Temperature Distribution Profile Research Articles

Impact of Aluminum Oxide & Silicon Dioxide on Nanofluid Flow Over a Stretching Sheet with Heat Transfer: Analytical Solution

A stretchable surface is one of the products features that numerous industrial and engineering field has been taken into consideration due to of its benefit. However, most of the fluid mechanic simulation for stretchable surface has been solved numerically and there is very limited theoretical study discovering this problem. Therefore, the present study investigated the convective Casson nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a linear stretching sheet. The aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are considered. The analytical resolution of the governing problem yields velocity and temperature solutions using the Laplace transform method. Graphical representation illustrates how nanoparticle volume fraction affects velocity and temperature distribution profiles. Higher nanoparticle volume fractions slow down nanofluid flow and elevate temperature profiles. This investigation establishes a robust foundation for future research utilizing numerical methods.

Experimental and computational thermoelectric generator for waste heat recovery for aeronautic application

This study is a comprehensive exploration of a polymer nanocomposite-based Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) developed within the European project InComEss, specifically designed for aeronautical applications. The focus lies on evaluating the TEG's performance under thermal conditions representative of various aircraft flight stages. The TEG module, consisting of four sections with 17 p-n strips each, is constructed from aerospace-grade polycarbonate, exhibiting dimensions of 50 * 1 * 0.3 mm. In the laboratory phase, the TEG's performance is systematically assessed through a series of experiments. Temperature gradients, ranging from −15 °C to 55 °C, emulate conditions experienced during ascending and descending flight stages. The results indicate promising outcomes, showcasing the potential viability of polymer-based TEGs for aeronautical applications. Specifically, temperature gradients of 40–70 °C, representative of atmospheric conditions and wing leading edge skin conditions, are applied across four test trials. The model validation demonstrates creditable agreement between computational outcomes and experimental data. Insights gained from COMSOL Multiphysics simulations includes temperature distribution, electric potential, and flow dynamics. Simulations conducted under varied temperature ranges provide valuable insights into the TEG's performance variability. Key findings include temperature distribution profiles, electric potential outputs under open and closed-circuit conditions, and a detailed flow analysis within a controlled thermal environment. The validated computational model not only enhances understanding of the TEG's behaviour, but also establishes a foundation for optimizing design parameters to enhance thermoelectric efficiency. The error analysis underscores the model's reliability, exhibiting an average error of 5.68 % between computational and experimental results, reinforcing its suitability for scientific investigations of this nature.

Performance Analysis of Wet Porous Moving Fin under the Influence of Spherical Shaped TiO2- Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles in a Water Based Fluid

The study investigates the flow characteristics of spherical shaped TiO2 –Ag hybrid nanofluid with water as a base fluid passing through a wet porous rectangular moving fin with a focus on understanding the effects of nanoparticle concentration on the heat transfer rate. The fin under consideration are subjected to boundary conditions, insulated and convective tips. Hybrid nanofluid that combine nanoparticles with conventional base fluids have potentially enhanced thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties in engineering applications. The energy balance equation containing the parameters that effect the flow of heat transfer rate is non- dimensionalized and solved numerically using 3-stage Lobatto - IIIa formula with appropriate boundary conditions. The simulation result shows the impact of different parameters on the flow and heat transfer properties of the hybrid nanofluid obtained by mixing spherical shaped TiO2 –Ag hybrid nanoparticles with water as base fluid. It is observed that the fin shows significant heat transfer rate in a convective tip relative to an insulated tip. The findings contribute to the understanding of hybrid nanofluid flow and its potential application in the design and optimization of thermal management system. It also facilitates the ground work for research in the field of nano fluid based cooling system. The observation from the graphical illustration shows that the rise in the thermal conductivity of the base fluid by 23% increases the conduction heat transfer as well as the temperature distribution by 10%. The natural convection and radiation are the key parameters that determines the heat transfer rate from the surface to the surrounding. In our investigation, enhancing the Nc,Nr parameters by 50% and 25%, the temperature distribution profile is reduced by about 13% and 6% respectively. The increase in the Pe number by 100% results in a rise in the temperature distribution by 8%.

