Temperature Properties Research Articles

Double perovskite CaSrMSbO6(M = La, Gd, Y): Bi3+ phosphors for multifunctional application

Bi3+-doping luminescent materials have recently evoked considerable interest in versatile applications. In this work, we have developed a series of Bi3+-activated CaSrMSbO6(M = La, Gd, Y) phosphors with double perovskite structures, exhibiting blue emission from 350 nm to 500 nm. The emission spectral position and intensity of Bi3+ ions can be tuned by changing excitation wavelength and doping concentrations. The relationship between the local crystal field environment and the luminescence properties is comprehensively analyzed. Importantly, optical temperature properties of CaSrLaSbO6: Bi3+ were investigated and were found to reach a maximum relative sensitivity of 4.57 % K−1 at 298 K. Furthermore, the anti-counterfeiting ink was prepared using CaSrLaSbO6: Bi3+ phosphors, and it showed tunable emission under different light stimulation. These results indicate that CaSrLaSbO6: Bi3+ phosphors have application potential in optical temperature sensing and anti-counterfeiting.

Hydrogen-Induced Topotactic Phase Transformations of Cobaltite Thin Films.

Manipulating physical properties through ion migration in complex oxide thin films is an emerging research direction to achieve tunable materials for advanced applications. While the reduction of complex oxides has been widely reported, few reports exist on the modulation of physical properties through a direct hydrogenation process. Here, we report an unusual mechanism for hydrogen-induced topotactic phase transitions in perovskite La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 thin films. Hydrogenation is performed upon annealing in a pure hydrogen gas environment, offering a direct understanding of the role that hydrogen plays at the atomic scale in these transitions. Topotactic phase transformations from the perovskite (P) to hydrogenated-brownmillerite (H-BM) phase can be induced at temperatures as low as 220 °C, while at higher hydrogenation temperatures (320-400 °C), the progression toward more reduced phases is hindered. Density functional theory calculations suggest that hydroxyl bonds are formed with the introduction of hydrogen ions, which lower the formation energy of oxygen vacancies of the neighboring oxygen, enabling the transition from the P to H-BM phase at low temperatures. Furthermore, the impact on the magnetic and electronic properties of the hydrogenation temperature is investigated. Our research provides a potential pathway for utilizing hydrogen as a basis for low-temperature modulation of complex oxide thin films, with potential applications in neuromorphic computing.

Modeling and Simulation of the Aging Behavior of a Zinc Die Casting Alloy

While zinc die-casting alloy Zamak is widely used in vehicles and machines, its solidified state has yet to be thoroughly investigated experimentally or mathematically modeled. The material behavior is characterized by temperature and rate sensitivity, aging, and long-term influences under external loads. Thus, we model the thermo-mechanical behavior of Zamak in the solid state for a temperature range from −40 °C to 85 °C, and the aging state up to one year. The finite strain thermo-viscoplasticity model is derived from an extensive experimental campaign. This campaign involved tension, compression, and torsion tests at various temperatures and aging states. Furthermore, the thermo-physical properties of temperature- and aging-dependent heat capacity and heat conductivity are considered. One significant challenge is related to the multiplicative decompositions of the deformation gradient, which affects strain and stress measures relative to different intermediate configurations. The entire model is implemented into an implicit finite element program and validation examples at more complex parts are provided so that the predicability for complex parts is available, which has not been possible so far. Validation experiments using digital image correlation confirm the accuracy of the thermo-mechanically consistent constitutive equations for complex geometrical shapes. Moroever, validation measures are introduced and applied for a complex geometrical shape of a zinc die casting specimen. This provides a measure of the deformation state for complex components under real operating conditions.

Mathematical analysis for flow of hybrid nanofluid over a vertical stretchable surface: Assisting and opposing flows

