Temperature-dependent Component Research Articles

Behavior of helium diffusion sinks in apatite: Evidence from continuous ramped heating analysis of borehole and well-characterized samples

Diffusion sinks have been proposed to explain the complex high-temperature 4He release often seen in Continuous Ramped Heating (CRH) analysis of apatites, which often correlates with over-dispersed and anomalously old (U-Th)/He ages. In this work, we first conducted CRH experiments with various ramping rates and cycled CRH experiments that confirm that the high-temperature 4He release from diffusion sinks is systematically temperature sensitive at laboratory time scales. We then analyzed apatite grains from the KTB borehole (German Continental Deep Drilling program) that have well-constrained thermal histories to test whether different thermal histories could alter the trapping of 4He at geologic time scales. The KTB samples show large intra-sample single-grain age dispersion, with most ages being older than predictions from a 4He radiation-damage diffusion model RDAAM. Individual grains from shallower depths show complex 4He outgassing behaviors, including the expected low-temperature volume-diffusion loss, sudden release spikes, and a higher- temperature-dependent component. Grains from the current partial retention zone and greater depths retain considerable helium and exhibit exclusively complex outgassing behavior dominated by high-temperature release in the laboratory. KTB samples show a systematic difference with depth in the proportion of low- and high-temperature gas-release gas components. Deeper samples, having long open-system thermal histories, contain a greater proportion of 4He that appears to have been trapped compared to the simpler volume-diffusion behavior exhibited by shallower samples that experienced a simpler monotonic cooling history. While greatly reduced, the high-temperature component is still present in the highest-temperature samples analyzed, well hotter than the partial retention zone. These observations confirm that in apatite trapping and release of helium from sinks is temperature dependent at geological time scales as well. This supports the suggestion that additional thermal-history information from apatites might be obtained using 4He/3He analysis, with laboratory release of 3He providing information about trap distribution and kinetics and 4He providing information about the geologic thermal history.

Modeling of the thermal softening of metals under impact loads and their temperature–time correspondence

The thermal softening related to the stress relaxation, i.e. a reduction in the internal resistance to deformation, due to the increasing bulk temperature is theoretically studied using the incubation time approach. The plastic deformation at high-loading rates is often accompanied by an obvious adiabatic temperature rise. Phenomenological constitutive models describing these thermo-mechanical responses of metals are generally developed by assuming empirical rate-dependent and temperature-dependent components into existing conventional bases originally proposed for quasi-static cases. This work aims to model the thermal softening of metals subjected to high-rate loads using the incubation time approach and examine the temperature–time correspondence, i.e. temperature-dependence of the incubation time, by introducing the relative stress (RS) factor over a wide range of strain, strain rate and temperature. The incubation time approach considers the strain-rate sensitivity as a manifestation of the time sensitivity of materials. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the developed relaxation model of plasticity (RP model) and conclude that this model may be derived by the time-dependent yield surface equation using the incubation time framework. Based on experimental facts for HSLA–65 steel, 93W–4.9Ni–2.1Fe Tungsten-based composite and titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V, the descriptive abilities of the developed RP model are compared with other constitutive models (phenomenological and micromechanism-based ones) and the artificial neural networks (ANN) model. The advantages and disadvantages of various models are discussed, and the main differences between the ANN model and other constitutive models are examined.

Mid-T heat treatments on BCP’ed coaxial cavities at TRIUMF

Mid-T heat treatments in the range from 250°C to 400°C on superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities have been shown to provide high quality factors that rise with applied rf field strength in high frequency, electro-polished (EP), elliptical cavities operating at 2 K, similar to nitrogen doped cavities. The rise in quality factor is attributed to a decrease in the temperature dependent part of the surface resistance RBCS. Until now, no results have been reported for these new treatments on quarter-wave resonators (QWR) and half-wave resonators (HWR). The TRIUMF multi-mode coaxial cavities are dedicated test cavities that allow frequency and temperature resolved performance characterization of treatments without changing environments, therefore providing an excellent test vehicle to test these new treatments with rf frequencies ranging from 200 to 1,200 MHz. In this paper, performance measurements from both QWR and HWR cavities are reported and their performance compared with four different treatments: baseline, a conventional 120°C low temperature bake for 48 h, and two mid-T bakes at 300°C and 400°C for 3 h. In addition, sample analysis using SEM, EDX and SIMS of witness samples is also shown. It is found that the mid-T bakes are not directly transferable to low frequency cavities. In the fundamental modes of the two test cavities, no performance gain over the baseline treatment nor a decreasing temperature dependent component with rising rf amplitude was observed. At frequencies above 1 GHz and low temperatures, the mid-T bakes show a reduced field dependence of RBCS compared to both the baseline and 120°C treatments.

