Temporal Borders Research Articles

Borderline epidemics: Latino immigration and racial biopolitics

This essay examines the role of race in the differential distribution of life, death and disposability as it pertains to Latino/a immigrants in the USA—especially immigrants of Mexican descent. I explore Michel Foucault's theories of disciplinary and biopolitical power, showing how his insights challenge attempts to figure undocumented immigrants in terms of a social contract. By reframing immigration in terms of who is subject to disciplinary surveillance and who lives and who dies, I contend that Foucault's work is not just relevant to biological racism but is also present-day variants of “cultural” or “ethical” racism. The racial, territorial and temporal borders that are produced and contested in the ongoing crises of immigration detention, abuse, exploitation and deportation traverse the conceptual borders of disciplinary power and biopower in Foucault's work. With this in mind, I examine the tensions and correspondences between disciplinary power's relation to epidemic threats, and biopower's orientation toward endemic threats. Foucault's analysis of the “plague dream” where states of emergency are normalized sheds light on how Latino/a immigrants have been treated as an epidemic threat to be arrested and/or expelled. Through an exposition of how Foucault's account of the “military dream” of society as a uniform army is conjoined to a political project that is at once disciplinary and biopolitical, we see how Latino immigrants are also regarded as a vaccinating agent useful in inoculating the polity against the endemic contingencies of life Foucault refers to as “aleatory events.” The immunity paradigm provides interpretive leverage that helps us to understand the relays between disciplinary and biopolitical power, while also illuminating the apparent contradiction in American politics whereby immigrants are alternately regarded as both a cure and a disease. In both cases, the immigrants in question are either tacitly or explicitly regarded as outside the human race.

How patterns support computer-mediated exchange of knowledge-in-use

In times of knowledge exchange across geographical and temporal borders, the question arises as to how not only explicit or factual knowledge can be exchanged over distance, but also knowledge-in-use, with its high amount of tacit knowledge. This article introduces patterns as an established method for supporting the exchange of this knowledge-in-use. We first provide a theoretical basis for our assumption that patterns facilitate the exchange of knowledge-in-use, because they are external representations that are highly analog to people's internal knowledge representation.We then present two experiments testing this assumption: A field study with practitioners (n = 46) who had accumulated experiential knowledge-in-use over a period of several years, and a laboratory study (n = 61) where the students acquired knowledge-in-use during a standard learning period. Both experiments support the hypothesis that patterns facilitate the externalization of knowledge-in-use. With patterns, users described more solution-relevant features of a problem and focused more on abstract features of a solution than participants who explained their experiences without a pattern.

An Evaluation about Television Serials in Turkey in the Context of Parasocial Interaction

Parasocial Interaction consists of an important part of interaction realized by using media. Audience’s interaction with characters in fiction of serials is called as parasocial interaction. Audiences usually identify themselves with characters of popular television serials and they accept these characters as members of their own family. Because of having difficulty in separation of temporal and spatial borders in their own real life, such masses’ discourse and conscious is determined by media. At this point, television serials have become a common place in which parasocial interaction is experienced mostly. These serials have a scheduled broadcasting policy and audiences are turned to addiction by using some kinds of textual and narrative methods. Consequently, by identifying themselves with serial characters, audiences are not able to realize the line between reality and fiction. In the content of this study, serials broadcasted in Turkish televisions will be evaluated in the context of parasocial interaction by using current examples. As from acceptance that serials as popular culture material reduce the possibilities of social interaction in society, this study aims to show main lines and dimensions of the relation between television and person who is so lonely in modern society. By resting literature review as scientific method, this study states that how Turkish audiences are retreated into the process of popular culture by using television serials in terms of parasocial interaction concept. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p767