Research Problem: The importance of improving the temperature properties of commonly used fluids in industrial processes is being addressed in this research. Nanofluids, which are composed of extremely small particles dispersed in common liquids such as water or petrol, are the main subject of this area of study. Using a vertically stretchable surface subjected to thermal radiation, the study examines the heat transfer behavior and efficiency of nanofluids. Methodology: Nanofluids that convey heat are studied by applying the fundamental rules of fluid physics to the variables that control their motion. To measure the amount of energy transferred, a nanofluid model is used. Similarity transformations are used to convert the system’s differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The subsequent set of nonlinear ODEs is solved using numerical methods. Utilizing graphical analysis, patterns of velocity and temperature may be seen, and their responses to changes in other parameters can be investigated. Implications: This research has important implications for our knowledge of how nanofluids act in heat transfer applications, especially when exposed to thermal radiation and working with vertically stretchy surfaces. The effects of flow direction and thermal conductivity on distributions of velocity and temperature were elucidated, among other important results. More effective heating and cooling systems may be possible as a result of these findings, which have consequences for improving heat transfer processes in industrial environments. Future Work: To better understand how nanofluids behave in heat transfer applications, future studies might investigate more complicated situations and boundary circumstances. It may be possible to optimize nanofluid formulations by studying the impact of various nanoparticle kinds and concentrations on heat transfer efficiency. Research could be more applicable to real-world industrial processes if the numerical results were experimentally validated.

Analysis of discharge parameters of an argon cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its impact on surface characteristics of White Grapes

An argon cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) jet operated using bipolar pulsed power supply has been characterised electro-optically and the discharge parameters are optimized. An analysis has been done on the impact of the argon CAP jet treatment on the surface properties of white grapes for different treatment time period. The developed argon CAP jet is a plasma source based on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that has been tuned at various input parameters including applied voltage, frequency, average power consumption, and argon flow rate. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the generated species along with plasma parameters. The collisional–radiative (CR) model is employed to extract the electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te) from the spectra at the optimised applied voltage of 4 kV, frequency 20 kHz and argon flow rate of 4 slpm. The OES results coupled with the CR model (ne ∼ 1014 cm−3 and Te ∼ 1 eV) and the plasma gas temperature measurement through OH (A-X) transitions (Tg ∼ 310.5 K) show the non-equilibrium nature of the argon CAP jet. A comparative analysis between untreated and treated white grapes reveals that the argon CAP jet treatment influences surface microstructure, increasing hydrophilicity (with a ∼49.3% decrease in water contact angle) along with slight changes in surface temperature (∼5 °C increase), colour (ΔE* < 1.5), and physiochemical properties such as chemical composition (no change) and Total Soluble Solid (TSS) content (∼8.3%). It is inferred that this type of CAP jet treatment of white grapes only affects the physical characteristics of the grape surface and does not alter any chemical compositions.

The study of temperature properties of I.H.P. structure and its application for filters on surface acoustic waves

The results of investigation of temperature properties of I.H.P.-structures on multilayer lithium tantalate/silicon dioxide film/silicon substrate used to improve the characteristics of surface acoustic wave devices are presented. Finite element modeling of the test structures was performed in COMSOL software and the temperature frequency coefficient was calculated. A comparison of the calculated transmission coefficient of a resonator filter on a conventional 36°YX-cut lithium tantalate monocrystal substrate and an I.H.P.-filter at different temperature values is presented. The possibility of minimizing the temperature coefficient of frequency by selecting the thickness of the substrate layers is shown. Comparison of the obtained results with the known data showed good agreement. The practical significance consists in the use of modeling results and calculated parameters in the development of various classes of devices on multilayer substrates, including those with I.H.P.-structures.

Prediction of temperature and structural properties of fibre-reinforced polymer laminates under simulated fire exposure using artificial neural networks

Load-bearing fibre reinforced polymer laminates soften and decompose when exposed to high temperature fire which may cause significant deformation and weakening, ultimately leading to failure. A combined experimental and modelling study is presented to predict the fire structural survivability of laminates using artificial neural networks based on machine learning. Multiple experimental fire-under-tension load tests are performed under identical conditions to determine the average values and scatter to the surface temperatures, deformation rates and rupture times for an E-glass/vinyl ester laminate. A data-driven modelling strategy based on artificial neural networks is presented that can predict the temperatures and fire structural properties for the laminate when subject to combined fire exposure and tension loading. It is shown that the model gives excellent agreement to the measured surface temperatures, deformations, and time-to-failure of the laminate when exposed to one-sided heating at a constant heat flux. It is envisioned that the ANN based model could be used to assess the fire structural survivability of load-bearing composite structures exposed to fire.

