Temporal Arrangement Research Articles

Development of E-banking in Bangladesh: A Survey Study

E-Banking is being grownup speedily in Bangladesh. The recent exceptional advancement in data technology and smartphones’ convenience has brought important changes in banks’ services in Bangladesh. Notably, banks are presently competitory to supply complete banking services via smartphones or through on-line platforms. Such digital banking services cut back long queues within the bank’s counter to withdraw cash/ to deposit cash to their accounts. However, very little is thought concerning security and customers’ feedback concerning such services, that is investigated during this paper. a lot of significantly, this paper tried to look at E-banking’s current standing, potential future opportunities, and challenges, notably in Bangladesh. To serve our functions, we have a tendency to interviewed one hundred fifty folks directly connected with such digital banking services, as well as bankers, users, and alternative people. Our study finds many barriers in E-banking service channels, as well as technological breakdown, infrastructural limitations, temporal arrangement problems, legal risks and name risks, etc. Our analysis conjointly finds that customers are not equally pleased with digital services, and that they demanded to scale back the extent of uncertainty related to digital banking services.

변화개념의 특징과 역사학습에서의 의의

Usually, students think of change as just what happened and regard recognizing it as knowing the cause and effect of events. The concept of time and periodization as a tool for judging change is understood as given and not problematized. Taking change as a common-sense term, they lack analytical clarity. History lessons should provide an opportunity for students to distinguish and specify its attributes - extent, rate, nature, direction- for proper recognition of the concept of change. In doing so, they can understand that it is different from causality and that it is not just an opposition to continuity, but a combination of progress and regression, and rupture and duration. Chronology is not just about the temporal arrangement of the event but about a deep sense of the passage of time and language to express it, so the use of chronology should develop into an expanded understanding of the historical time. To recognize the meaning and significance of the change, students should distinguish multi-leveled time concepts and refer to a longer flow of history. It is also necessary to think about the possibility that history may have developed differently from the decisive past that made the present. They should continue to modify and supplement a framework that can situate the present not as separated from the past but as its extension.

Spatial and Temporal Arrangement of Recurrent Inhibition in the Primate Upper Limb.

Renshaw cells mediate recurrent inhibition between motoneurons within the spinal cord. The function of this circuit is not clear; we previously suggested based on computational modeling that it may cancel oscillations in muscle activity around 10 Hz, thereby reducing physiological tremor. Such tremor is especially problematic for dexterous hand movements, yet knowledge of recurrent inhibitory function is sparse for the control of the primate upper limb, where no direct measurements have been made to date. In this study, we made intracellular penetrations into 89 motoneurons in the cervical enlargement of four terminally anesthetized female macaque monkeys, and recorded recurrent IPSPs in response to antidromic stimulation of motor axons. Recurrent inhibition was strongest to motoneurons innervating shoulder muscles and elbow extensors, weak to wrist and digit extensors, and almost absent to the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Recurrent inhibitory connections often spanned joints, for example from motoneurons innervating wrist and digit muscles to those controlling the shoulder and elbow. Wrist and digit flexor motoneurons sometimes inhibited the corresponding extensors, and vice versa. This complex connectivity presumably reflects the flexible usage of the primate upper limb. Using trains of stimuli to motor nerves timed as a Poisson process and coherence analysis, we also examined the temporal properties of recurrent inhibition. The recurrent feedback loop effectively carried frequencies up to 100 Hz, with a coherence peak around 20 Hz. The coherence phase validated predictions from our previous computational model, supporting the idea that recurrent inhibition may function to reduce tremor.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We present the first direct measurements of recurrent inhibition in primate upper limb motoneurons, revealing that it is more flexibly organized than previous observations in cat. Recurrent inhibitory connections were relatively common between motoneurons controlling muscles that act at different joints, and between flexors and extensors. As in the cat, connections were minimal for motoneurons innervating the most distal intrinsic hand muscles. Empirical data are consistent with previous modeling: temporal properties of the recurrent inhibitory feedback loop are compatible with a role in reducing physiological tremor by suppressing oscillations around 10 Hz.