The logic of settler accumulation in a landscape of perpetual vanishing

As Glacier National Park celebrated its one hundredth anniversary in 2010, a storm of uncertainty loomed on the horizon. The park's signature glaciers, which are vanishing at an astonishing rate, were the greatest source of anxiety. Scientists now predict that all the remaining glaciers will be gone by the year 2020. The intensity of the storm was also fed by the specter of the vanishing Indian, which haunted the centennial, provoking a different sort of (colonial) anxiety. One hundred years ago, the vanishing Indian, not the glacier, served as the park's icon. The specter ruptured a temporal border that had kept the story of yesterday's vanishing Indian separate from that of today's vanishing glacier. In this landscape of perpetual vanishing, this article will focus on the concept of primitive accumulation (or accumulation by dispossession). Of particular interest is how its conventional meaning within political economic theory is modified by settler-colonial studies and indigenous critical theory. Patrick Wolfe, for example, argues that settler colonialism – as “a complex social formation and as a continuity through time” – is “a structure rather than an event”. Like settler colonialism, accumulation by dispossession is also a structure, not an event. As an ongoing process, it cannot be relegated to a pre-capitalist past. The continuity of the vanishing logic in the Alberta/Montana borderlands sheds light on the structural dimensions, often intersecting, of settler colonialism and accumulation by dispossession. Moreover, it raises the question: Is it possible to identity a unique set of processes that we might call settler accumulation? In other words, does a distinct form of accumulation emerge from the dialectic between primitive accumulation and settler colonialism, which cannot be reduced to either of its constitutive elements?

New strabismus surgical techniques

Five new strabismus surgical procedures were developed by the authors and were presented as a workshop at the AAPOS annual meeting of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. They are summarized here to introduce these methods to the reader and provide surgeons with more options in approaching difficult strabismus problems. Diagnosis and correction of consecutive strabismus attributable to stretched scar is discussed. The pulley posterior fixation procedure is a unique approach to correct high accommodative convergence or to augment a maximal medial rectus recession. Diagnosis and repair of the partial avulsion (flap tear) of a rectus muscle allows correction of some restrictive strabismus following blunt trauma. The nasal myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle corrects persistent inferior oblique overaction without sacrificing the tether effect gained by a previous anterior transposition of the inferior oblique. The full advancement of the superior oblique tendon offers another option to strengthen a weak superior oblique muscle.

Punk’s Afterlife in Cantina Time

Music keeps time just as a music’s tempo imagines spatiality. Spatialities are imagined through music that moves through and configures them. The analyses of relationships between music and space have informed questions related to sound and architecture, the formation of musical communities, and the political tensions over public space. Music functions as a temporal register: it houses memories and nostalgia in recollections of songs and performances and as sonic archives that construct chronologies that are integrated into cinematic, literary, and audio narrative productions. Music is capable of demonstrating the various ways that space, place, and time inform and constitute one another, and it allows the listener to define and challenge the limits of existing spatial and temporal borders. For example, rhythmic tempo, lyrical melody, and instrumental sound can speed up time. Simultaneously, musical sound can also expand spatial dimensions of place as symbolized through configurations of release and liberation, thereby delimiting normative spatial and temporal registers. This essay argues that an afterlife of punk exists in the spatiotemporality of the Tejas cantina, or working- c lass bar. 1 I define afterlife as that which is not a distinction between past and present or the notion of life and an end to life. Rather, in the spirit of Jodi Kim’s call to be attentive to urgent projects of writing histories of the future, I define afterlives of punk, in this exploration, by the simultaneous imaginings of “what was,” “what could have been,” and “what is,” in order to posit the ways the soundings of Tejas punk may imagine “what could be.” 2 The punk afterlife I consider here is what I refer to as a “puro pedo” temporality — t hat is, a musical imaginary of “what could be” that refuses to break with the past as marker of what one needs to advance, progress, and move beyond. A

“It's Better Life Here Than There”: Elasticity and Ambivalence in Narratives of Personal Experience

This article investigates when and how narratives of personal experience and displacement reference and characterize dimensions of time and space, with a focus on how temporal elasticity might serve as an interactional resource. Examining the dynamic, situated, and intertwined nature of such narratives, the analysis looks at how past–present–future/there–here experiences are described and characterized in the qualitative research interview. By illuminating the ways in which temporal elasticity and temporal border crossing are dynamic, emergent, and dialogic resources for the narrator, the analysis demonstrates a powerful way to investigate the experiences of simultaneity (Levitt & Glick Schiller, 2008) that accompany movement (of people, ideas, and practices) across spatial and temporal borders.