UV aging resistance improvement of SBS modified asphalt binder by organic layered double hydroxide and naphthenic oil: Its preparation, properties and mechanism

To enhance the UV aging resistance of SBS modified asphalt, LDHs and naphthenic oil were selected to modify it compositely. Firstly, organic treatment for LDHs was carried out through the combination of surface modification method and intercalation modification method to improve its compatibility with asphalt, and effectiveness of organic treatment was evaluated through the microscopic testing methods. Then, organic LDHs/SBS modified asphalt binders were developed by melt blending method, on this basis, appropriate naphthenic oil was added for composite modification. Subsequently, the conventional physical properties, storage stability and rheological properties tests were carried out to evaluate the comprehensive properties of the prepared modified asphalt containing LDHs and naphthenic oil. On this basis, TOPSIS method was conducted for multi-index optimization to determine the optimal dosages of LDHs and naphthenic oil. Finally, UV aging resistance of the developed modified asphalt was also evaluated, and reaction mechanism was explored with FTIR and FM. Test results show that stearic acid (SA) was successfully absorbed on the surface of LDHs, and -SO32- in ultraviolet light absorber (UVT) has successfully entered the interlayer galleries of LDHs, thus achieving the organic treatment for LDHs. Organic LDHs can significantly improve the high temperature properties and storage stability of SBS modified asphalt, and naphthenic oil can also improve the storage stability of SBS modified asphalt at the proper dosage. In addition, the two modifiers can both effectively improve the UV aging resistance of SBS modified asphalt. Based on the multi-index optimization results, it is recommended that the optimal dosages of LDHs and naphthenic oil are 2 % and 2.5 %, respectively, and at this conditions, comprehensive properties of the prepared modified asphalt can achieve the best. Microstructure characterization tests results reveal that LDHs and naphthenic oil are only simply dispersed in asphalt and do not cause the structural damage of SBS modified asphalt. Meanwhile, the special layered structure of LDHs can hinder the mobility of asphalt molecular chains, which enhances the interaction force between asphalt molecular chains and SBS modifier molecular chains, thus improving the road properties of SBS modified asphalt.

Green Space Cooling Effect and Relation to Mitigate Surface Urban Heat Island Effect of Metropolitans Cities of India

Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to study vegetation's spatial distribution. However, MODIS thermal bands were employed to analyse Land Surface Temperature (LST) and city thermal properties. The findings show that 15.97% of Lucknow's total area is classified as a High potential SUHI zone, compared to 29.41%, classified as a Low potential SUHI zone. Jaipur has two possible SUHI zones: a high potential zone (12.69%) and a low potential zone (30.45%). In contrast, Ahmedabad exhibits an 18.37 per cent High potential SUHI Zone and a 27.62 per cent low potential SUHI Zone. Delhi exhibits a 14.98 per cent High potential SUHI Zone but is significantly higher at 39.97 per cent Low potential SUHI Zone. Analysis of LST distribution reveals correlations with vegetation cover, with areas abundant in greenery experiencing lower temperatures. This study emphasizes how crucial green infrastructure is to urban planning to improve thermal comfort in fast-urbanizing areas and reduce the negative consequences of urban heat islands.

Optimized magnetic properties of a Terfenol-D alloy in an extended temperature range using a high magnetic field

Tb–Dy–Fe alloys are among the most suitable magnetostrictive materials for high-power transducers. Optimizing magnetic properties in an extended temperature range could ensure the stable operation of transducers. In this work, a high magnetic field is applied to the directional solidification of Tb–Dy–Fe alloys. We study the microstructure, crystallographic orientation, magnetic susceptibility, crystal structure, and magnetic domain of samples. When the content and alignment of the magnetic phase along with crystallographic orientation remain basically invariant, the magnetic susceptibility of samples increases with the magnetic flux density of the high magnetic field throughout the temperature range from 273 K to Curie temperature (T C). At 4 T, the maximum magnetic susceptibility is increased by ∼ 40% compared with the sample without a high magnetic field applied, and the advantage is maintained in the range ∼ 300 K. Analysis shows that the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility is not due to the change in crystal structure, as commonly believed, but to the highly ordered alignment of magnetic domains. This research provides a new method for improving the temperature properties of magnetic materials using a high magnetic field.