Growth and Yield Performances of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to Intercropping Practices: A Review

Roselle is one of the medicinal plants in the world. Roselle production practice varies from one region to the other and according to the varieties and purpose of production. Hence, in order to enhance production and productivity of Roselle, growers have to be aware of the production possibilities. A world wide Roselle production possibility under intercropping practices has been reviewed for further dissemination of the information. Over all, attention should be given to selection of appropriate Roselle variety and component crop, as well as their temporal and spatial arrangements in intercropping system. Keywords: Intercropping, Medicinal plant, Roselle DOI: 10.7176/ALST/84-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

Investigating the Interaction Between Form and Motion Processing: A Review of Basic Research and Clinical Evidence.

A widely held view of the visual system supported the perspective that the primate brain is organized in two main specialized streams, called the ventral and dorsal streams. The ventral stream is known to be involved in object recognition (e.g., form and orientation). In contrast, the dorsal stream is thought to be more involved in spatial recognition (e.g., the spatial relationship between objects and motion direction). Recent evidence suggests that these two streams are not segregated but interact with each other. A class of visual stimuli known as Glass patterns has been developed to shed light on this process. Glass patterns are visual stimuli made of pairs of dots, called dipoles, that give the percept of a specific form or apparent motion, depending on the spatial and temporal arrangement of the dipoles. In this review, we show an update of the neurophysiological, brain imaging, psychophysical, clinical, and brain stimulation studies which have assessed form and motion integration mechanisms, and the level at which this occurs in the human and non-human primate brain. We also discuss several studies based on non-invasive brain stimulation techniques that used different types of visual stimuli to assess the cortico-cortical interactions in the visual cortex for the processing of form and motion information. Additionally, we discuss the timing of specific visual processing in the ventral and dorsal streams. Finally, we report some parallels between healthy participants and neurologically impaired patients in the conscious processing of form and motion.

20 years of Nordic second-home tourism research: a review and future research agenda

ABSTRACT Second-home tourism is a prominent feature of Nordic tourism. This article reviews Nordic research on second-home tourism since 2000 and relates it to international trends within this field. Furthermore, it provides a short outline of future research needs and opportunities. The review indicates that Nordic second-home tourism research has been highly productive and influential. After being dominated by national overviews, research has more recently addressed issues such as environmental impacts, community tensions and displacement, internationalization, and planning. Indeed, with this, Nordic researchers have gained core positions in the international ecosystem of second-home research, and particularly Umeå University has developed into the epicenter of second-home research. Although the situation for Nordic second-home research has been strong, generational shifts imply a risk of discontinuation. However, a more nuanced view on the second-home phenomenon detects the varieties of second-home tourism and the multiple interconnections to other fields of research. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, second-home research can become a forerunner in understanding households’ new spatial–temporal arrangements, combining various homes and places.

How to park a car? Immobility and the temporal organization of parking practices

ABSTRACT The article explores the temporal organisation of social practices by using the example of car parking in cities. Parking is a dynamic practice dependent on materiality and oriented towards immobility. Drawing on the research on urban neighbourhoods in Poland, the article investigates coordination and synchronisation of people’s practices in temporally and spatially regulated situations. In so doing, it shows the emergence of normativity in car parking practices, which rely on ‘public familiarity’ and efficient use of urban spaces. The argumentation pulls together discussions about temporality, materiality, ordering and scalability of social practices. The article contributes to the understanding of cars in society by arguing for more attention to their immobility and consequences of parking for everyday life in cities. By looking at how cars are made stationary, both in action and with the assistance of temporal and material arrangements, the article engages the notion of infrastructuring to exemplify the practical normativity of temporal and spatial changes. The reinterpretation of infrastructuring helps to highlight its informal, situational and provisional aspects of infrastructure and practices that create and maintain it.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Mahua Biodiesel blends

The performance and emission characteristics of an engine that burns with Mahua biodiesel of 10%, 20% and 30% blends with diesel (on a volume basis) per unit area is investigated and compared with normal diesel fuel. The investigation is carried out to enhance the efficiency of the diesel fuel using biodiesel blends. The engine utilizes a direct injection system with a variable compression ratio. Also, the experiment was allotted with explicit injection temporal arrangement at 120 before the top dead center (BTDC) with the various compression ratios (air-fuel ratio) per unit area as 15:1, 16:1 and 17:1. Experiments were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 revolutions per minute. The results of the compression ratio relationship on brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emission characteristics have been investigated and associated. The mix blend 10 (B10) and the Compression ratio (CR) 17 are found to offer most mechanical efficiency at higher compression magnitude relations and it turns out to be 27.32%. Conjointly the Specific Fuel consumption (SFC) of mix B10 is found to be reduced in comparison to that of plain diesel. Emission parameters per unit area were analyzed with different various blends and different compression ratio relationships and compared with diesel fuel. The emission of Carbon monoxide oxides (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) were generated with a rise in mixing magnitude relation and compression magnitude relations of most loads. Conjointly carbon dioxide emissions were found to be more than in diesel. The engine performance was found to be optimal once persecution of B10 as fuel at a compression magnitude relation of 17:1 throughout full load condition is when made.

