence above and angle of mandible below. A subperiosteal dissection of the middle part of the face is then accomplished through a sublabial approach combined with an incision over the malar eminence. An incision is made through the SMAS from the malar eminence to the mandibular angle and sub-SMAS dissection is accomplished under the jowl. The subperiosteal dissection is suspended to the temporal fascia and the SMAS dissection is imbricated with 2 suspension suture lines. Follow-up in patients who are 1-year postoperative demonstrates a continued youthful elevation and flattening of the melolabial fold and complete correction of the jowl. No facial nerve injury or hematomas were observed.

Temporal discontinuities in progression of NOD autoimmune diabetes.

Consideration of the pathophysiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse can be viewed from a temporal perspective. We argue that there are discontinuous phases and each phase may reflect a phenotype educed by a particular set of genetic and epigenetic events. Therefore, temporal dissection may be a useful platform for causal dissection and we have set out this article as follows: 1. Introduction. 2. "Pre-time." a. Genetics. b. Parental effects. 3. Development of insulitis. a. Development of autoimmunity vs waning of or failure to establish tolerance. b. Importance of beta cell mass. c. Homing. 4. Onset of beta cell destruction. 5. Further Discussion.

Behavior and physiology of the macaque vestibulo-ocular reflex response to sudden off-axis rotation: Computing eye translation

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) has historically been considered a computationally simple reflex: to stabilize images on the retina against imposed head rotation, the eyes must be counterrotated by an equal amount in the opposite direction. During almost any head rotation, however, the eyes are also translated. We show that the VOR compensates for 90% of this translation, and suggest a computational scheme by which this is done, based on a temporal dissection of the VOR response to sudden head rotation. An initial response that corrects only for imposed rotation is refined by a series of three temporally delayed corrections of increasing complexity. The first correction takes only head rotation and viewing distance into account; the second, head rotation, viewing distance, and otolith translation; and the third, head rotation, viewing distance, otolith translation, and translation of the eyes relative to the otoliths. Responses of type I gaze velocity Purkije (GVP) cells in the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus of rhesus monkeys were recorded during sudden head rotation. We show that cell discharge was modulated both by axis location and by viewing distance, suggesting that GVP cells play a role in the VOR response to rotation-induced eye translation.

Temporal Contour Deformity After Coronal Flap Elevation

Temporal contour deformity is defined as a concavity or depression in the temporal region located superior to the zygomatic arch and immediately posterior to the lateral orbital rim. The deformity can present as a consequence of extended coronal flap elevation for exposure of the lateral craniofacial skeleton. This study describes the anatomical and pathological features of the deformity and identifies causative factors. The series consists of unilateral temporal contour deformities after coronal flap elevation in 6 patients. A standardized data sheet was used in documenting details of the initial temporal dissection, clinical findings, and radiological features. Elevation of the temporal soft tissues was based on a qualitative analysis of coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans comparing the affected and the unaffected temporal regions. The MRI studies demonstrated normal volume of the temporalis muscle in all cases, with no evidence of atrophy or disinsertion of the muscle. Diminution in the volume of the superficial temporal fat pad was identified in 4 patients, whereas inferior displacement or prolapse of the superficial temporal fat pad was noted in 2 patients.

An Anatomicosurgical Study of the Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve

The surgical anatomy of the temporal branch of the facial nerve was studied bilaterally in 10 embalmed cadaveric heads. Particular attention was paid to the relationships between the temporal branch, the galeal-fascial layers, and the fat pads of the temporal-zygomatic region. The temporal branch of the facial nerve pierces the parotidomasseteric fascia below the zygomatic arch. This branch travels first in the subcutaneous tissue and then, above the zygomatic arch, in the subgaleal space. The temporal branch divides into an anterior, a middle (frontal), and a posterior ramus soon after it pierces the parotid fascia. The course of the terminal twigs of the temporal branch of the facial nerve in the subgaleal space is extremely variable, with their location being at times posterior to the anterior one-fourth of the temporalis muscle. Occasionally, a twig for the frontalis muscle may run in between the two layers of the superficial temporal fascia. Because of these findings (anteroposterior variability of temporal branch twigs and recurrent intrafascial twig), Yasargil's interfascial dissection may at times fail. A combined frontotemporal scalp/superficial temporal fascia dissection is anatomically suited to preserve the temporal branch of the facial nerve.

Spatial and temporal dissection of immediate and early events following cadherin-mediated epithelial cell adhesion.

Cell-cell adhesion is at the top of a molecular cascade of protein interactions that leads to the remodeling of epithelial cell structure and function. The earliest events that initiate this cascade are poorly understood. Using high resolution differential interference contrast microscopy and retrospective immunohistochemistry, we observed that cell-cell contact in MDCK epithelial cells consists of distinct stages that correlate with specific changes in the interaction of E-cadherin with the cytoskeleton. We show that formation of a stable contact is preceded by numerous, transient contacts. During this time and immediately following formation of a stable contact, there are no detectable changes in the distribution, relative amount, or Triton X-100 insolubility of E-cadherin at the contact. After a lag period of approximately 10 min, there is a rapid acquisition of Triton X-100 insolubility of E-cadherin localized to the stable contact. Significantly, the total amount of E-cadherin at the contact remains unchanged during this time. The increase in the Triton X-100 insoluble pool of E-cadherin does not correlate with changes in the distribution of actin or fodrin, suggesting that the acquisition of the Triton X-100 insolubility is due to changes in E-cadherin itself, or closely associated proteins such as the catenins. The 10 minute lag period, and subsequent prompt and localized nature of E-cadherin reorganization indicate a form of signaling is occurring.