Fluid–structure-interactive elasto- and thermo-hydrodynamics of electrokinetic binary fluid flows in compliant micro-confinements

We explore the intricate two-way fluid structure interaction arising due to the flow of a binary system of immiscible Newtonian fluids, composed of upper electrically conducting and lower electrically insulating fluids, flowing within a compliant microchannel, whose walls behave as linear elastic solids. The transport of the fluids along the domain occurs due to the collective impact of pressure gradient and applied electric field. We solve the closed-form system of equations and obtain semi-analytical expressions for the velocity fields and channel wall deformation from the coupled elasto-hydrodynamic problem. We then delineate the effect of four pivotal parameters: (a) Debye–Hückel parameter κ¯, (b) upper wall slip length, ls¯, (c) viscosity ratio, μr, and (d) elasticity ratio, Nr, on the morphological evolution of the wall deformation characteristics and the spatial distribution of the velocity profile of the fluids. Observations establish a positive co-relationship of wall deformation with fluid pressure, showcasing an increased collapsibility with augmented pressure gradients. Consequently, the channel walls show enhanced deformation with a decrease in κ¯, ls¯, μr and with an increase in Nr. We also demonstrate from our model that by properly tuning the applied pressure gradient and electric field, it is possible to achieve counterflow of the two fluids. We also consider the effect of heat generation in the fluids due to viscous dissipation and Joule heating, which dissipates to the surrounding by the mechanism of conjugate heat transfer. Accordingly, we provide semi-analytical expressions for the temperature profile distribution within the channel, and discuss their variation with three thermo-physical parameters: (a) Biot number of the top wall (Bi1), (b) Peclet number of the top fluid (Pe1), and (c) ratio of the thermal conductivities of the upper conducting fluid to that of the upper solid wall (kr2). We establish from our investigation that with the increase in Pe1 and with the decrease in Bi1 and kr2, the overall system temperature enhances. Finally, in order to design a thermally efficient system, we compute the global entropy generation rate in the system and evaluate optimum values of, Pe1, Bi1, and kr2 for which the system exhibits highest second law efficiency. We expect our findings to contribute toward the development of optimized microfluidic devices fabricated from deformable elastic materials.

Vibration characteristics of multilayer functionally graded microplates with variable thickness reinforced by graphene platelets resting on the viscoelastic medium under thermal effects

Due to their improved mechanical properties and adaptability, microplates with tailored variable thickness profiles are becoming essential parts of advanced micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). This study conducts a thorough analytical analysis of the vibration properties of thermally loaded, multilayer functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) microplates of linearly or parabolically varying thickness resting on viscoelastic medium under different boundary conditions. The Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model and the law of mixtures are employed to calculate the effective material characteristics for various reinforcement distributions in the microplate. These distributions encompass uniformly symmetric and asymmetric arrangements. The study utilized the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with the modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) and Hamilton's principle to generate the dynamic governing equations for the structure, accounting for size-dependent effects. The resulting equations are afterwards solved using the utilization of the Galerkin technique. This enables the evaluation of the proposed solution's correctness and precision. The impact of various factors on vibration behavior is investigated through numerical analysis. These factors encompass length scale parameters, temperature fluctuations, temperature distribution profiles, boundary conditions, the distribution pattern of the GPL, taper constants in both unidirectional and bidirectional scenarios, the weight fraction of the GPL.

Stability analysis of GO‐EG and GO‐blood base nanofluids by implementing of thermal radiation phenomena

AbstractThis work leaves to explore the stability of a 2‐D, time free, thermal boundary layer of graphene oxide ethylene glycol (GO‐EG,) where GO‐blood is taken as base nanofluids over a stretchable surface by executing a magnetic field (MHD), coupled stress effects, heat source/sink, and sun‐oriented radiations. This work is done due to the reason that nanofluids have a higher heat conductivity level rather than regular liquids. Nonlinear partial differential equations (N‐PDEs) are modeled utilizing the notable boundary layer equations. Dimensionless ordinary differential conditions (ODEs) are made from the created NPDEs by utilizing dimensional analysis and group theoretic approach. We examine the obtained ODEs through the notable homotopy analysis technique (HAM). The impacts of different parameters on temperature distribution and velocity profiles are shown graphically. However, some tables are constructed in support of the presented study to confirm the stability and convergence of the solutions. The main intentions in this work are to underline the enhancement of traditional heat transfer's thermal conductivity.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF CARREAU FLUID FLOW ALONG AN EXPONENTIAL CURVED STRETCHING SURFACE