Пространственно-временной континуум романа М. А. Булгакова «Мастер и Маргарита» в испаноязычной рецепции (на материале монографии Б. С. Гиудиси Фернандес «Мастер и Маргарита: этический роман»)

The article considers approaches of the Spanish-speaking literary critics to analysing specificity of spatial and temporal arrangement of M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. For the first time the paper examines perception of Bulgakov’s spatial-temporal continuum by the Spanish-language literary criticism, which constitutes scientific originality of the research. The study is conducted by the material of the monograph by the Spanish writer B. S. Giudici Fernández “El Maestro y Margarita: Novela Ética” (“The Master and Margarita: Ethical Novel”). The findings indicate that in Giudici Fernández’s book, the category of time is considered in three aspects: real, psychological and atmospheric time. The category of space is analysed on the basis of the spatial oppositions “inside/outside”, “closed/open” and taking into account the notion of “positive” and “negative space”.

Временной компонент социального мифа как социообразующая структура

The paper aims to identify specificity of social structure transformation conditioned by changes in the temporal component of social mythology. The article analyzes temporal arrangement of a social myth in the situation of information redundancy, considers social practices transformation by separation of social groups from valuable meanings and behavioural strategies under temporally conditioned difficulties in developing meaningful mythological stories. The authors identify the role of rational public consciousness control through temporal localization of social myths. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researchers reveal influence of mythological time on social structure and its changes dynamics. The research findings are as follows: the authors justify importance of temporal orderliness of a social myth in the process of group and intergenerational differentiation.

Voice onset time and formant onset frequencies in Arabic stuttered speech

ABSTRACT Neuromuscular models of stuttering consider that making transitions between phones results in inappropriate temporal arrangements of articulators in people who stutter (PWS). Using this framework, the current study examined the acoustic productions of two fine-grained phonetic features: voice onset time (VOT) and second formant (F2). The hypotheses were that PWS should differ from fluent persons (FP) in VOT duration and F2 onset frequency as a result of the transition deficit for environments with complex phonetic features such as Arabic emphatics. Ten adolescent PWS and 10 adolescent FPs participated in the study. They read and memorized four monosyllabic plain-emphatic words silently. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVAs. The positive and negative VOT durations of/t/vs./tˁ/and/d/vs./dˁ/and F2 onset frequency were measured acoustically. Results showed that stuttering was significantly affected by emphatic consonants. PWS had atypical VOT durations and F2 values. Findings are consistent with the atypicality of VOT and F2 reported for English-speaking PWS. This atypicality is realized differently in Arabic depending on the articulatory complexity and cognitive load of the sound.

A thousand pleasures are not worth a single pain: The compensation argument for Schopenhauer's pessimism

AbstractPessimism is, roughly, the view that life is not worth living. In chapter 46 of the second volume of The World as Will and Representation, Arthur Schopenhauer provides an oft‐neglected argument for this view. The argument is that a life is worth living only if it does not contain any uncompensated evils; but since all our lives happen to contain such evils, none of them are worth living. The now standard interpretation of this argument (endorsed by Kuno Fischer and Christopher Janaway) proceeds from the claim that the value—or rather valuelessness—of life's goods makes compensation impossible. But this interpretation is neither philosophically attractive nor faithful to the text. In this article, I develop and defend an alternative interpretation (suggested by Wilhelm Windelband and Mark Migotti) according to which it is instead the actual temporal arrangement of life's goods and evils that makes compensation impossible.

Семиотика дня и ночи и концепция темпоральности в романе М. Ю. Лермонтова «Герой нашего времени»

The research objective includes analysing temporality conception in M. Y. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time”. The paper shows how re-semantization of the categories “day” and “night”, “morning” and “evening” causes time inversion. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that peculiarities of the novel’s temporal arrangement are correlated with H. Bergson’s conception of inner and outer time and J. Frank’s idea of “spatial form”. The conclusions are made that the author’s conception of inverted time is a key to understanding the protagonist’s worldview and behaviour.

