Solution Temperature Research Articles

Physiochemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite adsorbents from chicken and camel bone waste for removing Cd and Pb ions from polluted water

The utilization of waste resources to synthesize functional materials is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable development. In this context, the current investigation aims to develop a new material using waste chicken and camel bones as adsorbents for the removal of Pb2+ and Cd2 from polluted water. The Hydroxyapatite (HA) adsorbents of chicken (HB) and camel (CB) bones were prepared via chemical treatment with NaOH, HNO3, H2O2, and ethanol, and also those followed by carbonization. The physicochemical and microscopic characteristics of the adsorbents were analyzed via SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and BET surface area analyses. Adsorption studies of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were performed in a batch style that included initial metal concentration, pH, pHpzc, solution temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The results revealed that the bone chemically activated with 0.1 M NaOH had greater adsorption of Cd2+ ion (99.7% for HB and 99.89% for CB) and Pb2+ ions (99.85% for HB and 99.79% for CB) than the other activators did. Adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamic models have been used to confirm the fit conditions that improve the adsorption technique. Maximum adsorption removal percentages for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were obtained under constant operation conditions (initial metal concentration 10 ppm, pH 6, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, contact time 30 min and solution temperature 328 K. Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ obeyed a pseudo-second-order model and fit well with the Langmuir isotherm.The metals adsorption using the prepared adsorbent was a spontaneous and exothermic process. Overall, the prepared adsorbents from chicken and camel bone waste are highly effective and promising as low-cost materials for the remediation of heavy metals-contaminated waters.

When a Small Amount of Comonomer Is Enough: Tailoring the Critical Solution Temperature of LCST-Type Thermoresponsive Random Copolymers by PEG Methyl Ether Methacrylate with 1100 g/mol Molecular Weight

Tuning the critical solution temperature (CST) of thermoresponsive polymers is essential to exploit their immense potential in various applications. In the present study, the effect of PEG-methyl ether methacrylate with a higher molecular weight of 1100 g/mol (mPEGMA1100) as a comonomer was investigated for its suitability for the CST adjustment of LCST-type polymers. Accordingly, a library of mPEGMA1100-based copolymers was established with varying compositions (XmPEGMA1100) using four main comonomers, namely di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate, N-isopropyl acrylamide and methacrylamide, and mPEGMA300, with different CST values (cloud points, TCP, and clearing points, TCL, by turbidimetry). It was found that less than 20 mol% of the mPEGMA1100 in the copolymers is practically sufficient for tuning the CST in the entire measurable temperature range, i.e., up to 100 °C, regardless of the CST of the homopolymer of the main comonomer (CST0). Moreover, a predictive asymptotic model was developed based on the measured CST values, which strikingly revealed that the CSTs of mPEGMA1100-containing copolymers depend only on the two main parameters of these copolymers, XmPEGMA1100 and the CST of the homopolymer of the main comonomer (CST0), that is, CST = f(CST0, XmPEGMA1100). The revealed two-parameter relationship defines a surface in 3D plotting, and it is applicable to determine the CST of copolymers in advance for a given composition or to define the suitable composition for a required CST value. These unprecedented results on the dependence of CSTs on two major well-defined parameters enable to design a variety of novel macromolecular structures with tailored thermoresponsive properties.

The Synthesis of Functionalized W5O14 Nanorods for the Adsorption of Bismarck Brown R from Wastewater

In this research, a tungsten oxide was prepared via a green (biogenic) synthesis route where sodium tungstate dihydrate and Punica granatum peel extract were used as a precursor and a reducing/capping agent, respectively. The characterization of the prepared tungsten oxide was performed through various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The characterization results revealed the preparation of highly crystalline and nanorod-shaped (length = 123 nm and width = 31.3 nm) tungsten oxide with a probable chemical formula of W5O14. Various functional groups on the W5O14 surface were also reported. The prepared nanorods were further used for the removal of Bismarck Brown R (BBR) dye from water in a batch manner. By varying the dose of nanorods (0.5–3.0 g L−1), BBR solution pH (2−10), contact time (15–120 min), BBR concentration in solution (10–60 mg L−1), and temperature of BBR solution (30, 40, and 50 °C), the optimized condition for maximum adsorption efficiency was measured. The results revealed that 2.0 g L−1 amount of nanorods of tungsten oxide were used to remove ~98% of BBR dye from its 10 mg L−1 at 30 °C and 7.0 pH. The temperature-dependent adsorption data were fitted to different types of non-linear isotherm models (e.g., Langmuir and Freundlich) to assess the adsorption potential and adsorption mechanisms in relation to temperature impacts. The synthesized nano-adsorbent fits the Langmuir as well as the Freundlich isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.84 mg g−1. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were used for the study of adsorption kinetics. BBR adsorption onto the W5O14 nanorods follows the pseudo-second-order rates. The present adsorption is governed by physico-chemical adsorption with predominant chemical interactions.