Ghosts of Southern Imperialism: Caribbean Space, Functions of Fiction, and Thomas Nelson Page’s “No Haid Pawn”

TAYLOR HAGOOD Florida Atlantic University Ghosts of Southern Imperialism: Caribbean Space, Functions of Fiction, and Thomas Nelson Page’s “No Haid Pawn”1 IN LIGHT OF THOMAS NELSON PAGE’S PRO-WHITE-SOUTH STANCE, IT IS very strange when complexity regarding race appears in his writing. For example, in his early frame narratives African American narrators serve his purpose of telling stories about harmonious race relations in antebellum plantation culture, yet those very narrators often lace their stories with subversive elements that undercut the very positive stories of slavery they tell. In these cases it is difficult to discern whether such characters somehow get out of Page’s control (which presents a problematic theoretical situation) or if Page realizes the other side of slavery and includes it in his crafting of otherwise pro-slavery, pro-Old South tales. Although the stories succeeded in bringing about their apparent desired effect of eliciting the sympathy of white Northerners and Page gave no known intimation that he was up to something more complicated,theslippageswithintheseAfricanAmericans’rhetorichint at an awareness of the sham of the Peculiar Institution on the part of the narrators if not Page himself.2 In the cases I am mentioning, such indications of slavery’s terrors are little more than hints, shadows in an otherwise sunny overall portrait, but in one of these stories terror becomes explicit. The story is “No Haid Pawn,” part of Page’s 1887 collection InOleVirginia. To observe that the story shows the dark side of slavery is to state a fact many scholars have 1 I want to thank Barbara Ladd, John Lowe, and Kirstin Squint for the SSSL panel this paper originated in. Thanks to my colleagues who offered prescient feedback, including Eric Berlatsky and Papatya Bucak. Thank you to Susan Donaldson and the anonymous reader for Mississippi Quarterly for their tremendously helpful comments. 2 Frederick Douglass had pointed out this doubleness of rhetoric a good four decades before Page when he noted that for fear of spies sent by masters onto plantations, slaves invariably reported that they led happy lives when asked by white people about their living and working conditions. 140 Taylor Hagood acknowledged, but what has not been so much explored are the reasons it does so or the machinery and underpinnings of the story’s critique.3 The question of why Page includes this discordant story is not easy to answer because doing so requires probing into the tricky techniques and purposes of Page’s compositional method. It also requires a careful investigation into the layering of time in the story, specifically the relationship betweenthepresent(post-Reconstructiontime)andthepast (the antebellum era). In “No Haid Pawn,” Page works out this temporal element through configurations of space in a specific kind of figure that can by its nature cross temporal borders—a ghost. Many of the other stories in Page’s first collection strategically deal with the past, before the Civil War, to soften antebellum sins and allay reader qualms with a sanitized portrait of a bygone and now irrelevant institution. “No Haid Pawn,” however, seeks to treat time and space so that both weave between a marked distance and an equally marked proximity. In other words, Page brings the antebellum past crashing into the story’s present with a ghost as the bridging figure while simultaneously invoking spaces distant from the Virginia setting.4 He does so in order to craft a horror story written in line with other horror stories by American writers before him. The specific kind of spatiality Page creates blends Virginia space with a Caribbean spatial model, and he particularly evokes the Haitian Revolution, a not uncommon move for white Southern writers (Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! is a famous later example).5 Page uses long-standing fears of slave revolt to infuse his own historical moment 3 For treatments of this story, see Cuenca, Cowan, and Rubin. Fred Hobson extensively investigates Page’s oeuvre for critiques of slavery as a system inflicted on white Southerners “beneficial for the Negro but detrimental for the Southern white” (141). In Page’s thinking, while race-based slavery may have held back the white South economically and culturally, its ordering of race...