A two-dimensional incompressible boundary layer Carneau fluid flow with heat-transfer analysis over a curved stretching surface is analyzed. The energy equation with the inclusion of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects is considered. The governing partial differential equations which govern such flow phenomena are transformed into suitable form of ordinary differential equations for integration by using stream function formulation. The developed non-linear problem has been solved by computational approach based on shooting technique using sixth-order Runge-Kutta method and Matlab built-in function bvp4c program. The effects of non-dimensional controlling parameters on temperature and velocity profile are analyzed with the aid of tables and figures. The surface drag force and Nusselt numbers are studied for the different values of the governing parameters. It is predicted that velocity of the fluid and boundary layer thickness is decreased when radius of curvature parameter δ is increased. Furthermore, the temperature profile dwindles for the growing values of δ. Other important information is that for shear-thinning fluid the velocity profile shows its increasing nature, whereas for shear-thickening fluid the opposite trend has been observed. For increasing values of curvature parameter δ from 2 to 1000, the temperature distribution and velocity profile is decreased. The radiative heat flux is included to enhance the temperature of the system, so, for the increasing values of radiation parameter <i>R<sub>d</sub></i> from 0.2-0.5 the temperature distribution is increased. Further, as the Biot number and Eckert number are increased from 0.2-2 and 0.1-1, respectively, the temperature distribution is increased.

Recent Advances in Computational Convective Heat Transfer Study in a Sub-Channel for Nuclear Power Reactor and Future Directions

A nuclear power reactor's primary use is to generate thermal energy, which in turn produces electricity. The primary heat source is a nuclear fission event occurring inside the fuel rod. The convection heat is transmitted through the coolant by the heat energy generated at the fuel rod wall boundary. Better heat transfer is produced in the flow area by turbulence and irregularity. As a result, turbulent flow heat transfer may present a significant challenge when predicting and assessing the thermal performance of nuclear power reactors. Computational techniques in convective heat transfer have become indispensable for solving challenging issues in the fields of science and engineering thanks to the development of current sophisticated numerical methods and high-performance computer hardware. The development of novel computational techniques and models for complicated transport and multi-physical phenomena is constantly in demand throughout applicable disciplines. This chapter's objective is to provide some recent developments in computational techniques for convective heat transfer, taking into account research interests in the community of mass and heat transfer, and to showcase relevant applications in nuclear power plant engineering domains including future directions. This study describes the most recent advancements in nuclear reactor convective heat transfer research utilizing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, particularly at Ansys Fluent. This work examines the convective heat transfer and fluid dynamics fluid dynamics for turbulent flows across three rod bundle sub-channels that are typical of those employed in the PWR-based VVER type reactor. In this paper, CFD analysis is carried out using the software tool Ansys Fluent. Temperature distribution profile, velocity profile, pressure drop, and turbulence properties were investigated in this study. Boundary conditions i.e. temperature, velocity, pressure, heat flux, and heat generation rate were applied in the sub-channel domain. The main obstacles and bright spots for the CFD methods in nuclear reactor engineering are discussed, which helps to further its further uses. We intend to research a full-length fuel bundle model for VVER-1200 in the future to gather specific fluid characteristic data and use the findings to analyze safety and operate nuclear power facilities in Bangladesh. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the sub-channel thermal hydraulic codes used in nuclear reactor core analysis. This review discusses several facets of previous experimental, analytical, and computational work on rod bundles and identifies potential future directions based on those earlier studies.

A Short Introduction of Blade Cooling Mechanisms in Old Gas Turbines with the Aim of Proper Distribution of Temperature Profile

Presently, old gas turbines are used in the industry of some developing countries without high tech, which face many problems in the field of thermal efficiency and output power. Typically, turbines operate in the temperature range of 1200 to 1500 degrees Celsius. Many studies have been done to increase the efficiency of such systems. The results show that this increase in temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine has negative consequences, such as increasing the thermal load of the turbine blades and thus reducing the lifetime of the blades. On the other hand, a damaged blade can cause serious damage to other blades as well as the main shaft and other parts in various ways and sometimes lead to complete failure of the turbine. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider cost reduction considerations, including maintenance. Hence, due to the limitation of thermal stresses for the continuous operation of gas turbine blades, the distribution of heat transferred to them must be controlled. In this regard, the presence of blade cooling mechanisms is necessary for its safe operation, because the operating temperature of the gas turbine is much higher than the allowable temperature of the blades. In addition to cooling the blades, cooling the shell and inlet nozzle of gas turbines is also extremely important. But since the blades are exposed to high-level stress and tension for a long time, their cooling is more important and sensitive. For this reason, in the present article, the authors tried to provide a short introduction to the efficient mechanisms in cooling the blades related to the old systems, whose effect is noticeable on increasing the lifetime of the blades.