Benchmarking residue-resolution protein coarse-grained models for simulations of biomolecular condensates.

Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and nucleic acids is a fundamental mechanism by which cells compartmentalize their components and perform essential biological functions. Molecular simulations play a crucial role in providing microscopic insights into the physicochemical processes driving this phenomenon. In this study, we systematically compare six state-of-the-art sequence-dependent residue-resolution models to evaluate their performance in reproducing the phase behaviour and material properties of condensates formed by seven variants of the low-complexity domain (LCD) of the hnRNPA1 protein (A1-LCD)-a protein implicated in the pathological liquid-to-solid transition of stress granules. Specifically, we assess the HPS, HPS-cation-π, HPS-Urry, CALVADOS2, Mpipi, and Mpipi-Recharged models in their predictions of the condensate saturation concentration, critical solution temperature, and condensate viscosity of the A1-LCD variants. Our analyses demonstrate that, among the tested models, Mpipi, Mpipi-Recharged, and CALVADOS2 provide accurate descriptions of the critical solution temperatures and saturation concentrations for the multiple A1-LCD variants tested. Regarding the prediction of material properties for condensates of A1-LCD and its variants, Mpipi-Recharged stands out as the most reliable model. Overall, this study benchmarks a range of residue-resolution coarse-grained models for the study of the thermodynamic stability and material properties of condensates and establishes a direct link between their performance and the ranking of intermolecular interactions these models consider.

Protection of Enzymes Against Heat Inactivation by Enzyme-Polymer Conjugates.

Along with the quick advancements in enzyme technology, inactivation has emerged as the key barrier for enzymes to be fully utilized as biocatalysts. Here, a novel strategy is presented for the preservation of the enzymatic activity even after heat treatment by grafting enzymes onto the thermal responsive block copolymer via an activated ester-amine reaction. A new water-soluble activated ester monomer, acrylic polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized 3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoate is synthesized. This activated ester monomer and 2-methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate (MEEMA) as copolymer monomers are first used to synthesize water-soluble polymers bearing activated ester for post-polymerization modification with amines. Two model enzymes containing amine residues, urease, and papain, are grafted onto the resulting thermal responsive polymers to obtain PMEEMA-co-Enzyme, respectively. The obtained particles of polymer-enzyme conjugates flocculate above the low critical solution temperature (LCST)and redissolve when cooled below that temperature. The activity of the conjugated enzymes has been studied after high temperatures treatment and compared to that of free enzymes. The enzymatic activity assays show that the thermosensitive polymer can act as a stabilizer under high-temperature conditions after multipoint grafting with the enzyme, thus protecting the enzyme from thermal inactivation.

Modeling and Elucidating the Behavior of a Thermoresponsive LCST Ionic Liquid.

