Temperature Saturation Research Articles

Combining visual cues with relaxing music, perfume and ventilation to reduce passenger car sickness: An experimental study

The autonomous, digital, and electric transformation of passenger vehicles is projected to elevate the incidence of motion sickness among occupants. This study investigates the effectiveness of an “anti-motion sickness” system that features dynamic light stimuli to support visual perception of longitudinal motion, combined with relaxing music, perfume and ventilation pulses to enhance user wellbeing. In an experimental design aimed at replicating a realistic passenger drive, fifty-three subjects were tested as front passengers engaged in a gaming activity. Subjective motion sickness ratings were collected throughout the drive, and the development of symptoms was monitored through in-ear physiological measurements, including RR-intervals, core temperature, and oxygen saturation. Post hoc analyses indicated non-significant improvement in subjective assessments of motion sickness. Similarly, physiological measurements did not demonstrate any significant difference across conditions. The tested system was however more effective in mitigating car sickness for low susceptible than for mid-to-high susceptible individuals.

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Polymeric Micro- and Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications

ABSTRACT To optimize cost and weight and streamline the manufacturing process of existing soft magnetic components, which currently rely on metallic soft magnetic particles, an innovative approach involving the preparation of high-performance magnetic polymeric composites is proposed. These composites are based on soft magnetic ferrite particles with high Curie temperature and magnetic saturation, along with low coercivity and remanent magnetization, and are used as fillers in thermoplastic polymers. To achieve these goals, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) micro- and nanoparticles were synthesized by two different methos: solid-state reaction and coprecipitation. The as-obtained particles were used to fabricate soft magnetic polymer composites by extrusion and injection molding methods. The successful synthesis of cobalt ferrite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The magnetic behavior of cobalt ferrites and polymer composites was also investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). This study shows that these new high-performance soft magnetic polymer composites can be used as alternative materials for the manufacture of magnetic components such as inductors and transformers and that their low cost and lightweight make them suitable for the manufacture of magnetic components.

Feasibility of snapshot testing using wearable sensors to detect cardiorespiratory illness (COVID infection in India).

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the current paradigm of clinical and community-based disease detection. We present a multimodal wearable sensor system paired with a two-minute, movement-based activity sequence that successfully captures a snapshot of physiological data (including cardiac, respiratory, temperature, and percent oxygen saturation). We conducted a large, multi-site trial of this technology across India from June 2021 to April 2022 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (Clinical trial registry name: International Validation of Wearable Sensor to Monitor COVID-19 Like Signs and Symptoms; NCT05334680; initial release: 04/15/2022). An Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm was trained to discriminate between COVID-19 infected individuals (n = 295) and COVID-19 negative healthy controls (n = 172) and achieved an F1-Score of 0.80 (95% CI = [0.79, 0.81]). SHAP values were mapped to visualize feature importance and directionality, yielding engineered features from core temperature, cough, and lung sounds as highly important. The results demonstrated potential for data-driven wearable sensor technology for remote preliminary screening, highlighting a fundamental pivot from continuous to snapshot monitoring of cardiorespiratory illnesses.

Effects of oxygen levels and temperature on growth and physiology of pikeperch juveniles cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

This study aimed to understand how environmental factors, specifically water temperature and oxygen saturation, affect the growth performance and physiology of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) juveniles in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). Given the importance of optimising growth conditions in aquaculture to maximise efficiency, it aims to assess whether different combinations of oxygen levels and temperatures can enhance growth while maintaining the physiological health and welfare of the fish. The experimental design included the culturing pikeperch juveniles (22.7 ± 7.1 g) were exposed to hypoxia (78 ± 14%), normoxia (105 ± 12%), and hyperoxia (140 ± 18%) conditions for 72 days. This was conducted at two temperatures, 20 °C and 23 °C, each in a separate but identical RAS. The level of oxygen supply was controlled with micro bubble diffusers on the bottom of each tank. The hyperoxia at 23 °C positively affected total length, BW, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conservation rate (FCR). The slowest growth and feed intake, along with the highest FCR, were observed in hypoxia at 20 °C. Fish reared under 23 °C exhibited significantly higher visceral-somatic index (3.54 ± 0.83 at 23 °C and 2.76 ± 0.73 at 20 °C) regardless of oxygen levels. It was primarily responsible for the observed growth difference (Final BW: 58.3 ± 18.8 g at 23 °C and 53.0 ± 18.3 g at 20 °C). The water temperature also affected haematocrit, haemoglobin, leucocyte count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the blood cells; the concentration of lymphocytes, neutrophile granulocyte bands and segments. Among biochemical markers, temperature affected cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, ammonia and triglyceride levels in blood plasma. Elevated antioxidant activity was observed in muscle, intestine and liver tissues. Oxygen levels demonstrated significant effects on growth, feed intake and conversion, the MCV of the blood cells, the concentration of the glucose, lactate and ammonia in blood plasma, and antioxidant biomarkers in the liver tissue. The analysis indicated a significant effect of oxygen on energy metabolism. The results showed hyperoxia under 23 °C create conditions for the highest growth and feed intake, high feed utilisation. There are, however, concerns about the physiological conditions and welfare of intensively cultured pikeperch juveniles, as higher feed intake led to increased visceral fat content in the body, elevated antioxidant activity in the liver, muscle and intestine tissues, morphology of blood cell, and energy metabolism.