Net Primary Production of Steppe Ecosystems and the Reasons for its Spatial Variability

The purpose of the article is to analyze the values change of net primary production: aboveground (ANP), belowground (BNP) and total (NPP) for meadow, true and dry steppes. The investigated meadow and true steppes are located between 36 and 116° E, 47 and 56° N. In Tyva, the production of dry steppes is determined on various elements of the relief – from the upper part of the mountain to the depressions located in the bottom of the slope. The value of ANP in the meadow steppes varies from west to east from 10.2 to 3.1, in the true steppes from 5.8 to 0.7 t/ha per year and depends on many factors, including air temperature, precipitation, and soil properties. The soil properties are defined by a set of conditions: the position of the ecosystem on the relief, which leads to different soil moisture. Both, the meadow and true steppes, have irregularities in the decrease of the ANP value from west to east. In some cases, in a series of meadow steppes instead of a decrease, an increase of ANP is observed, which is explaining by changes in soil conditions. The first increase from 4.8 (63° E) to 6.1 t/ha per year (73° E) occurs when Luvic Chernozem (Loamic) is replaced by Inclinigleyic Chernozem (Loamic), as a result of additional soil moistening. The second increase of ANP from 3.6 (75° E) to 6.6 t/ha per year (90° E) is observed when the soil changes from Tonguic Chernozem (Siltic) to Haplic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic). The increases of ANP were observed in the true steppes: 1) when Skeletic Kastanozem (Siltic) changed to Calcic Chernozem (Siltic), 2) when Haplic Solonetz (Loamic) changed to Calcic Chernozem (Loamic), 3) when soil changes from Mollic Leptosol (Siltic) to Calcic Chernozem (Siltic). The value of BNP in meadow and true steppes in the soil layer of 0–30 cm generally decreases from west to east from 26.8 to 7.7 t/ha per year, varying without a visible pattern. In Tyva, due to the change in the relief, ANP of dry steppes varies from 3.7 to 1.7, BNP – from 27.0 to 8.7 t/ha per year. Consequently, the amount of aboveground production of grass ecosystems is determined not only by air temperature and precipitation, but also by the properties of soils, which vary in structure, Corg content, nutrients, and watering.

Molecular dynamics simulations of the micro mechanism of functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes modified epoxy resin adhesives

AbstractThe bonding interface of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP)‐reinforced steel structure is a weak part, and nanomaterial‐modified adhesives are expected to improve its comprehensive performance. This paper investigates the micro‐modification mechanisms of nanomaterials on epoxy resin adhesives using molecular dynamics simulation method. It explores how the functionalized nano SiO2 and carbon nanotubes affects the thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin adhesive. The models established using Materials Studio software include the pure epoxy resin adhesive model (EP) with varying degrees of crosslinking, the functionalized nano‐SiO2‐modified epoxy resin adhesive model (EP + SiO2/OH), the single‐walled carbon nanotube‐modified epoxy resin adhesive model (EP + SWNT), and the synergistic enhancements model of the epoxy resin adhesive with nano‐SiO2 and carbon nanotubes (EP + SWNT + SiO2/OH). Based on the aforementioned models, the Forcite module is used to calculate the free volume, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the adhesive. The results show that the degree of crosslinking effects significantly the mechanical performance of epoxy resin adhesive. A high degree of crosslinking restricts the movement of the molecular chain, enhancing the strength of the epoxy resin adhesive. Furthermore, the trend of the mechanical and thermal properties of the four models remains constant with the rise of temperature, and the properties decrease most significantly in the range of the glass transition temperature. Moreover, the epoxy resin adhesive doped with nanomaterials exhibits varying degrees of enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties. The epoxy resin adhesive reinforced with functionalized nano‐SiO2 and carbon nanotubes exhibits better properties compared to those with a single nanomaterial.Highlights The micro‐modification mechanism is revealed for nanomaterial modified epoxy resin adhesive. The degree of crosslinking effects significantly the mechanical performance of epoxy resin adhesive. The epoxy resin adhesive doped with nanomaterials exhibits varying degrees of enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties.

Steel–Steel Laminates Manufactured via Accumulative Roll Bonding

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is a repeated cladding process in which two or more sheets of material are joined together by rolling at temperatures below recrystallization. The present review is focused on ARB of high‐alloy steels, which, among other laminated metal composites (LMCs), deliver the highest mechanical properties. After a brief description of high‐strength steels, history, and state of the art of LMCs, the principal roll bonding mechanism is explained. Further, the methodology of ARB of steels and variable parameters (stacking, temperature, etc.) are discussed. Known examples of steel–steel laminates are summarized with respect to their rolling temperature and mechanical properties. Further, the main toughening mechanisms of steel‐based LMCs are listed. The most promising candidates of high‐alloy steel laminates are presented in more detail. The important deformation mechanisms of twinning‐ and transformation‐induced plasticity (TWIP and TRIP) high‐alloy steels are explained. Microstructural changes and layer bonding as well as mechanical properties and damage behavior of two‐ and four‐layered TRIP/TWIP steel laminates are illustrated, including some specific phenomena, such as deformation lenses. Finally, by summarizing the analyzed data on steel laminates, conclusions and outlook are formulated.