Desalination of seawater by forward osmosis is a technology potentially able to address the global water scarcity problem. The major challenge limiting its widespread practical application is the design of a draw solute that can be separated from water by an energetically efficient process and then reused for the next cycle. Recent experiments demonstrate that a promising draw solute for forward-osmosis desalination is tetrabutylphosphonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate ([P4444][TMBS]). When mixed with water, this ionic liquid (IL) is thermoresponsive and exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), above which it phase-separates into an IL-rich phase and a water-rich phase. Elucidating the physical mechanism of the liquid-liquid phase separation, as well as rationally designing optimized derivatives, necessitates an accurate model to describe this and related ILs. In this paper, we resort to explicit-solvent all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and adopt AMBER-based force-field parameters for the cation whose partial charges were assigned by the RESP fitting procedure. Utilizing the same methodology, we parametrize the anion. The simulations' results indicate the IL/water mixture, at the experimental critical composition, can unambiguously phase-separate only when the partial charges of the ions are scaled down. Nevertheless, the best-performing charge scaling factor is found to be 0.95, a value much milder than those reported for ILs in neat phases. This can be explained by a diminished charge transfer, or induced dipoles, within the ions when the IL is in a mixture with water. With this charge scaling, the simulations reproduce well the LCST composition-temperature phase diagram, albeit overestimation of the critical temperature by 10 K. In particular, very good agreement is obtained for the composition of the two segregated phases. Estimation of viscosity points to IL/water mixture that is almost twice as viscous in simulations than that reported experimentally. Furthermore, we analyze changes in energy between different components in the mixture and find that the driving force for phase separation is, at least, enthalpic. Structural analyses of the ions and their interactions with water molecules corroborate the importance of the latter in mediating structural organizations of the anions, as well as in strengthening the interactions between the cations.

Effect of Polymer Network Architecture on Adsorption Kinetics at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: A Comparison Between Poly(NIPAM-co-AA) Copolymer Microgels and Interpenetrating Network Microgels

Understanding the adsorption features of polymer microgels with different chemical compositions and structures is crucial in studying the mechanisms of respective emulsion stabilization. Specifically, the use of stimuli-responsive particles can introduce new properties and broaden the application range of such complex systems. Recently, we demonstrated that emulsions stabilized by microgels composed of interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) exhibit higher colloidal stability upon heating compared to PNIPAM homopolymer and other relevant PNIPAM-based copolymer counterparts. In the present work, using pendant drop tensiometry, we studied the evolution of water–tetradecane interfacial tension during the adsorption of PNIPAM-PAA IPN particles, comparing them with single-network P-(NIPAM-co-AA) and PNIPAM microgels. The results showed that, despite having the same chemical composition, copolymer particles exhibit completely different adsorption behavior in comparison to other microgel architectures. The observed disparity can be attributed to the nonuniform distribution of charged acrylic acid groups within the P-(NIPAM-co-AA) network obtained through precipitation polymerization. Oppositely, the presence of IPN architecture provides a uniform distribution of different monomers inside respective microgels. Additionally, hydrogen bonding between PNIPAM and PAA subchains appears to reduce the electrostatic energy barrier, enhancing the ability of IPN particles to successfully cover the liquid interface. Overall, our findings confirm the efficiency of using PNIPAM-PAA IPN microgels for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions and their stability, even when the temperature rises above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM.

The molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent phase separation of heat shock factor 1.

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the critical orchestrator of cell responses to heat shock, and its dysfunction is linked to various diseases. HSF1 undergoes phase separation upon heat shock, and its activity is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The molecular details underlying HSF1 phase separation, temperature sensing and PTM regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that HSF1 exhibits temperature-dependent phase separation with a lower critical solution temperature behavior, providing a new conceptual mechanism accounting for HSF1 activation. We revealed the residue-level molecular details of the interactions driving the phase separation of wild-type HSF1 and its distinct PTM patterns at various temperatures. The mapped interfaces were validated experimentally and accounted for the reported HSF1 functions. Importantly, the molecular grammar of temperature-dependent HSF1 phase separation is species specific and physiologically relevant. These findings delineate a chemical code that integrates accurate phase separation with physiological body temperature control in animals.

Influence of Graphene Oxide on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Nafion® Membranes.

This study explored the influence of graphene oxide (GO) on morphological and mechanical properties of Nafion® 115 membranes with the objective of enhancing the mechanical properties of the most widely employed membrane in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE) applications. The membrane surface was modified by ultrasonically spraying a GO solution and different annealing temperatures were tested. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) cross-sectional images revealed that annealing the composite membranes was sufficient to favor an interaction between the graphene oxide and the surface of the Nafion® membranes. The GO covering only 35% of the membrane surface increased the composite's wettability from hydrophobic (105.2°) to a highly hydrophilic angle (84.4°) while slightly reducing membrane swelling. Tensile tests depicted an increase in both the strain levels and tensile loads before breaking. The samples with GO presented remarkable mechanical properties when the annealing time and temperature increased; while the Nafion® control samples failed at elongations of 95% and 98%, their counterparts with GO on the surface achieved elongations of 248% and 191% when annealed at 80 °C and 110 °C respectively, demonstrating that the presence of GO mechanically stabilizes the membranes under tension. In exchange, the presence of GO altered the smoothness of the membrane surface going from an average 1.4 nm before the printing to values ranging from 8.4 to 10.2 nm depending on the annealing conditions which could affect the quality of the subsequent catalyst layer printing. Overall, the polymer's electrical insulation was unaffected, making the Nafion®-GO blend a more robust material than those traditionally used.