Sarcoidosis of the orbit as the first manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis (clinical case)

A clinical case of sarcoidosis of the orbit as the first manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis is presented. A patient (born 1961) was referred with diplopia, gradual visual acuity of both eyes decrease during the last 8 years. The objective status at the ophthalmologist examination in 2009: temporal deviation of both eyes (10° right, 15° left), I degree left-side ptosis. Refraction -2,5 dioptre. Eye convergence and abduction impairment. Oculus Uterque - cornea is transparent, conjunctive appears normal, the anterior chamber is of medium depth, aqueous humor is transparent, iris is structured, the pupil is round, light reaction is normal, nuclear sclerosis. «String of pearls» opacity of vitreous body. The fundus of the eye: optic disc is pale pink with temporal discoloration, temporal border is not sharp, arteries are contracted, twisted, veins are of different caliber, macular reflex is fuzzy. Consolidation locus 0.9 mm with an acoustic above the optic nerve projection and posterior acoustic enhancement were found on the B-scan ocular ultrasonography. No signs of a mass were observed. Retroocular tissues are of normal density, with hyperintense 0.5-0.9 mm focuses in the internal segment (ultrasonographic signs of fibrosis). A diagnosis of orbital granulomas was proposed, the preliminary diagnosis: «Eye sarcoidosis, orbit sarcoidosis, sarcoid angiopathy». In June 2009 patient developed a nodular erythema on lower limbs, reported the joint pain, fever. Lung dissemination was determined on the chest X-ray, the patient was referred to phtysiologist and pulmonologist. The Mantoux test of 2 TU was negative, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was ruled out. The adequate therapy was administered. Thus, the eye involvement can be the first and only clinical feature of sarcoidosis and make the physician think about the systemic disorder debut.

Position of the central retinal vessel trunk and pattern of remaining visual field in advanced glaucoma

BackgroundTo investigate the association between the position of the central retinal vessel trunk (CRVT) in the optic nerve head and the pattern of remaining visual field and thickness of the...

Søren Frank, Migration and Literature: Günter Grass, Milan Kundera, Salman Rushdie, and Jan KjærstadMigration and Literature: Günter Grass, Milan Kundera, Salman Rushdie, and Jan Kjærstad. Søren Frank. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Pp. ix+235.

<i>Søren Frank</i>, Migration and Literature: Günter Grass, Milan Kundera, Salman Rushdie, and Jan Kjærstad<i>Migration and Literature: Günter Grass, Milan Kundera, Salman Rushdie, and Jan Kjærstad</i>. Søren Frank. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Pp. ix+235.

Before the West Was West: Rethinking the Temporal Borders of Western American Literature

“Before the West was West: Rethinking the Temporal Borders of Western American Literature” Questions of how to define “Western American Literature” and how to define the “American West” have long occupied scholars of Western literary studies. As these definitions have evolved, the boundaries have been shifted to include more voices and more experiences of the West. Recent developments in criticism have expanded the purview of “Western American Literature” to include 21st-century texts and those that take place in urban and suburban spaces. Yet even in the face of constantly shifting and expanding boundaries, few scholars in the field have seriously studied texts written prior to 1800 through the lens of “Western American Literature.” Using Mary Rowlandson’s 1682 The Sovereignty and Goodness of God as a case study, this essay questions the scant critical attention paid to earlier texts and asks scholars to rethink what—or perhaps when —we mean by “Western American literature.”