Survey-based qualitative exploration of user perspectives on the philips visual patient avatar in clinical situation management

Philips Visual Patient Avatar is an innovative approach to patient monitoring. Computer-based simulation studies have shown that it can improve diagnostic accuracy and confidence while reducing perceived workload. Following its integration into clinical practice, we conducted a single-centre qualitative study at the University Hospital Zurich to explore the views of anaesthesia, post-anaesthesia and intensive care providers on their experience with the technology. We used an online survey to assess its contributions in different clinical situations. We analysed the data thematically to identify key themes. Of the 510 healthcare providers contacted, 131 (25.7%) completed the survey and 154 comments were collected. Key themes included the detection of specific vital sign changes, focusing on temperature and oxygen saturation (41.9%, 34/81 comments in the operating room; 38.6%, 17/44 comments in the intensive care unit; 10.3%, 3/29 comments in the post-anaesthesia care unit). Additionally, the technology was perceived to support daily routines and situational awareness (28.4%, 23/81 comments in the OR; 9.1%, 4/44 comments in the ICU; 10.3%, 3/29 comments in the PACU). The study provides early, but strong evidence that the Philips Visual Patient Avatar assists healthcare providers in specific clinical situations in the perioperative and critical care settings.

Bacterioplankton of the Western Part of the Kara Sea

Data on the structural and production characteristics of bacterioplankton in the western part of the Kara Sea at the beginning and in the middle of summer are presented. In the region of the St. Anna Trough slope, the average abundance of prokaryotes for the water column was (594–708) × 103 cells/ml (26.4–36.5 mgC/m3) in June and (247–517) × 103 cells/ml (12–28 mgC/m3) at the beginning of August. On the transect along Novaya Zemlya, the average abundance of bacterioplankton in the water column was (186–554) × 103 cells/mL (8.5–30 mgC/m3) within a week after the seasonal ice and (169–443) × 103 cells/mL (8–21 mgC/m3) in the midsummer. Bacterial specific growth rate did not exceed 1.28 day–1; its high values were observed in the upper warm water layer, above the halocline, and also at the near-bottom depths. At the beginning of summer, the production of bacterioplankton tended to decrease in the northeast direction. The distribution of prokaryotes abundance was determined by temperature and water saturation with oxygen, possibly as an indirect indicator of past phytoplankton “bloom”.

Above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in ultrathin van der Waals crystal Fe3+xGaTe2

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets are crucial for ultra-compact spintronics. However, so far, no vdW crystal has exhibited tunable above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in the 2D ultrathin regime. Here, we report the tunable above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in ultrathin vdW crystal Fe3+xGaTe2 (x = 0 and 0.3). By increasing the Fe content, the Curie temperature (TC) and room-temperature saturation magnetization of bulk Fe3+xGaTe2 crystals are enhanced from 354 to 376 K and 43.9 to 50.4 emu·g−1, respectively. Remarkably, the robust anomalous Hall effect in 3-nm Fe3.3GaTe2 indicates a record-high TC of 340 K and a large room-temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy of 6.6 × 105 J m−3, superior to other ultrathin vdW ferromagnets. First-principles calculations reveal the asymmetric density of states and an additional large spin exchange interaction in ultrathin Fe3+xGaTe2 responsible for robust intrinsic ferromagnetism and higher TC. This work opens a window for above-room-temperature ultrathin 2D magnets in vdW-integrated spintronics.

