Tempered Carbon Steel Research Articles

On Corrosion Fatigue Mechanisms for S45C and SCM435 Steels in Rotating Bending

Morphology of surface damage and small cracks by the corrosion fatigue was studied for quenched and tempered carbon steel S45C and Cr-Mo steel SCM435 in a deionized water and 3%NaCl water environments under rotating bending at frequencies from 0.03 to 30 Hz. In saline water the fatigue strength of the two steels decreased monotonously with increasing number of cycles and testing time, while in the pure water a kind of temporal fatigue limit was observed for frequencies higher than 3 Hz. In the latter case fatigue crack was arrested by the closure effect of corrosion product for certain periods but this was diminished by dissolution after enough long test duration. A map of corrosion fatigue fracture mechanism was proposed based on the results of observation and analysis.

Recrystallization and grain growth in deformed and tempered carbon steels

The effects of cold work upon the further tempering characteristics of three carbon steels which had previously been quenched and tempered for a short period have been investigated. Recrystallization of the ferrite has been observed and with the low-carbon steel the ferrite grain size may become much larger than that found after direct tempering. Cold work also seems to increase the rate of Ostwald ripening of the cementite. The results obtained are discussed in relation to previous work on the role of dispersed phases upon recrystallization behaviour.

Surface Hardness and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Ion-Implanted Steels

The hardnesses of nitrogen-implanted steel surfaces have been measured with an abrasive wear technique capable of characterizing surface layers as thin as 25 nm. Treated steel disks and reference disks were abraded with 1–5 μm diamond, and relative wear resistances were calculated from the mass losses. Surface hardness was obtained from a relationship between wear resistance and hardness. The surface of a hardened and tempered carbon steel implanted with nitrogen ions (1017/cm2) was significantly harder than with other treatments including quench hardening and nitriding. The hardness decreased to the bulk value over a depth corresponding to the initial implantation depth. Nitorgen-implanted stainless-steel surfaces wore faster than un-implanted ones, possibly due to interference with transformation hardening which normally occurs during wearing. This “softening” effect persisted to depths several times the depth of implantation, and may help to explain the reduction of sliding wear produced by the implant...

Surface hardness and abrasive wear resistance of nitrogen-implanted steels

The hardness of nitrogen-implanted steel surfaces has been determined indirectly by a surface-sensitive abrasive wear technique using micrometer-size diamond particles. Wear rates were measured, as a function of depth, for implanted and unimplanted steel discs, and surface hardness was obtained from a verified relationship between wear rate and hardness. Tempered carbon steel implanted with nitrogen ions was significantly hardened to a depth commensurate with the implantation depth. Nitrogen-implanted 304 steel surfaces were softer than unimplanted ones, possibly due to interference with the work hardening which normally occurs during wearing. This softening effect persisted to depths several times the depth of implantaton. Composition-vs-depth profiles of implanted 304 steel obtained with Auger electron spectroscopy, indicated nitrogen migrated inward during wear.

Structure-property relationships in quenched and tempered carbon steels

Three carbon steels have been quenched, tempered, cold worked, and then retempered in order to produce microstructures consisting of ferrite grains with carbides at the ferrite grain boundaries or, in the low-carbon steel, large ferrite grains having carbides uniformly distributed within the grains. The microstructural parameters have been determined and related to the Vickers hardpess, the yield stress, and the flow stress at strains of up to 0.1. The results obtained have been analysed in terms of the Hall-Petch relationship to determine the influence of grain size and the Orowan-Ashby relationship to evaluate the influence of dispersed phases. It has been found that ferrite grain size is the major structural parameter controlling the mechanical properties.

Effect of Mean Stress on Axial Fatigue Process in Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steel

Effect of Mean Stress on Axial Fatigue Process in Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steel

BETHLEHEM RQC-90

Abstract BETHLEHEM RQC-90 is a roller quenched and tempered carbon steel with a 90,000 psi yield strength combined with good notch toughness and weldability. It is available in thicknesses through 11/2 inches. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-45. Producer or source: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Study on the Oil Tempered Carbon Steel Wire for Springs

Study on the Oil Tempered Carbon Steel Wire for Springs

USS CON-PAC

Abstract USS CON-PAC is a quenched and tempered carbon steel for constructional applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-249. Producer or source: United States Steel Corporation.

The abrasion resistance of some hardened and tempered carbon steels : J. Larsen-Badse, Trans. AIME, 236 (10) (1966) 1461–1466

The abrasion resistance of some hardened and tempered carbon steels : J. Larsen-Badse, Trans. AIME, 236 (10) (1966) 1461–1466

A fused quartz pendulum rod for clocks

The author discusses the possible causes of the progressively increasing losing-rate found in the going of the Shortt clock. He shows a design for the free pendulum suitable for use where the rod is made of fused quartz. He would prefer tempered carbon steel for the supporting springs.