Assessment of S-net seafloor pressure data quality in view of seafloor geodesy

Long-term continuous observation of seafloor pressure is effective for detecting seafloor vertical deformations that are associated with transient tectonic phenomena such as slow slip events. Since the aseismic slip event prior to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, several discoveries have been made on spontaneous slow slip events and various other types of slow earthquake along the Japan and Kuril Trenches. Seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunamis along the Japan Trench (S-net) is expected to provide invaluable information on slow slip activities via geodetic signals that are detected by pressure observation. This study inspects the quality of the S-net pressure data in view of seafloor geodesy by comparison with records obtained by more than 100 autonomous ocean bottom pressure recorders (OBPRs) deployed along the Japan Trench. OBPRs have long been standard tools in seafloor geodesy, and the data collected are considered a benchmark in terms of quality. Most of the S-net stations showed noise levels that are considerably higher than those of the OBPRs over periods of more than 2 d. We speculate that a strong correlation between pressure and temperature accounts for much of the long-term noise. In this study, the temperature-dependent fluctuation component was estimated by prediction filtering and removed from the original data, leading to a significant reduction in the noise level at 51 stations, which reached levels almost equivalent to those of OBPRs. Although no significant pressure changes have been identified as associated with the 2018 Boso SSE or repeated tremor bursts in the northern Japan Trench thus far, our findings indicate that these stations are sufficiently sensitive to detect slow slip events occurring nearby.

The Moist Quasi-Geostrophic Coupled Model: MQ-GCM 2.0

Abstract. This paper contains a description of recent changes to the formulation and numerical implementation of the Quasi-Geostrophic Coupled Model (Q-GCM), which constitute a major update of the previous version of the model (Hogg et al., 2014). The Q-GCM model has been designed to provide an efficient numerical tool to study the dynamics of multi-scale midlatitude air–sea interactions and their climatic impacts. The present additions/alterations were motivated by an inquiry into the dynamics of mesoscale ocean–atmosphere coupling and, in particular, by an apparent lack of the Q-GCM atmosphere's sensitivity to mesoscale sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies, even at high (mesoscale) atmospheric resolutions, contrary to ample theoretical and observational evidence otherwise. Major modifications aimed at alleviating this problem include an improved radiative-convective scheme resulting in a more realistic model mean state and associated model parameters; a new formulation of entrainment in the atmosphere, which prompts more efficient communication between the atmospheric mixed layer and free troposphere; and an addition of a temperature-dependent wind component in the atmospheric mixed layer and the resulting mesoscale feedbacks. The most drastic change is, however, the inclusion of moist dynamics in the model, which may be key to midlatitude ocean–atmosphere coupling. Accordingly, this version of the model is to be referred to as the MQ-GCM model. Overall, the MQ-GCM model is shown to exhibit a rich spectrum of behaviors reminiscent of many of the observed properties of the Earth's climate system. It remains to be seen whether the added processes are able to affect in fundamental ways the simulated dynamics of the midlatitude ocean–atmosphere system's coupled decadal variability.

Fecundity and Longevity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Constant Temperatures and Development of an Oviposition Model.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a notorious invasive pest native to subtropical and tropical regions in the Western Hemisphere. It has recently invaded and established in south Asian countries and in South Korea only seasonally. Longevity, survival, and fecundity of fall armyworm were examined at different temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C) and an oviposition model was developed. The maximum observed fecundity was 1,485 eggs per female at 22.0°C, which decreased to ca. 815 eggs at 32.0°C. Female longevity decreased as the temperature increased up to 24°C, and then was constant around 13-14 d until temperature reached 32°C, ranging from 33.1 d at 16.0°C to 13.1 d at 32.0°C. Temperature-dependent total fecundity (TDF) was well described by the extreme value function. Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate (AOR) and age-specific survival rate (ASR) curves were fitted to logistic and sigmoid functions, respectively. The model of female adults' aging rate (1/mean longevity) as a function of temperature was used to calculate the physiological age of fall armyworm females in AOR and ASR models. Three temperature-dependent components of TDF, AOR, and ASR were incorporated to construct the oviposition model, and it was simulated to project corn damage with tentative parameters. When 10 fall armyworm females were assumed, a total of 68-74 corn ears with kernel damage were predicted. Such loss was estimated to be US$75-83 currently in the Korean market.