Role of suction/injection on electromagnetohydrodynamics natural convection flow in a porous microchannel with electroosmotic effect

This paper examined the role of suction/injection on time-dependent electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) natural (free) convection flow in a vertical microchannel with electroosmotic effect. With the aid of Laplace transformation method, the governing energy and momentum equations are converted from partial differential equation (PDE) into ordinary differential equation (ODE) to obtain fluid temperature and velocity in Laplace domain. The semi-analytical solutions of the velocity profile and temperature distribution have been derived using the Riemann sum approximation. After which a MATLAB program was written to study the effects of Prandlt number Pr, Hartmann number Ha, electric field strength on x and z directions (Ex and Sz) and Grashof number Gr in fluid velocity, temperature, skin-friction and mass flow rate in terms of line graphs. Result shows the role of suction/injection parameter alters the temperature distribution and velocity profile, so also how effective the governing parameters contribute to the flow formation. .

Magneto-convective hybrid nanofluid slip flow over a moving inclined thin needle in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium with viscous dissipation

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide that porous media and viscous dissipation are crucial considerations when working with hybrid nanofluids in various applications.Recent years have witnessed significant progress in optimizing these fluids for enhanced heat transfer within porous (Darcy–Forchheimer) structures, offering promising solutions for various industries seeking improved thermalmanagement and energy efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe first step is to transform the original partial differential equations into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is chosen for its accuracy in solving ODEs. The present study investigates the free convective boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluids over a moving thin inclined needle with the slip flow brought about by inclined Lorentz force and Darcy–Forchheimer porous matrix, viscous dissipation.FindingsIt is found that slip conditions (velocity and Thermal) exist for a range of the natural convection boundary layer flow. In the hybrid nanofluid flow, which consists of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 are nanoparticles, H2O − C2H6O2 (50:50) are considered as the base fluid. The consequence of the governing parameter on the momentum and temperature profile distribution is graphically depicted. The range of the variables is 1 ≤ M ≤ 4, 1 ≤ d ≤ 2.5, 1 ≤ δ ≤ 4, 1 ≤ Fr ≤ 7, 1 ≤ Kr ≤ 7 and 0.5≤λ ≤ 3.5. The Nusselt number and skin friction factors are used to calculate the numerical values of various parameters, which are displayed in Table 4. These analyses elucidate that upsurges in the value of the Fr noticeably diminish the momentum and temperature. It is investigated to see if the contemporary results are in outstanding promise with the outcomes reported in earlier works.Practical implicationsThe results can be very helpful to improve the energy efficiency of thermal systems.Social implicationsThe hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer have the potential to improve the energy efficiency and performance of a wide range of systems.Originality/valueThis study proposes that in the combined effects of hybrid nanofluid properties, the inclined Lorentz force, the Darcy–Forchheimer model for porous media and viscous dissipation on the boundary layer flow of a conducting fluid over a moving thin inclined needle. Assessing the potential practical applications of the hybrid nanofluids in inclined needles, this could involve areas such as biomedical engineering, drug delivery systems or microfluidic devices. In future should explore the benefits and limitations of using hybrid nanofluids in these applications.

Mixed convection of shear-thinning hybrid nanofluid flow across a radiative unsteady cone with suction and slip effect

The present study examines the intricate dynamics of flow velocities, temperature distribution, and concentration profiles within Casson hybrid nanofluids as they traverse an unsteady vertical rotating cone, accounting for suction velocity and slip effects. The investigation dissects shear stress rates and thermal and mass transfer rates, leveraging the computational power of MATLAB's bvp4c method to tackle the problem's high non-linearity. The research extends to explore the interplay of magnetic parameters, radiation parameters, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and chemical reactions in the context of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over an unsteady vertical rotating cone. The incorporation of velocity slip effects and suction velocity emerges as a pivotal catalyst, elevating the rates of heat and mass transfer. Notably, the findings reveal a substantial enhancement in tangential and azimuthal skin friction by 52 % and 34 %, respectively, when transitioning from Casson nanofluid to Casson hybrid nanofluid. Most strikingly, the rate of heat transfer experiences a remarkable surge of 125 % when Casson hybrid nanofluid supplants Casson nanofluid. This research opens up exciting possibilities for improving heat and mass transfer in various industrial applications, making it a compelling contribution to the field of fluid dynamics and nanofluid research.