Graded anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for V-pattern strabismus

To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral graded anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for the correction of V-pattern strabismus associated with inferior oblique overaction. Medical records of patients who underwent graded anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for bilateral primary inferior oblique overaction associated with V-pattern strabismus were reviewed. The surgical technique entailed recessing and anteriorly transposing the inferior oblique muscle to various locations along the temporal border of the inferior rectus muscle. The amount of anterior transposition was determined by both the severity of the overaction and the extent of the V pattern. We analyzed the changes in inferior oblique muscle overaction and V-pattern strabismus and the frequency of limited elevation after surgery. The record review identified 69 patients (138 eyes) who met inclusion criteria. V-pattern esotropia was present in 44 patients (64%) and V-pattern exotropia in 25 (36%). Full correction or undercorrection to <10(Δ) of V pattern was achieved in 82% of esotropia cases and 80% of exotropia cases. Response to surgery was influenced by the severity of the preoperative inferior oblique muscle overaction and the extent of the preoperative V pattern. The grading of the anterior transposition was not a significant independent predictor of surgical response. No patient suffered limitation of elevation postoperatively. Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscles corrected V-pattern strabismus and reduced inferior oblique muscle overaction without creating limitation of elevation; however, it is unclear whether grading the transposition contribute to the success of the procedure.

Seneca in Cuba: Gender, Race, and the Revolution in José Triana's Medea en el espejo

This article places renewed emphasis on the gender and racial dynamics in José Triana's Medea en el espejo (Medea in the Mirror; Havana, 1960) by examining its relationship to Lucius Annaeus Seneca's Medea, a major source of inspiration for the Cuban dramatist that has been overlooked in contemporary scholarship. It demonstrates that Triana appropriates the image of Medea as a vengeful witch from the Roman text and accordingly constructs a heroine oscillating between antithetical subject positions: man and woman, master and slave, self and other. Situating the play in its sociopolitical context, the article argues that the indeterminacy of Triana's heroine, a mulata named María, for artistic and cultural reasons, is symptomatic of Cuba's liminal position and the collapse of hierarchical distinctions with the advent of the revolution in 1959, a temporal border that marked the beginning of a new era and caused the blurring of social boundaries. Triana, I conclude, revisits the myth of Medea and uses it as a vehicle for raising questions about the abuse of power and the continuous suppression of black agency under Castro.

Selected Studies in Romantic and American Literature, History, and Culture: Inventions and Interventions by Charles J. Rzepka