Efficiency Increase through Model Predictive Thermal Control of Electric Vehicle Powertrains

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are currently enjoying rising sales figures. However, BEVs still have problems with customer acceptance, partly due to limited driving ranges. To improve the situation, this paper introduces a novel approach utilising temperature-dependent efficiencies using an economic model predictive control approach (MPC) in combination with an active grille shutter in order to accelerate the heating of the permanent magnet synchronous machine. The measurements of temperature-dependent component efficiencies on a powertrain test bench are presented and analysed in detail in the speed/torque range. Thermal models based on the lumped parameter thermal network approach were developed and validated as part of the system-level validation against a US06 wind tunnel measurement. After the build-up and implementation of the MPC, various simulations were conducted. For the investigations, three driving cycles were considered at component start temperatures of 20–80 °C. The results show that using the MPC with the grille shutter can save 0.69–2.02% energy at the HV level compared to the rule-based control with a shutter, of which up to 1.02% is due to temperature-dependent efficiencies. Comparing the MPC with the grille shutter to a vehicle without a shutter, savings of 2.8–4.2% were achieved, while up to 1.67% was achieved due to temperature effects in the powertrain.

Optimized data center site selection\u2014mesoclimatic effects on data center energy consumption and costs

The effect of the location on the energy consumption of data centers has already been studied in detail on the macro-climatic level. To take advantage of these effects, however, it is usually necessary for the location of data centers to cross international borders. The influence of site changes within national borders and in a small radius of < 100 km has not yet been quantified. To investigate this, a dynamic mathematical model of the temperature-dependent components of a reference data center was created and the influence on the energy consumption in an area of 240 × 215 km in Germany was investigated. It could be shown that even small changes of the location within a 10 km radius of a location lead to annual energy savings in the recirculating chiller of 9.12% on average (maximum 56.58%). With a freedom of location of 100 km within national borders, savings of 37.35% on average (maximum 76.11%) are even possible. Location-dependent optimizations are therefore also relevant at local and national level with regard to their influence on energy consumption, and the consideration of mesoclimatic aspects should be an elementary part of the site selection process for data centers in the future.

Role of Anharmonicity in Specific Heat of Metals and Insulators at Low Temperatures

In this paper we discuss the role of anharmonicity of lattice waves in electronic specific heat of metals and insulators at very low temperatures. Previous researchers have revealed the anharmonicity of the lattice waves to cause deviation in specific heat from Debye T3law. Different researchers have given different concepts of anharmonicity in electronic specific heat of metals at very low temperatures. The energy spectrum of phonons can not be fully described by the Debye law. On the whole all reports dilute the contention of the electronic contribution to be responsible for linear temperature dependent component of specific heat of metals at very low temperatures. For anharmonicity of lattice waves this contribution must be expected for metals and insulators also.

Experimental evidence of disorder enhanced electron-phonon scattering in graphene devices

Induced disorder in graphene enables changes in electrical and thermal transport. It has been shown previously that disorder is very important for electron cooling in graphene through disorder-assisted electron-phonon scattering, particularly via the supercollisions process. Here we study electron-momentum relaxation due to electron-phonon scattering while increasing the degree of disorder. With in-situ scanning thermal microscopy we monitor the temperature rise in the constriction region of a bowtie-shaped graphene device while increasing the disorder by means of feedback-controlled voltage ramps at high-current densities. Analysis of the combined thermal and electrical measurements in the low bias regime shows that the relative change of the momentum scattering rate vs temperature, as measured at room temperature, increases with strong local disorder. By excluding other candidate mechanisms for this phenomenon, including a change of the charge carriers density and activation of optical phonons, we conclude that the increase we observe in the temperature-dependent component of the scattering rate is likely due to new acoustic phonon scattering channels that open up as disorder increases.

Unconventional 17O and 63Cu NMR shift components in cuprate superconductors

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a fundamental bulk probe that provides key information about the electronic properties of materials. Very recently, the analysis of all available planar copper shift as well as relaxation data proved that while the shifts cannot be understood in terms of a single temperature-dependent spin component, relaxation can be explained with one dominating Fermi liquid-like component, without enhanced electronic spin fluctuations. For the shifts, a doping-dependent isotropic term as well as doping-independent anisotropic term became obvious. Here, we focus on planar [Formula: see text]O NMR shifts and quadrupole splittings. Surprisingly, we find that they demand, independently, a similar two-component scenario and confirm most of the previous conclusions concerning the properties of the spin components, in particular that a negative spin polarization survives in the superconducting state. This should have consequences for the pairing scenario.

Circuit analysis and optimisation of the high‐voltage high‐efficiency IR‐UWB pulse generator for ranging and radar application

An in-depth circuital analysis of an energy-efficient high peak power impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse generator monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) design is presented. The proposed IR-UWB pulse generation process is explained in detail. A trade-off between the peak output power level and the frequency of operation is discussed. The proposed circuit is optimised for the highest possible peak output power in the 3–5 GHz UWB band for ranging and radar application. The presented IR-UWB pulse former makes use of the cascode heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) configuration for signal scaling operation instead of the common emitter configuration. The proposed cascode pair configuration results in higher output voltage swing as well as reduced power consumption. The effect of coupling capacitors on amplification factor of the pulse former stages as well as impedance profile of the distributed transmission line is discussed in great detail. The temperature-dependent parasitic component in the proposed circuit is studied. Its effect on the transient behaviour of the proposed IR-UWB pulse generator is analysed, which is important for IR-UWB beamforming applications. The required mathematical model for the parasitic effect is derived and explained.