Continuous monitoring after laparoscopic Roux-En-Y gastric bypass: a pathway to ambulatory care surgery - a pilot study.

Same-day discharge (SDD) after Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) faces resistance due to possible undetected postoperative complications. These present with changes in vital signs, which continuous remote monitoring devices can detect. This study compared continuous vital signs monitoring using the Isansys Patient Status Engine™ with standard nursing vital signs measurements to assess the device's reliability in postoperative surveillance of patients undergoing LRYGB. We conducted a pilot study including patients who underwent LRYGB. During their hospital stay, patients were continuously monitored using the Isansys Patient Status Engine™ with Lifetouch™, Lifetemp™, and Nonin Pulse Oximeter™ sensors. The heart rate (HR), body temperature, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) collected by the device were compared with standard nursing assessments. Thirteen patients with a mean body mass index of 41.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2 were included. No major complications occurred. The median HR assessed by standard and continuous monitoring did not significantly differ (75.5 [69-88] vs. 77 [66-91] bpm, p = 0.995), nor did the mean values of SpO2 (94.7 ± 2.0 vs. 93.7 ± 1.8%, p = 0,057). A significant difference was observed in median body temperature between the nursing staff and the monitoring device (36.3 [36.1-36.7] vs. 36.1 [34.5-36.6] degrees Celsius, p = 0.012), with a tendency for lower temperature measurements by the device. In conclusion, this is the first study on continuous postoperative surveillance using the Isansys Patient Status Engine™ monitoring device for LRYGB patients. Our results introduce a novel tool for more efficient surgery. Prospective randomized experimental studies are warranted to evaluate this method's efficacy and safety.

Development and validation of a method for the simultaneous estimation of terpinene-4-ol and 1,8-cineole in Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel and Rosmarinus officinalis L. oil using HPTLC coupled with a QbD approach

This paper comprehends a Quality by design (QbD) approach for development of a simple and precise HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) method for simultaneous estimation of the phytoconstituents terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole found in Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary oil) respectively. The method was optimized by Design expert software using response surface methodology. The chromatographic condition optimized by using software was, mobile phase as hexane: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid in the ratio of 8.5:1.5:0.47 % v/v, stationary phase as TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 at ambient temperature conditions and saturation time 20 min at 366 nm. Optimized conditions were verified and validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) (International council for harmonization of technical requirements of pharmaceuticals for human use) guidelines. The method developed was validated for the parameters such as specificity, linearity, DL, QL, accuracy and precision. This method was then applied for simultaneous estimation of terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole in Melaleuca alternifolia (tea Tree oil) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary oil) respectively.

EVALUATION OF A BUTORPHANOL-MIDAZOLAM-MEDETOMIDINE PROTOCOL FOR SHORT PROCEDURES IN LESSER CHEVROTAINS (TRAGULUS SP.).

Twenty lesser chevrotains (Tragulus sp.), 10 males and 10 females, were anesthetized with a combination of butorphanol-midazolam-medetomidine (BMidM), to assess the efficacy of this protocol for short procedures in this genus. The animals received BMidM (0.32, 0.06, 0.15 mg/kg, respectively) intramuscularly via hand injection. Physiological variables were recorded once the animals reached a working depth of anesthesia that lasted 30 min (range 12-60 min). At the end of the procedure, medetomidine and butorphanol were antagonized with atipamezole (0.75 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.3 mg/kg) intramuscularly, respectively. Induction and recovery were 9.4 ± 4.0 min and 10.2 ± 4.1 min, respectively. Supplementation with isoflurane via face mask was required in five animals to reach light anesthesia. Times to reach the various stages of anesthesia were compared between sexes. There was no difference between males and females reaching the different stages of anesthesia, except for the time required to reach the ambulatory stage, in which females took a significantly longer time (11.8 min vs 7.8 min for the males) to stand after the injection of the antagonists (P = 0.02). Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation were similar between sexes and stable throughout the procedure. At the dosage tested BMidM was a reliable and safe protocol for short, minimally invasive procedures in lesser chevrotains with a fast induction and smooth recovery without complications.