BOOK REVIEWS 467 eyes and wounds; attaching frogs’ legs to his deltoid muscle; suffocating in mines to test the effect of gases on plants; crushing mosquitoes to measure the impact of the venom on his pierced skin. In return he enjoyed the epiphany of being folded into vegetable and animal geographies, like Park with his moss, or Gulliver with his horses. This is not providentialism, nor Linnaean taxonomy. Nor is it empiricism, since the body and even the identity of the experimenting subject is an instrumental part of the experi­ ment, and it is not vitalism, animism, or Brunonian irritability. It appears to be an experience at once more extensive and more particularly intimate than we are generally capable of appreciating. Among the Romantic poets Wordsworth and Coleridge stand out as exceptional exemplars in this re­ gard. When he put his ear to the Keswick road straining to hear the first sounds of the cart bringing the newspaper and then, in the ecstasy of frus­ trated expectation, fixed his dazzled eye on the night sky, Wordsworth was experimenting with the physiology of starlight and the geography of the sublime. Thompson has written part of the history of how suffering leads to a sentimental knowledge ofnonhuman life, but in the end he is too hos­ pitable to the sheer egoists: the ones who suffered only for fun. Jonathan Lamb Vanderbilt University Charles J. Rzepka. Selected Studies in Romantic and American Literature, His­ tory, and Culture: Inventions and Interventions. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010. Pp. 287. $99.95. As many of us no doubt have mentioned to our students, the diversity of thought that existed before the mid-nineteenth-century differentiation of disciplines was a significant reason for the vitality of intellectual produc­ tion in the Romantic era. Cutting-edge science informed by microscopes and electricity experiments coexisted with Shelley’s idealism and abstrac­ tion; philology, linguistics, and religion were all part of Coleridge’s meta­ physical stew; and the many different and often unrelated research and speculations that filled the pages of contemporary periodicals were both destined for and emanated from a motley intellectual arena that included amateurs as well as what would be recognized today as specialists or profes­ sionals. A similarly exhilarating mix of topics appears in Selected Studies in Romantic and American Literature, History, and Culture: Inventions and Interven­ tions, a new volume that reprints some of Charles Rzepka’s best essays of the past twenty years. In articles ranging from the Romantic canon to Poe, Freud, Elizabeth Bishop, Charlie Chan and the Wizard of Oz, Inventions SiR, 51 (Fall 2012) 468 BOOK REVIEWS and Interventions annals a scholarly career equally as distinguished for its eclecticism as for its accomplishment. One of the obvious pleasures of such a volume is the chance to track Rzepka’s most important critical contributions, such as the recurring dis­ cussion of gifts and transactional relationships (featured in three articles on Wordsworth and De Quincey) that would culminate in Rzepka’s illluminating Sacramental Commodities. The diversity of the topics also signals the interest in detection and crime narratives that have extended Rzepka’s work beyond the geographical and temporal borders of British Romanti­ cism, and which seem to lead his current interests (the three most recent essays are those on Poe, Charlie Chan, and Godwin). Indeed, in its astute synthesis of genre criticism, regional history, and Asian American studies, Rzepka’s essay on Charlie Chan is particularly impressive. The essay, a re­ visionary interpretation which rejects orientalist charges for the much ma­ ligned character and instead argues for his generic and historical sig­ nificance at a time when strictures against Asian immigration were extreme, anticipates Yunte Huang’s much celebrated current book (Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and his Rendezvous ivith American History) by several years. Thus, while the topics of some of the later essays may at first seem surprising for Romantic scholars, one thing that the volume’s collection helps reveal is the close connection between space, place, identity, and power that has always driven Rzepka’s scholar­ ship, and how his Romantic training shaped these more current interests. However, to suggest that the merits of Inventions and...

Metrological concepts required for food safety and quality testing

The safety of the food we consume has a direct impact on our well-being and is a determinant for the quality of life. Food testing and the metrological principles associated with this activity play a key role in helping to ensure the safety of the food chain. The globalisation of food trade and national as well as international food safety regulations has produced an enormous demand for comparability of analytical results independent of temporal or spatial borders. Measurement-related elements of EU food legislation and their practical implementation as well as analytical requirements derived from the Codex Alimentarius are discussed in this contribution.

Optical Coherence Tomography of the Swollen Optic Nerve Head: Deformation of the Peripapillary Retinal Pigment Epithelium Layer in Papilledema

PURPOSE. To examine the biomechanical deformation of load bearing structures of the optic nerve head (ONH) resulting from raised intracranial pressure, using high definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). The authors postulate that elevated intracranial pressure induces forces in the retrolaminar subarachnoid space that can deform ONH structures, particularly the peripapillary Bruch's membrane (BM) and RPE layers. METHODS. The authors compared HD-OCT optic nerve and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) findings in eyes with papilledema caused by raised intracranial pressure to findings in eyes with optic disc swelling caused by optic neuritis and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), conditions without intracranial hypertension. The authors measured average thickness of the RNFL and the angle of the RPE/BM at the temporal and nasal borders of the neural canal opening. The angle was measured as positive with inward (toward the vitreous) angulation and as negative with outward angulation. RESULTS. Of 30 eyes with papilledema, 20 eyes (67%) had positive RPE/BM rim angles. One of eight optic neuritis (12%) eyes and 1 of 12 NAION (8%) eyes had positive angulation. In five eyes with papilledema, RNFL thickening increased, three of which developed positive RPE/BM angles. On follow-up, 22 papilledema eyes had a reduction of RNFL swelling, and 17 of these eyes had less positive RPE/BM angulation. CONCLUSIONS. In papilledema, the RPE/BM is commonly deflected inward, in contrast to eyes with NAION or optic neuritis. The RPE/BM angulation is presumed to be caused by elevated pressure in the subarachnoid space, does not correlate with the amount of RNFL swelling, and resolves as papilledema subsides.