Transitions between human functional brain networks reveal complex, cost-efficient and behaviorally-relevant temporal paths

Resting-state functional MRI activity is organized as a complex network. However, this coordinated brain activity changes with time, raising questions about its evolving temporal arrangement. Does the brain visit different configurations through time in a random or ordered way? Advances in this area depend on developing novel paradigms that would allow us to shed light on these issues. We here propose to study the temporal changes in the functional connectome by looking at transition graphs of network activity. Nodes of these graphs correspond to brief whole-brain connectivity patterns (or meta-states), and directed links to the temporal transition between consecutive meta-states. We applied this method to two datasets of healthy subjects (160 subjects and a replication sample of 54), and found that transition networks had several non-trivial properties, such as a heavy-tailed degree distribution, high clustering, and a modular organization. This organization was implemented at a low biological cost with a high cost-efficiency of the dynamics. Furthermore, characteristics of the subjects’ transition graphs, including global efficiency, local efficiency and their transition cost, were correlated with cognition and motor functioning. All these results were replicated in both datasets. We conclude that time-varying functional connectivity patterns of the brain in health progress in time in a highly organized and complex order, which is related to behavior.

Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains.

Intercropping, the simultaneous production of multiple crops on the same field, provides opportunities for the sustainable intensification of agriculture if it can provide a greater yield per unit land and fertilizer than sole crops. The worldwide absolute yield gain of intercropping as compared with sole crops has not been analysed. We therefore performed a global meta-analysis to quantify the effect of intercropping on the yield gain, exploring the effects of crop species combinations, temporal and spatial arrangements, and fertilizer input. We found that the absolute yield gains, compared with monocultures, were the greatest for mixtures of maize with short-grain cereals or legumes that had substantial temporal niche differentiation from maize, when grown with high nutrient inputs, and using multirow strips of each species. This approach, commonly practised in China, provided yield gains that were (in an absolute sense) about four times as large as those in another, low-input intercropping strategy, commonly practised outside China. The alternative intercropping strategy consisted of growing mixtures of short-stature crop species, often as full mixtures, with the same growing period and with low to moderate nutrient inputs. Both the low- and high-yield intercropping strategies saved 16-29% of the land and 19-36% of the fertilizer compared with monocultures grown under the same management as the intercrop. The two syndromes of production in intercropping uncovered by this meta-analysis show that intercropping offers opportunities for the sustainable intensification of both high- and low-input agriculture.

Tuning a Room: Designs for Hearing According to Nancy Tobin

In this review, I discuss the architectonics of sound composition according to sound artist and designer Nancy Tobin. This chapbook advocates for a comprehensively integrated presence of a sound artist in the processes of rehearsal and espouses a dramaturgy of hearing. Tobin’s distinction between hearing and listening gives forth onto a series of self-studies of her experience of spatial and temporal arrangements presented in the form of e-mails to mentees. Her appreciation for the acoustics of the performance space extends to the composition of sound to be heard (on occasion as boldly interventionist) and the technologies of broadcasting it: the choice and placement of speakers, as well as their interaction with the performers. Tobin argues for a definition of sound composition for performance as a complex collaboration with the production—curatorial in terms of the space of ephemerality. My review concurs with the efficacy of her approach by my recognition of the moments in productions that have remained as some of the most memorable of my theatregoing.

Transcriptome-Wide Profiling of Protein-RNA Interactions by Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation Mediated by FLAG-Biotin Tandem Purification.

RNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control multiple biological processes. The spatial and temporal arrangement of RNAs and RBPs underlies the delicate regulation of these processes. A strategy called CLIP-seq (cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) has been developed to capture endogenous protein-RNA interactions with UV cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation. Despite the wide use of conventional CLIP-seq method in RBP study, the CLIP method is limited by the availability of high-quality antibodies, potential contaminants from the copurified RBPs, requirement of isotope manipulation, and potential loss of information during a tedious experimental procedure. Here we describe a modified CLIP-seq method called FbioCLIP-seq using the FLAG-biotin tag tandem purification. Through tandem purification and stringent wash conditions, almost all the interacting RNA-binding proteins are removed. Thus, the RNAs interacting indirectly mediated by these copurified RBPs are also reduced. Our FbioCLIP-seq method allows efficient detection of direct protein-bound RNAs without SDS-PAGE and membrane transfer procedures in an isotope-free and protein-specific antibody-free manner.