The accurate determination of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) removal efficiency by integrated-sonochemical system.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the most investigated Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for being the strongest compound to eliminate and having adverse health concerns. In this work, we have conducted the sonochemical treatment of PFOS simulated water under high (500kHz) and low (22kHz) frequencies while monitoring the operational parameters via an integrated sonochemical system. The integrated advanced sonochemical system includes software to monitor treatment power, solution temperature and frequency while allowing distinctive control of the reaction conditions. Considering the lack of calorimetric measurements in earlier studies and the difficulty in achieving comparative outcomes, precise calorimetric measurements and determination of electrical energy per order (EEO) were performed in this study. The complete PFOS removal was achieved under 500kHz frequency with optimum parameters including initial pollutant concentration (5mg/L), ultrasound power density (400W/L) and solution temperature (25°C) within 180min of treatment. The removal and mineralization extents (defluorination) were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ion-chromatography (IC) analysis. Under optimum conditions, 100% removal and 99% mineralization were achieved. The rate constant (k) ranged from 0.011 to 0.031 min-1 (first-order reaction), which increased with the increase in the power density. While the solution temperature did not significantly affect the PFOS removal efficiency, the initial concentration was found to have a prominent effect on the reaction rate constant. However, experiments at low frequency (22kHz) showed negligible removal efficiency. The specific energy requirement for reaching 90% removal while considering the power consumed by the ultrasonic system from the main electrical source was determined to be 700 kWh/m3, which is much lower than other reported work under similar conditions. This work will be useful for both laboratory and industrial upscaling while acting as a benchmark reference to follow.

Solution Temperature Compensation Factor for the Measured pH Value of Cement‐Based Materials

Most of the conventional pH measurements were carried out in acidic to slightly alkaline solutions. In this pH range, the effect of temperature during the measurement is negligible and can be ignored. However, the pH value for highly alkaline solutions is considerably sensitive to their temperature change. A slight difference in temperature can affect the accuracy of the pH test result. Cement‐based materials (CBMs) are highly alkaline. The influence of temperature shall be minimised to compare the pH values of different CBMs precisely. In the literature related to pH measurement for CBMs, the solution temperature during the pH measurement was not recorded, whilst the room temperature recorded was in the range of 20°C–30°C. Therefore, solution temperature compensation (STC) shall be introduced into the pH measurement for CBMs to convert the measured pH into the pH value at a reference temperature of 25°C. To this end, firstly, the pH–temperature profile of the solutions was generated to identify the STC factor (fSTC, also known as solution temperature coefficient). Then, the solution temperature‐compensated pH (pHSTC) was calculated using fSTC to present the pH value in the reference temperature of 25°C. However, no standardised method exists for the generation of this pH–temperature profile. In this study, a simple method for generating pH–temperature profile and calculating pHSTC for CBMs was introduced.

Influence of deformation temperature on flow stress and dynamic metallurgical phenomena in Al–5.81Zn–1.65Mg alloy subjected to thermomechanical processing