Speech preservation using a non-linear paradigm for determination of the extent of neocortical resection in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis submitted to cortico-amygdalo-hippocampectomy (CAH)

Rationale The rationale for using a non-linear (proportional) paradigm for determining the extent of the neocortex to be removed in temporal lobe resection was based on anatomical and intra-operative cortical mapping findings. We present our results regarding speech preservation in patients submitted to CAH using the central artery as an anatomical landmark for determining the posterior border of neocortical resection. Methods Two hundred and fifty consecutive right-handed patients with left unilateral mesial sclerosis were studied. All patients were submitted to CAH under general anesthesia and without intraoperative electrocorticography. The posterior border of the lateral neocortical resection was defined by a line perpendicular to the temporal axis at the level of the central artery. Results Seven patients had transient (1–3 weeks; mean = 9 days) receptive speech disturbance. There was no permanent speech deficit. Imaging documented edema or contusion at the posterior temporal cortical border in all patients who had transient speech deficits. The mean extent of cortical resection was 3.9 cm in adults and 3.1 cm in kids. Discussion This is the first report in the literature discussing the use of a non-linear paradigm to determine the extent of lateral neocortical removal in this patient population. We found no permanent speech disturbances in this series. The non-linear approach used in this series proved to be safe and effective to avoid post-operative speech disorders. It was able to compensate for different brain and head sizes, and allowed smaller neocortical removal when compared to traditional linear approaches.

A new large and colorful skink of the genus Amphiglossus from Madagascar revealed by morphology and multilocus molecular study

We describe a new species of Amphiglossus skink from the western edge of the Central Highlands of Madagascar in the Reserve of Makira, and also found in the Réserve Spéciale of Ambohijanahary and in the Réserve Spéciale of Marotandrano. Amphiglossus meva n. sp. is characterized and differentiated from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological, chromatic and molecular characters: 1) a relatively large size (SVL of adults from 126 to 150 mm); 2) a characteristic pattern of coloration, Amphiglossus meva being the only skink in Madagascar together with Amphiglossus crenni with dark grey dorsum contrasting with orange flanks and ventrum; 3) the absence of a postnasal scale; 4) the presubocular frequently absent, 5) the presence of single elongated tertiary temporal bordering lower secondary temporal and 6) pentadactyl limbs. In addition to the morphological approach, a multi-locus genetic analysis based on eight mitochondrial and nuclear genes clearly supports the distinctiveness of A. meva. This new species was found in areas of rainforest, sometimes containing transitional deciduous forest elements. It was typically observed under large rotten logs associated with dense layers of decomposed wood retaining certain humidity and providing habitat for invertebrate larvae and termites.

Women, translation and censorship in the Franco Regime

This article presents a descriptive study of the incidence of censorship in the translation into Spanish of Larry McMurtry’s opera prima Horseman, Pass By. The novel was translated during Fraga Iribarne’s term of office at the Ministry of Information and Tourism (1962-1969), a period when the incidence of censorship for the Western genre was at its lowest for the dictatorship. Framed within the temporal borders of the Franco’s dictatorship, the study investigates the translation techniques used by Ana M.ª de la Fuente when translating violence against women in the discourse of this contemporary Western. The use of violence was one of the censorship criteria followed by the government’s officials. This article explores the incidence and effect of censorship and self-censorship in the translation of violence against women in the discourse of the Far West, where violence was part and parcel of the genre.