Non-human animals detect the rhythmic structure of a familiar tune.

The musical motives of a song emerge from the temporal arrangement of discrete tones. These tones normally have few durational values, and are organized in structured groups to create metrical patterns. In the present study we show that the ability to detect the rhythmic structure of a song, while ignoring surface changes, is also present in other species. We familiarized rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an excerpt of the Happy Birthday song. During test, we presented the animals with (i) the same excerpt of the familiarization, (ii) a constant-pitch version of the excerpt that reduced melodic intervals to only one tone (i.e., isotonic) but preserved rhythmic structure, and (iii) a rhythmically scrambled version of the excerpt that preserved the melodic intervals. The animals discriminated the rhythmically scrambled version from the versions that preserved the original rhythm. This demonstrates that rats were sensitive to at least some parts of the rhythmic structure of the tune. Together with previous findings, the present set of results suggests that the emergence of rhythmic musical universals might be based on principles shared with other species.

Smart Detection of Fire Source in Tunnel Based on the Numerical Database and Artificial Intelligence

The fire event in a tunnel creates a rapid spread of heat and smoke flows in a long and confined space, which not only endangers human life but also challenges the fire-evacuation and firefighting strategies. A quick and accurate identification for the location and size of the original fire source is of great scientific and practical value in guiding fire rescue and fighting the tunnel fire. Nevertheless, it is a big challenge to acquire fire-source information in an actual tunnel fire event. In this study, the framework of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data is applied to predict the fire source in a numerical model of the tunnel. A big tunnel fire database of numerical simulations, with varying fire locations, fire sizes, and ventilation conditions, is constructed. Temporally varied temperatures measured by multiple sensor devices are used to train a long-short term memory recurrent neural network. Results demonstrate that the location and size of the tunnel fire and the ventilation wind speed can be predicted by the trained model with an accuracy of 90%. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to optimize the database configuration and spatial–temporal arrangement of sensors in order to achieve a fast and reliable fire prediction. This work addresses the possibility of AI-based detection and prediction of fire source and hazard, thus, providing scientifically based guidance for smart-firefighting technologies and paving the way for future emergency-response tactics in a smart city.

Deep Temporal Organization of fMRI Phase Synchrony Modes Promotes Large-Scale Disconnection in Schizophrenia.

Itinerant dynamics of the brain generates transient and recurrent spatiotemporal patterns in neuroimaging data. Characterizing metastable functional connectivity (FC) – particularly at rest and using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – has shaped the field of dynamic functional connectivity (DFC). Mainstream DFC research relies on (sliding window) correlations to identify recurrent FC patterns. Recently, functional relevance of the instantaneous phase synchrony (IPS) of fMRI signals has been revealed using imaging studies and computational models. In the present paper, we identify the repertoire of whole-brain inter-network IPS states at rest. Moreover, we uncover a hierarchy in the temporal organization of IPS modes. We hypothesize that connectivity disorder in schizophrenia (SZ) is related to the (deep) temporal arrangement of large-scale IPS modes. Hence, we analyze resting-state fMRI data from 68 healthy controls (HC) and 51 SZ patients. Seven resting-state networks (and their sub-components) are identified using spatial independent component analysis. IPS is computed between subject-specific network time courses, using analytic signals. The resultant phase coupling patterns, across time and subjects, are clustered into eight IPS states. Statistical tests show that the relative expression and mean lifetime of certain IPS states have been altered in SZ. Namely, patients spend (45%) less time in a globally coherent state and a subcortical-centered state, and (40%) more time in states reflecting anticoupling within the cognitive control network, compared to the HC. Moreover, the transition profile (between states) reveals a deep temporal structure, shaping two metastates with distinct phase synchrony profiles. A metastate is a collection of states such that within-metastate transitions are more probable than across. Remarkably, metastate occupation balance is altered in SZ, in favor of the less synchronous metastate that promotes disconnection across networks. Furthermore, the trajectory of IPS patterns is less efficient, less smooth, and more restricted in SZ subjects, compared to the HC. Finally, a regression analysis confirms the diagnostic value of the defined IPS measures for SZ identification, highlighting the distinctive role of metastate proportion. Our results suggest that the proposed IPS features may be used for classification studies and for characterizing phase synchrony modes in other (clinical) populations.