To advance the T5 treatment process for Al–5.81Zn–1.65Mg alloys, this study explored the influence of deformation temperature on the solution temperature, ultrafine grain (UFG) formation via dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and strain-induced dynamic precipitation (SIDP) during thermomechanical processing at 300–500 ℃, with a 70% reduction and a strain rate of 1s−1. The flow curve exhibited pronounced work hardening (WH) at 300–350 ℃, whereas a dynamic recovery-type flow curve was observed at 450–500 ℃. As the temperature increased from 300 to 500 °C, the 1st WH rates (ε=0.2–0.4) were 55, 37.5, 20, 8.5, and 10MPa, respectively. Larger DRX grains were formed at higher temperatures. The DRX rate ranged 20%–30% at 300–400 ℃ and increased to 60% at 500 ℃. The texture gradually transitioned from Goss {011}<100> to brass {110}<112> with an increase in the deformation temperature from 300 to 500 ℃. Discontinuous DRX occurred mainly near the grain boundaries and precipitates at 300–400 ℃, shifting to continuous DRX at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500 ℃. At 300 and 400 ℃, larger precipitates (10–50nm) and smaller ones (<10nm) were observed within grains and along boundaries. Precipitates at 300 ℃ were larger and denser than those at 400 ℃, with η’, and T’ phases formed through SIDP. For this alloy, considering the formation of UFG and ensuring sufficient solubility, the appropriate deformation temperature range was 400–500 ℃.

Comprehensive analysis and optimization of an efficient combined power and refrigeration cycle suitable for recovering low/mid-grade waste flue gas

To effectively recover low/mid-grade waste flue gas and provide larger refrigeration capacity, an efficient combined power/refrigeration cycle only using ammonia water as the working fluid is proposed and studied. Parametric analysis is conducted from the perspectives of thermodynamics, exergoeconomics, and environment, the results demonstrate that the low/mid-grade waste flue gas within a wide range of temperature can be sufficiently recovered by the proposed cycle, and the cycle performance is significantly affected by the turbine inlet pressure, work/basic concentration and separation temperature of work solution. Based on the heat source condition of 300°C/10 kg·s-1, the results of single-objective optimization show that the maximum effective exergy efficiency, reduction amount of CO2 emission and waste heat recovery ratio that can be achieved are 0.5989, 262 kg/h and 0.97 respectively, and the achievable minimum unit cost of produced exergy is 8.432 $·GJ-1. Besides, the multi-objective optimization indicates that the optimal comprehensive thermodynamic efficiency is 0.5458 with net power output of 372.5 kW and larger refrigeration capacity of 545.7 kW, and the associated effective exergy efficiency, unit cost of produced exergy, reduction amount of CO2 emission and waste heat recovery ratio are 0.5701, 9.187 $/GJ, 258.3 kg/h and 0.9574, respectively.

Spatiotemporal evolution of heterogeneous structures in agarose gels revealed by particle tracking.

Upon decreasing the temperature, agarose solution exhibited gelation and phase separation, forming a cloudy gel consisting of agarose-rich and agarose-poor phases. Both phenomena contribute to the formation of a heterogeneous gel structure, but the primary influence of both processes on this heterogeneity remains unclear. In this study, we defined the specific gelation and phase separation temperatures of an agarose solution and examined the resulting gel structures with and without phase separation. Microscopic observation and colloid diffusion analysis revealed that phase separation leads to inhomogeneities several micrometers in size. Furthermore, we found that the distributions of colloidal diffusion coefficients and particle displacements strongly reflected the heterogeneity primarily induced by phase separation and gelation. Our findings contribute to the physicochemical understanding of the heterogeneous structures of various (bio) polymer gels associated with the phase separation of polymers.

A controlled co-assembly approach to tune temperature responsiveness of biomimetic proteins.

The controlled co-assembly of biomacromolecules through tuneable interactions offers a simple and fascinating opportunity to assemble multiple molecules into a single entity with enhanced complexity and unique properties. Herein, our study presents a dynamic co-assembled system using the multistimuli responsive intrinsically disordered protein Rec1-resilin and the adhesive hydrophilic protein silk sericin (SS). We utilized advanced characterization techniques including circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and small/ultra-small angle neutron scattering (SANS/USANS) to elucidate the detailed co-assembly behavior of the system and its evolution over time and temperature. To achieve sufficient neutron contrast, we successfully biosynthesised deuterium-labeled Rec1-resilin (D-Rec1). Our research demonstrates that this co-assembly allows the formation of a robust entity with dynamic conformational assembly and disassembly, exhibiting both the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) with reversibility. The assembly and disassembly dynamics of the co-assembled entity at UCST are very fast, while the process is kinetically controlled at LCST. This study provides significant new insights into the interplay of a hydrophilic, multi-responsive IDP and a highly hydrophilic protein, shaping the thermoresponsive and stable properties of the co-assembled entity.