Analytical assessment of heat transfer due to Williamson hybrid nanofluid (MoS2 + ZnO) with engine oil base material due to stretched sheet

The efficiency of fuel consumptions and improved performances is real challenge in the vehicle engines. Recent advances in thermal engineering suggested various tools to improve the capacitance of engine oil for which the interaction of nanoparticles is more dynamical. The aim of current research is to enhance the thermal aspects of engine oil with suspension of Williamson hybrid nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid is the suspension of molybdenum disulfide MoS2 and zinc oxide ZnO. In order to increase the heating capability of system, external heat source and viscous dissipation features are contributed. The flow analysis is based on moving surface contains porous medium. After modelling the problem, the analytical outcomes of attributed with variational iteration method (VIM). The computational simulations are performed with help of Lagrange Multiplier technique. The impact of numerous physical parameters on skin fraction, Nusselt numbers, temperature distribution and velocity profile is exhibited.

Prediction model for properties of hot-rolled steel strip: An ICME approach

The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach is implemented to develop an integrated model for the processing of steel at a hot strip mill. The effect of temperature, deformation, and subsequent cooling rate on microstructure and its associated properties of the steel are mapped using analytical, numerical as well as machine learning approaches, all applied in tandem. The modeling approaches include a rigid visco-plastic approach for the flow formulation, finite volume method to calculate temperature distribution profile, artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for predicting CCT diagram, and Mecking–Kock model along with stress mixing law for the structure–property correlation. The composite model for mapping the final microstructure and microstructure-dependent properties of the steel, which depends on the composition, and various parameters of the hot strip mill is validated through a comparison of predicted values with the published results. The work shows that the hybridization of constitutive equations with the data-driven approach in ICME can successfully model a complex system like the hot strip mill.

Numerical modeling of the carbonization of polyimide fibers in a cylindrical furnace

Carbon fiber is widely used as a reinforcing material in polymer composite such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) due to its high specific strength, elastic modulus and lightweight. The majority of the industrial carbon fiber is produced from synthetic precursor polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), pitch and polyimide. While relatively many studies have been published for the carbonization of PAN, little studies have been found on the heat transfer during carbonization of polyimide precursors. In this study, we numerically analyzed the carbonization process of a polyimide (PI) precursor for carbon fibers in a lab-scale cylindrical furnace. Gas flow, temperature distribution and concentration profiles including the off-gases from the precursor fibers were included in the analyses. First, we established mathematical models for the off-gases behavior from the precursor fibers. The models were incorporated into computational fluid dynamics in order to find behavior of the mixture gas of the working nitrogen gas and the off-gases. And then, numerical simulation results using the model were obtained and compared to the experimental results to verify the model. Finally, we evaluated the application scalability of the established numerical model through changes in wall temperature and precursor fiber moving speed. The results showed that the model can be used to study the PI carbonization process in the industrial size carbonization furnace.

Numerical simulation of effect of hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer and flow of the Newtonian pulsatile blood through 3D occluded artery: Silver and gold nanoparticles

The study of blood flow in obstructed arteries is a significant focus in computational fluid dynamics, particularly in the field of biomedicine. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of pulsating blood velocity on heat transfer within biological systems, with a specific focus on blood flow in obstructed arteries. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive 3D model representing a straight, constricted blood vessel has been developed. This model incorporates periodic, unsteady, Newtonian blood flow along with the presence of gold and silver nanoparticles. Leveraging the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Navier-Stokes and energy equations have been rigorously solved. Through the investigation, it is aim to shed light on how alterations in the pulsation rate and the volume fraction of nanoparticles influence both temperature distribution and velocity profiles within the system. The present study findings unequivocally highlight that the behavior of pulsatile nanofluid flow significantly impacts the velocity field and heat transfer performance. However, it is imperative to note that the extent of this influence varies depending on the specific volume fractions involved. Specifically, higher volume fractions of nanofluids correlate with elevated velocities at the center of the vessel and decreased velocities near the vessel walls. This pattern also extends to the temperature distribution and heat flux within the vessel, further underscoring the paramount importance of pulsatile flow dynamics in biomedicine and computational fluid dynamics research. Besides, results revealed that the presence of occlusion significantly affects the heat transfer and fluid flow.