A NONPARAMETRIC MIXED-EFFECTS MIXTURE MODEL FOR PATTERNS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19.

Some patients with COVID-19 show changes in signs and symptoms such as temperature and oxygen saturation days before being positively tested for SARS-CoV-2, while others remain asymptomatic. It is important to identify these subgroups and to understand what biological and clinical predictors are related to these subgroups. This information will provide insights into how the immune system may respond differently to infection and can further be used to identify infected individuals. We propose a flexible nonparametric mixed-effects mixture model that identifies risk factors and classifies patients with biological changes. We model the latent probability of biological changes using a logistic regression model and trajectories in the latent groups using smoothing splines. We developed an EM algorithm to maximize the penalized likelihood for estimating all parameters and mean functions. We evaluate our methods by simulations and apply the proposed model to investigate changes in temperature in a cohort of COVID-19-infected hemodialysis patients.

Disentangling different interfacial effects of reduced thin layer magnetizations

Abstract Thin buried magnetic layers ranging from thicknesses of a few atomic monolayers to several nanometers are omnipresent in the fields of magnetism and spintronics. For the functionality and fine tuning of devices build with such layers, exact knowledge of the depth dependent magnetic properties is essential. Especially the interfacial magnetic properties are important. Hence, understanding how magnetism is affected by structural variations, such as thickness or interface roughness, is mandatory. In this study, we use x-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry and magnetometry to study the high-resolution depth dependent magnetization profiles of thin magnetic transition metal layers sandwiched between an oxide and chromium layer. Compared to bulk materials, the room temperature saturation magnetization of these layers is reduced by up to 67%. These reductions are extremely sensitive to small structural variations. From the magnetic depth profiles, we disentangle different effects contributing to the magnetization reduction and the exact magnetic properties of the interface.

A novel deterioration prediction system for mild COVID-19 patients in Korea: a retrospective study

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents serious public health threats. Omicron, the current most prevalent strain of COVID-19, has a low fatality rate and very high transmissibility, so the number of patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. This change of pandemic challenges medical systems worldwide in many aspects, including sharp increases in demands for hospital infrastructure, critical shortages in medical equipment, and medical staff. Predicting deterioration in mild patients could alleviate these problems. A novel scoring system was proposed for predicting the deterioration of patients whose condition may worsen rapidly and those who all still mild or asymptomatic. Retrospective cohorts of 954 and 2,035 patients that quarantined in the Residential Treatment Center were assembled for derivation and external validation of mild COVID-19, respectively. Deterioration was defined as transfer to a local hospital due to worsening condition of the patients during the 2-week isolation period. A total of 15 variables: sex, age, seven pre-existing conditions (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, liver disease, kidney disease, and organ transplant), and five vital signs (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), body temperature, and oxygen saturation (SpO2)) were collected. A scoring system was developed using seven variables (age, pulse rate, SpO2, SBP, DBP, temperature, and hypertension) with significant differences between the transfer and not transfer groups in logistic regression. The proposed system was compared with existing scoring systems that assess the severity of patient conditions. The performance of the proposed scoring system to predict deterioration in patients with mild COVID-19 showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of 0.868. This is a statistically significant improvement compared to the performance of the previous patient condition assessment scoring systems. During external validation, the proposed system showed the best and most robust predictive performance (AUC = 0.768; accuracy = 0.899). In conclusion, we proposed a novel scoring system for predicting patients with mild COVID-19 who will experience deterioration which could predict the deterioration of the patient’s condition early with high predictive performance. Furthermore, because the scoring system does not require special calculations, it can be easily measured to predict the deterioration of a patients’ condition. This system can be used as effective tool for early detection of deterioration in mild COVID-19 patients.