Witnessing a discrete microdroplet freezing event via real-time electrochemical monitoring of solution temperature.

Temperature monitoring has immediate relevance to many areas of research, from atmospheric environmental studies to biological sample and food preservation to chemical reactions. Here, we use a triple-barrel electrode to provide temperature readouts in bulk solution and microdroplets, as well as electrochemically monitor freezing events in a microdroplet. Using this method, we are able to identify distinct characteristics of a freezing aqueous droplet (supercooling, ice formation beginning and end, temperature change, and thawing) with greater temporal resolution than a standard thermocouple and without the use of microscopy. By correlating the amperometric signal change caused by alterations in the diffusion coefficient of the electrochemical system in response to temperature changes, we can calculate the instantaneous temperature at our electrode, as well as the physical behavior of ice formation and expansion. Our results suggest that these electrochemical techniques can provide real-time monitoring of the physical processes involved in aqueous temperature change and ice nucleation events. Here, we employ a novel technique using triple-barrel electrodes to provide temperature readouts in bulk solution and microdroplets, as well as electrochemically monitor freezing events in a microdroplet. Because ice nucleation spans many research fields, it is important to have a variety of tools that can be used to better understand these frozen systems. Our data shows that electrochemistry can provide real-time information on the thermal properties of aqueous environments, and these types of measurements can be extended to microdroplets. The electrochemical signal details all the significant moments in a droplet freezing event, allowing us to use electrochemistry as a stand-alone tool for monitoring freezing events with excellent temporal and spatial resolution.

Nano- and meso-scale aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) below the lower critical solution temperature: A wide-angle dynamic light scattering study

Nano- and meso-scale aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) below the lower critical solution temperature: A wide-angle dynamic light scattering study

Reducing Mg segregation by solution temperature control to improve strength in SiC/7xxxAl composites

Reducing Mg segregation by solution temperature control to improve strength in SiC/7xxxAl composites

Performance enhancement of aqueous ionic liquids with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior through ternary mixtures

Mixtures of two thermally responsive ionic liquids (ILs) in water exhibiting phase separation above a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) demonstrate a synergy that enhances the osmotic strength and lowers the LCST compared to binary mixtures.

Numerical exploration of performance enhancement in falling film liquid desiccant cooling system using additive materials

ABSTRACT Liquid desiccant dehumidification has garnered significant attention due to its numerous benefits. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of liquid desiccant dehumidification through the use of modified solutions, particularly by incorporating polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as an additive. PVP is a nonvolatile, odorless, and nontoxic surfactant that was selected to enhance the dehumidification performance of the liquid desiccant system. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to investigate the dehumidification performance of falling film liquid desiccant systems. The study aims to assess the impact of PVP, solution parameters, and moist air conditions (humidity concentration, temperature, and flow rate) on dehumidification effectiveness. The specific objectives of the numerical simulation include analyzing performance metrics such as dehumidification rate and effectiveness to evaluate the enhancement in the falling film liquid desiccant cooling system. The selection of lithium chloride (LiCl) as the base solution and PVP as an additive at 0.4 wt% is highlighted as a key aspect of the study. The findings indicate that PVP significantly improves dehumidification effectiveness by reducing the contact angle of liquid solution on the surface plate and increasing the surface wetting ratio, thereby enhancing moisture transfer capacity. Optimal dehumidification performance is achieved with the combination of LiCl and PVP at the specified concentration. The study reveals that increasing solution or air inlet temperature reduces the dehumidification rate, while raising solution or air inlet concentration, velocity, or air humidity strengthens the dehumidification process. Additionally, the efficacy of dehumidification increases with solution velocity but decreases with solution intake concentration or air velocity. Overall, the results demonstrate an average relative increase of 21.6% in dehumidification rate and 17.4% in dehumidification effectiveness, underscoring the effectiveness of PVP in enhancing vapor absorption capability and overall system efficiency in Liquid Desiccant Cooling systems (LDCs). This enhancement is attributed to the reduction in surface tension of the liquid desiccant, as evidenced by the decrease in contact angle from 58.6° to 28.9°.