Multi-physics coupling analysis of test heat pipe reactor KRUSTY based on MOOSE framework

The heat pipe reactor utilizes heat pipes for passive heat transfer, eliminating the need for any moving parts. This feature significantly enhances its safety characteristics. Given the intricate nature of the heat pipe reactor system, a comprehensive multi-physics coupling simulation is necessary to study its safety features. In this study, a high-fidelity multi-physics coupling analysis incorporating a neutronic-thermal–mechanical-heat pipe coupling model is conducted. The work is based on the multi-physics coupling framework MOOSE, which integrates the Monte Carlo code OpenMC for neutronic analysis and built-in modules for 3-dimensional thermal–mechanical analysis. Furthermore, a heat pipe simulation method called the Thermal Resistance Grid Method is implemented within the MOOSE framework and employed in the multi-physics coupling analysis. To facilitate transient analysis, the Point Kinetics method is also integrated into the MOOSE framework to account for the time-varying power factor during reactor transients. The various modules and physical fields are coupled together using either loose or tight coupling strategies. These coupling strategies are applied to assess a test heat pipe reactor known as KRUSTY. Steady-state simulations are conducted for both normal operation and single heat pipe failure conditions, enabling the calculation of fission power distribution, temperature distribution, stress and strain profiles, as well as power and temperature redistribution following a heat pipe failure. Moreover, a load-following transient of KRUSTY is simulated, demonstrating its capability for load following without reactivity control. The aforementioned calculations validate the feasibility of the coupling framework utilized in this study and highlight its ability to accurately capture local phenomena within the reactor core.

Impact on Casson Nanofluid Flow Across an Inclined, Slanted Surface by Radiation, Energy and Mass Transfer

Casson nanofluid flow across a porous, slanted surface is investigated. In addition to the impact of a heat source, thermal energy, and a chemical reaction also are considered. Applying similarity transformations, the controlling nonlinear PDEs are converted to ODEs. To resolve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we used the universal numerical differential equation solver Wolfram Language function NDSolve. The distributions under heat source are affected by chemical processes and other variables are explored. While liquid velocity reduced due to inclination and the Casson factor, mass and energy transit rates rose. The findings are represented graphically and are consistent with past research. The findings would provide valuable insights into the flow patterns, temperature distribution, and concentration profiles within the system. This information can be crucial for designing and optimizing heat transfer systems, energy-efficient processes, and catalytic reactors involving Casson nanofluids and porous media.

EFEK LAJU PEMANASAN (HEATING RATE) TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI TEMPERATUR DAN KINERJA MODUL THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR SP1848 SA

Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) is an energy conversion technology that converts heat energy into electrical. There are several factors that affect the performance of TEG, one of which is the heat source. This research will investigate the use of waste heat by varying the heating rate on the performance of TEG in generating electricity and the temperature distribution profile through experimental studies on a laboratory scale. The heating plate is used to heat the hot surface of the TEG. There are three variations of the heating rate used, namely: Low (0.355°C/min), Middle (0.933 °C/min) and High (1.558 °C/min). Temperature measurements were carried out on the hot surface (Th), the cold surface (Tc) of the TEG module, and the ambient temperature (Ta) using Arduino temperature data logger. Meanwhile, to measure the electrical output in the form of voltage (V) generated by the TEG module, using the Arduino voltage data logger. The results show when the heating rate used is high (high heating rate) then the average electrical output of the TEG module produces a voltage of 5.34V. The heating rate on the hot surface of the TEG module will affect the difference in surface temperature and the performance of the TEG module in generating electricity.

Magnetohydrodynamic micropolar slip flow due to an exponentially stretching sheet with chemical reaction and nonuniform heat generation

AbstractThe main focus of the current study is to examine the impact of melting heat transfer and chemical reaction on magnetohydrodynamic micropolar fluid flow over a sheet that is exponentially stretching and immersed in a porous medium. A nonuniform heat source is placed within this flow system. Other impacts like slip phenomena and thermal radiation are also taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations are converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity transformation and we also get the corresponding necessary boundary conditions. These nonlinear ODEs are resolved with the help of shooting technique and an Runge‐Kutta fourth order (RK‐4) iterative strategy. Also, we solve this problem using the Bvp4c approach for validating the results of the RK‐4 method. Both outcomes are consistent with previously published data. With the help of tables and graphs, we examine the influence of multiple physical parameters on velocity, thermal, microrotation, concentration, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, coefficient of skin friction, and wall couple stress. We see that the temperature distribution and velocity profiles decrease when the melting parameter increases. The temperature profile boosts when the heat source parameter is increased.