Atlas of Ear Surgery,

This atlas, originally published in 1968, has been revised and updated for 1986. The original and very successful format has been largely retained in the fourth edition. The ten chapters begin with a historical outline of famous names in the development of otology. This is followed by a brief, but practical, guide to temporal bone laboratory dissection and a brief outline of preoperative and postoperative care. The final seven chapters form a comprehensive outline of temporal bone surgery, including cosmetic surgery of the ear and neuro-otology. As is appropriate in an atlas, the authors say little about diagnosis, indications for surgery, or the advantage of one technique vs another. The authors stick to the issue of how to do it. There are few words, but many excellent line drawings. The illustrations are simple enough for clarity, but detailed enough for accuracy. The emphasis of this atlas is on commonly performed

Temporal Bone Surgical Dissection Manual

This manual, as the name suggests, deals with the anatomy and techniques of temporal bone surgical dissection and is without question an invaluable addition to the curriculum of all surgeons beginning to learn the intricacies of the temporal bone. The author has clearly presented ten step-by-step laboratory exercises, using many superb illustrations for each (61 in all). The exercises include (1) basic mastoidectomy, (2) posterior tympanotomy, (3) facial nerve decompression, (4) endolymphatic sac dissection, (5) tympanic ring removal, (6) postauricular labyrinthectomy, (7) translabyrinthine and middle cranial fossa approaches to the internal auditory canal, (8) stapedectomy, and (9) modified radical mastoidectomy. Surgical landmarks are well labeled for each illustration, along with effective ghosting of important underlying structures in selected figures. The book's format is practical and usable in the laboratory setting and offers pertinent, easy-to-read accounts of each dissection, with adequate space provided for handwritten notes. This manual reflects the large

PREDATION BY LONCHAEA CORTICIS (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE) ON THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

AbstractThe predatory behavior of Lonchaea corticis Taylor on the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., was studied by temporal sampling and dissection of terminal leaders, and by laboratory experiments. L. corticis oviposition occurred when mining P. strobi larvae were consolidating the feeding ring, an event that segregates the weevil larvae into healthy front-feeders and weak, starving "followers." The number of L. corticis within a Sitka spruce terminal was highly correlated with the number of weak and dying P. strobi larvae, but not with healthy larvae.L. corticis larvae experimentally deprived of dead P. strobi larvae, behaved as an effective predator, consuming both weak P. strobi larvae and healthy pupae, but apparently not healthy larvae. The transition of L. corticis from second to third instar appeared to occur only after sufficient weevils had been consumed. When an excess of prey was present, L. corticis larvae consumed a mean of 2.9 P. strobi pupae over their entire life cycle. In choice experiments, L. corticis larvae searched for and located mining P. strobi larvae, and fed preferentially on P. strobi pupae rather than granary weevil pupae, Sitophilus granarius L. Under certain circumstances, L. corticis could be an important regulatory agent of P. strobi populations.

Surgical anatomy of the posterior tympanic recess (human temporal bone study)

Depending upon the study of 5 temporal bone dissections, five temporal bone sections and on the observations of 20 intact canal wall tympanoplasties with mastoidectomy, we have proposed a new nomenclature for the division of posterior tympanic recess. This new nomenclature is anatomically correct, easy to understand and surgically important. We have also made measurements of lateral facial recess and medial facial recess on human temporal bone sections and on human temporal bones dissection.

Aneurysms of Carotid and Posterior Communicating Artery

Surgery of carotid saccular aneurysms is the oldest form of brain vascular surgery. The results of surgical treatment depend on many factors. The most important is the state of the patient following bleeding. In patients whose condition improves rapidly, good results can be achieved by acute as well as by delayed surgery. Any surgical procedure will deteriorate the vasospasm, as the carotid artery is the most susceptible vessel to irritative impulses. Not only will neurological defects aggravate or become permanent, but the patient's life will be seriously threatened. Therefore, it is never advisable to operate a patient with carotid aneurysm while he is in a poor state. Carotid occlusion is not without risk as neither the testing of collateral circulation, nor gradual occlusion can entirely prevent cerebral infarction. The procedure has no advantage for the treatment of arteriosclerotics either. Direct operation on the aneurysm is, at the present time, considered feasible in the majority of cases. A small temporal craniotomy, urea, and dissection of the lower part of the Sylvian fissure provide sufficient approach. Aneurysms most frequently arise at the posterior carotid wall with their periphery hidden under the plica petroclinoidea lateralis, often compressing the oculomotor nerve. Dissection should be limited to the neck of the aneurysm. Their operability depends on the site and size of the aneurysm. In aneurysms at the bifurcation, both branches may sometimes originate from the sac so that only its diminution by ligature is possible.

Temporal bone resection and radical neck dissection for basal cell carcinoma with metastases

Temporal bone resection and radical neck dissection for basal cell carcinoma with metastases