Microplasma-assisted synthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles and their biological activities

Chromium oxide nanoparticles are of significant interest and are widely used in numerous applications due to their exclusive physicochemical properties, including wide bandgap, increased stability, high melting temperature, and antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this study, the atmospheric pressure microplasma technique is used to synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles by changing the precursor concentration (10, 15, and 20 mM). The nanoparticles are characterized by numerous techniques, including XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, RAMAN Spectroscopy, and antibacterial and antifungal activities. It is observed in XRD analysis that different phases of chromium oxide nanoparticles, Cr2O3 and CrO2, can be attained when the precursor concentration is changed. As a result, their efficiency can be tuned to different applications. The UV visible results depict that the band gap is reduced by increasing the precursor concentration (Cr(NO3)3.9H2O). The FTIR analysis is used to determine the surface functional groups of synthesized nanomaterials. Our results demonstrate the potential of chromium oxide nanoparticles as effective antibacterial and antifungal agents. Specifically, we found that these nanoparticles exhibit a strong antibacterial impact on gram-negative bacteria and a reasonable effect on gram-positive bacteria under some synthesis conditions. Moreover, they depict significant anti-fungal activity against two pathogenic fungus species, Penicillin Digitatum, and Rhizopus stolonifers. These promising findings, particularly for nanoparticles prepared at the concentration of 10 mM precursor with the Cr2O3 phase, reveal that these nanoparticles can be used efficiently for antibacterial (particularly gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal activities.

The effect of differing Y concentrations on the evolution of the structure and mechanical properties of FeCrAl alloy

The influence of different Y concentrations on the evolution of the structural and mechanical properties of FeCrAl alloys is investigated in this work. The ingot casting process was used to produce alloys with Y mass fractions of 0%, 0.03%, and 0.25%, respectively. They were then annealed for 15 min at 850°C, 950°C, and 1050°C before being quenched by water to room temperature. Microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed using OM, EPMA, EBSD, and tensile tests. The addition of 0.03% Y to FeCrAl alloy and annealing at 850°C resulted in the greatest overall performance of the alloy. This had a tensile strength of 635.62 MPa, yield strength of 465.48 MPa, and elongation of 27.04%. With an increase in Y concentration or annealing temperature, the tensile, yield, and elongation properties decrease. This phenomenon can be attributed to the incorporation of Y, which creates a fine Y-rich second phase in the alloy. These phases act as heterogeneous nuclei, pinning the grains during solidification, effectively reducing grain growth and refining the grains. Grain refinement and an increase in the number of grain boundaries hinder dislocation movement, thereby enhancing the alloy's tensile and yield strength. Simultaneously, this prevents the disappearance of α-fiber textures and the creation of γ-fiber textures during recrystallization and reduces the strength of the γ-fiber textures in the alloy microstructure. However, as the annealing temperature increases, microstructure grain growth and the number of grain boundaries decrease. Moreover, higher Y concentrations result in the formation of large, striated Fe-Y phases, which impair the forming properties of the alloy and consequently reduce its tensile properties. Therefore, future research should focus on effectively avoiding the formation of coarse second phases in the microstructure of FeCrAl alloy to enhance its overall performance.

Multi-scale microstructure and its synergetic strengthening effect in stress rupture life of Inconel 718 fabricated by high-deposition-rate laser directed energy deposition

Superior elevated temperature properties are critical for the application of Inconel 718 in hot-end components. The utilization of high-deposition-rate laser directed energy deposition (HDR-LDED) increases the microstructural diversity of Inconel 718, which accordingly provides more opportunities for properties improvement. Herein, Inconel 718 alloy with a multi-scale microstructure were fabricated by HDR-LDED followed by customized heat treatment. The coarser columnar grains (width ∼300 μm) were obtained with γ" phase (diameter ∼33.74 nm and volume fraction ∼15.16 %) distributed homogeneously in the grain and the fine Laves phases (length ∼3.69 μm; width ∼1.94 μm; aspect ratio ∼1.99 and volume fraction ∼1.55 %) in the inter-dendritic region. This multi-scale microstructure possesses an excellent stress rupture life of 342.9 h with the elongation of 13 % at 650 °C, which far exceeds that of the forging (106 h, 4.2 %), It is attributed to the reduced number of transverse grain boundaries, the finer Laves phase accommodating many dislocations, and γ" phase promoting the formation of stacking faults, Lomer-Cottrell locks and nanotwins. The findings demonstrate the great potential of additively manufactured microstructure in properties enhancement, and may be enlightening for the development of novel customized high-temperature alloys.