Nitrogenation of Nd(Fe,Mo)12 powders for sintered magnets

The intermetallic Rare Earth-Fe12 (REFe12) compounds are considered as the strongest candidates for alternative high-performance permanent magnet material, thanks to the combination of high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high Curie temperature and moderate saturation magnetization. However, the NdFe12 based compounds suffer from a weak uniaxial magnetocristalline anisotropy at room temperature. The insertion of light elements, like nitrogen, induces a strong uniaxial anisotropy and an increase of the Curie temperature as well. Nevertheless, the nitrogenation of these compounds have proved to be tricky, as the reaction kinetics is very slow at moderate temperatures, whereas the decomposition of the 1–12 phase occurs at higher temperatures. In the present study the aim is to develop nitrogenated powders suitable for the manufacture of Nd(Fe,Mo)12N-based sintered magnets, starting from Nd(Fe,Mo)12 precursors prepared by strip-casting. The nitrogenation of Nd(Fe,Mo)12 powders was undertaken to analyze the mechanisms of reaction and to determine the experimental conditions allowing to avoid both the formation of α-Fe and the nitrogenation of the Nd-rich intergranular phase. Structural and magnetic investigations are performed on the parent alloys and the nitrogenated powders, allowing to identify the mechanism of the solid-gas reaction and to determine, for the first time to our knowledge, the nitrogen thermodynamic equilibrium pressure between the 1–12 phase and its nitride.

Nursing Care for Mrs. D with a Medical Diagnosis of Babies with Low Birth Weight

Babies with low birth weight is a condition where a baby is born with a weight of less than 2,500 grams. Such babies face a higher risk of mortality compared to those born with normal weight due to the immaturity of their organ systems, including the lungs, kidneys, heart, immune system, and digestive system. Babies with low birth weight often struggle to adapt to their environment, leading to instability in physiological functions such as temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. This can result in hypothermia, increased heart rate, decreased respiratory frequency, recurrent apnea, and reduced SpO2 levels. This study aims to describe the nursing care provided to By.Ny.D, a patient with a medical diagnosis of babies with low birth weight in the Perinatology Room at Waled Hospital, Cirebon Regency. A qualitative research design with a case study approach was employed. The subject of the case study was By.Ny.D, observed over three days from January 22nd—24th, 2024. The primary nursing issues identified were ineffective breathing patterns and nutritional deficits. After three days of nursing care, the study concluded that the problems of ineffective breathing patterns and nutritional deficits remained unresolved, necessitating the continuation of the planned interventions.

Validation of an mHealth System for Monitoring Fundamental Physiological Parameters in the Clinical Setting.

The aim of this work was to validate the measurements of three physiological parameters, namely, body temperature, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation, captured with an out-of-the-lab device using measurements taken with clinically proven devices. The out-of-the-lab specialized device was integrated into a customized mHealth application, e-CoVig, developed within the AIM Health project. To perform the analysis, single consecutive measurements of the three vital parameters obtained with e-CoVig and with the standard devices from patients in an intensive care unit were collected, preprocessed, and then analyzed through classical agreement analysis, where we used Lin's concordance coefficient to assess the agreement correlation and Bland-Altman plots with exact confidence intervals for the limits of agreement to analyze the paired data readings. The existence of possible systematic errors was also addressed, where we found the presence of additive errors, which were corrected, and weak proportional biases. We obtained the mean overall agreement between the measurements taken with the novel e-CoVig device and the reference devices for the measured quantities. Although some limitations in this study were encountered, we present more advanced methods for their further assessment.

Improving the thermal performance of vertical ground heat exchanger by modifying spiral tube geometry: A numerical study

Ground heat exchanger (GHE) is the most crucial element of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system for building cooling and heating by the utilization of geothermal energy. Therefore, intending to enhance the performance of GHE, the present study conducts a computational investigation of the thermal performance of modified spiral tube vertical GHEs. Several modifications of uniform-pitched spiral GHE are made to increase its thermal performance. Some modifications are introduced as variable-pitched spiral tube GHE where spiral inlet pipes are densified in the lower part of GHEs by reducing pitch distance. Conversely, in some modifications, the position of the outlet straight pipe is changed. Water is considered as the working fluid and the inlet temperature of the water is maintained fixed at 300.15 K. After extensive analysis, it is evident that, when the outlet pipe is placed outside of the spiral coil, there is a 7.67 % enhancement in the thermal performance than a traditional uniform-pitched spiral tube GHE. However, modifications like variable-pitched spiral tube GHEs are not significant to improve the thermal performance due to the quick saturation of the ground soil temperature around the GHE pipes. To have a balance between heat transfer rate and pressure drop, thermal performance capability (TPC) and coefficient of performance improvement (COPimprvt) criterion were evaluated and it is found that the uniform-pitched spiral tube GHE along with the outlet pipe at the outside of the spiral provides maximum thermal performance with a maximum TPC value of 1.062 and provides the positive value of COPimprvt criterion. The positive values of COPimprvt indicate that the spiral tube GHEs are energy efficient based on heat transfer and pressure drop. Moreover, spiral GHE with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), concrete pile, and sandy clay outperform the other materials for pipe, backfill, and soil, respectively. Specifically, HDPE pipe, concrete backfill, and sandy clay as soil offer around 7 %, 5 %, and 7.8 % higher thermal performance compared to polyethylene, sand silica, and clay, respectively.