An Investigation on the Effect of TiC Additive on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Temperature ZrB2-SiC-Based Ceramic Composite by Multi-Step Spark Plasma Sintering Method

An Investigation on the Effect of TiC Additive on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Temperature ZrB2-SiC-Based Ceramic Composite by Multi-Step Spark Plasma Sintering Method

Targeted nano-energetic material exploration through active learning algorithm implementation

This paper presents an active learning-based method designed to guide experiments towards user-defined specific regions, termed ”regions of interest,” within vast and multi-dimensional thermite design spaces. Thermites composed of metallic reactant coupled to an inorganic oxidizer are non-explosive energetic materials which stay inert and stable until subjected to a sufficiently strong thermal stimulus, after which they undergo fast burning with release of high amount of chemical energy (up to 16 kJ.cm−3). They represent an interesting class of nano-engineered energetic material because of their high adiabatic flame temperature (> 2600 °C) and customizable combustion properties. We introduced a new acquisition function combining linearly two factors with the usual standard deviation of a Gaussian Process Regression algorithm. A first factor guides the sampling towards the defined zone of interest, and a second, is an incentive function that encourages the exploration of under-sampled regions of the design space. We found that our algorithm effectively provides up to several tens of nanothermites that achieve specific desired properties well-distributed within the design space, after only 200 samplings, whereas, Latin Hypercube Sampling procedure samples less than 10 points of interest. Our framework is tailored for typical discrete search spaces involving multiple measured physical properties and when only a small dataset is available, as it is the case in thermite materials. But more generally, this research represents a significant advancement for large-scale problems in energetic materials science and engineering, where predicting the effect of feature modification is desired but limited simulations or experiments can be afforded due to their high cost.

Effect of Cold Rolling on the Microstructure and High Temperature Properties of 310S Heat-resistant Steel

Abstract The microstructure and high temperature properties of 310S heat-resistant steel were investigated before and after cold rolling with a deformation rate of 10% by using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and tensile testing machine.The results showed that the microstructure of 310S heat-resistant steel remains unchanged with no formation of any new phase observed after cold rolling. The hardness is enhanced from 305.4HV prior to cold rolling to 321.6HV post cold rolling, exhibiting an augmentation of 16.2HV. The 310S heat-resistant steel is carried out a cold-rolling process with a deformation of 10% in the room temperature tensile test. The tensile strength exhibits an increase from 776.6MPa to 806.3MPa, with a difference of 29.7MPa.The yield strength has experienced a significant increase, from 554.4MPa to 679.6MPa, representing a substantial increment of 125.2MPa.The elongation decreased by 20.2%, from 61.9% to 41.7%, after cold rolling. The 310S heat-resistant steel with 0% deformation appears superplasticity at 750°C. The elongation rate reaches 113.1%. The 310S heat-resistant steel with 0% deformation appears fracture oxidation at 800°C. In the process of 700°C to 800°C, the tensile strength of 310S heat-resistant steel with 0% deformation is reduced by 101.9MPa, and the tensile strength of 310S heat-resistant steel with 10% deformation is reduced by 90.9MPa.

Impact of seawater temperature and physical-chemical properties on sorption of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides to marine particles

Pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides enter the environment via wastewater from urban, domestic, and industrial areas, in addition to sewage, aquaculture and agriculture runoff. While some of these compounds are easily degradable in environmental conditions, others are more persistent, meaning they are less easily degraded and can stay in the environment for long periods of time. By exploring the adsorptive properties of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides onto particles relevant for marine conditions, we can better understand their environmental behaviour and transport potential. Here, the sorption of 27 such compounds to inorganic (kaolin) and biotic (the microalgae Cryptomonas baltica) marine particles was investigated. Only two compounds sorbed to microalgae, while 23 sorbed to kaolin. The sorption mechanisms between select pharmaceuticals and stimulants and kaolin was assessed through exploring adsorption kinetics (caffeine, ciprofloxacin, citalopram, fluoxetine, and oxolinic acid) and isotherms (ciprofloxacin, citalopram, and fluoxetine). Temperature was shown to have a significant impact on partitioning, and the impact was more pronounced closer to maximum sorption capacity for the individual compounds.