Effects of traditional and dry bed baths on patients admitted in intensive units: A randomized crossover clinical trial.

The bed bath is an important part of nursing care. There are few studies evaluating the effects of traditional and dry bed baths on patients. This study was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of traditional and dry bed baths given to intensive care unit patients on the patients' hemodynamic parameters, the duration of the bathing procedure and the cost of consumable items. This was a randomized crossover clinical trial and a prospective study. The study was conducted in a General Surgery Intensive Care Unit with 22 intensive care patients aged 18 and over, who had a nursing diagnosis of bathing personal care deficiency. Each patient was given two types of bed baths at an interval of 24 h: a traditional bed bath and a dry bed bath performed with single-use tissues. Immediately before each bath, in the 5th, 10th and 15th minute of bathing, immediately after bathing and 30 min after bathing, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and peripheral oxygen saturation measurement changes over time were compared within the group using the Friedman test. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare the variables of bathing duration and bathing consumable item costs between the bathing procedures. It was found that at the completion of traditional and dry bed bathing, the participants' body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate parameters were statistically significantly lower than before bathing, whereas peripheral oxygen saturation values showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). It was found that the dry bed bath took a statistically significantly shorter time than the traditional bed bath and that the cost of consumable bathing materials was less (p < 0.05). It was concluded that traditional and dry bed baths given to intensive care patients affected their hemodynamic parameters and that the dry bed bath was superior to the traditional bed bath in that it took less time and that it cost less.

Effect of Atropine as Premedication to Prevent Vasovagal Attack in Male Patients Undergoing Spinal Anaesthesia

Background: Spinal anaesthesia (SA) is associated with many complications among which the most common side effects are hypotension and bradycardia, The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of prophylactic atropine in prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia in male. Aim of the Study: The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of prophylactic atropine in prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia in male. Method: Seventy (70) patients aged 25-60 years old, they had more than one type of surgery. the patients were monitored by the anaesthesiologist, and we monitored the patient’s vital sign related to the operation period, such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation, for patients who received atropine before the operation and patients who received atropine during the operation. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the results of the men who received atropine at the beginning of the operation, while for the people who did not receive atropine at the beginning of the operation, there were values that were not statistically significant in the variables of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate within 5 minutes of receiving spinal anaesthesia. Conclusion: Prophylactic atropine within 1 min of induction of spinal anaesthesia in male patients undergoing surgery reduce the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia.

Evaluation of the effect of dental anxiety on vital signs in the order of third molar extraction

BackgroundDental anxiety is a prevalent concern affecting patients undergoing various dental procedures, particularly surgical interventions. Understanding the impact of patients’ anxiety levels on their physiological responses during dental surgeries, such as third molar impaction surgery, is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of patients’ anxiety levels on vital signs during third molar teeth impaction surgery.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, including 45 randomly selected, healthy patients. Demographic information was recorded after obtaining consent from the patients prior to surgical intervention. Preoperative anxiety levels were determined using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Pupil measurements were taken from the patients before surgery, at 10 min after the surgery began, and at 10 min after the surgery ended. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, and haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were recorded.ResultsThe MDAS test results were statistically significantly higher in women compared to men (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between MDAS score and both preoperative pulse rate (r = 0.344, p = 0.021) and SpO2 level during the operation (r = 0.462, p = 0.001). However, no significant correlations were found between MDAS and DBP (p = 0.575), SBP (p = 0.176), fever (p = 0.238), or pupil diameter (p = 0.338).ConclusionsThird molar impaction surgery induces anxiety in adult patients 20 years and older. Vital sign monitoring provides information about the patient’s emotional state, both before and during the procedure. Since anxiety causes changes in vital signs during dental procedures, it is important to follow these findings to have an idea about the general condition of the patients.