Differing precipitation response between solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal due to fast and slow components

Abstract. Solar radiation management (SRM) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) are geoengineering methods that have been proposed to mitigate global warming in the event of insufficient greenhouse gas emission reductions. Here, we have studied temperature and precipitation responses to CDR and SRM with the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario using the MPI-ESM and CESM Earth system models (ESMs). The SRM scenarios were designed to meet one of the two different long-term climate targets: to keep either global mean (1) surface temperature or (2) precipitation at the 2010–2020 level via stratospheric sulfur injections. Stratospheric sulfur fields were simulated beforehand with an aerosol–climate model, with the same aerosol radiative properties used in both ESMs. In the CDR scenario, atmospheric CO2 concentrations were reduced to keep the global mean temperature at approximately the 2010–2020 level. Results show that applying SRM to offset 21st century climate warming in the RCP4.5 scenario leads to a 1.42 % (MPI-ESM) or 0.73 % (CESM) reduction in global mean precipitation, whereas CDR increases global precipitation by 0.5 % in both ESMs for 2080–2100 relative to 2010–2020. In all cases, the simulated global mean precipitation change can be represented as the sum of a slow temperature-dependent component and a fast temperature-independent component, which are quantified by a regression method. Based on this component analysis, the fast temperature-independent component of the changed atmospheric CO2 concentration explains the global mean precipitation change in both SRM and CDR scenarios. Based on the SRM simulations, a total of 163–199 Tg S (CESM) or 292–318 Tg S (MPI-ESM) of injected sulfur from 2020 to 2100 was required to offset global mean warming based on the RCP4.5 scenario. To prevent a global mean precipitation increase, only 95–114 Tg S was needed, and this was also enough to prevent global mean climate warming from exceeding 2∘ above preindustrial temperatures. The distinct effects of SRM in the two ESM simulations mainly reflected differing shortwave absorption responses to water vapour. Results also showed relatively large differences in the individual (fast versus slow) precipitation components between ESMs.

Viscosity calculations from hadron resonance gas model: Finite size effect

We have attempted to review on microscopic calculation of transport coefficients like shear and bulk viscosities in the framework of hadron resonance gas (HRG) model, where a special attention is explored on the effect of finite system size. The standard expressions of transport coefficients, obtained from relaxation time approximation of kinetic theory or diagrammatic Kubo-type formalism, carry mainly two temperature-dependent components — thermodynamical phase space and relaxation time of medium constituent. Owing to the quantum effect of finite system size, thermodynamical phase space can be reduced as its momentum distribution will be started from some finite lower momentum cut-off instead of zero momentum. On the other hand, relaxation time of hadrons can also face finite size effect by considering only those relaxation scales, which are lower than the system size. Owing to these phenomenological issues, we have proposed a system size-dependent upper bound of transport coefficients for ideal HRG model, whose qualitative technique may also be applicable in other models. This finite size-prescription may guide to shorten the broad numerical band, within which earlier estimated values of transport coefficients for hadronic matter are located. It is also suspected that the hadronic matter may not be far from the (nearly) perfect fluid nature like the quark gluon plasma.

Pulsed optically stimulated luminescence for mechanisms studies in quartz

In this study we present pulsed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements in quartz, directed towards the generation of information relevant to mechanisms studies. Our measurement program covers the pulsed OSL emitted from a number of laboratory-irradiated South Australian quartz samples shone across a wide temperature range. We reveal that although the response is dominated by a single exponential component, it also includes several faint slow components and a temperature-dependent step component. We find that the room temperature time constant of 40.9 ± 0.2 μs measured from the pulse fall exceeds the corresponding value of 39.9 ± 0.2 μs measured from the rise. Further, application of the Mott-Seitz formula across the temperature range has enabled a value of 0.694 ± 0.004 eV to be derived for the activation energy associated with thermal quenching. Similar investigations yield a room temperature time constant of 1.60 ± 0.02 ms and an activation energy of 1.1 ± 0.05 eV for the strongest of the faint components. Regarding the step component, we find that it dominates the OSL as the temperature is increased. By applying linearly modulated OSL in the 300–450 °C high temperature region, we show that the step is generated even in the absence of applied ionising radiation.

Two different origins of the Q -slope problem in superconducting niobium film cavities for a heavy ion accelerator at CERN

Superconducting niobium film cavities deposited on copper substrates ($\mathrm{Nb}/\mathrm{Cu}$) have suffered from strong field-dependent surface resistance, often referred to as the $Q$-slope problem, since their invention. We argue that the $Q$-slope may not be an intrinsic problem, but rather originates from a combination of factors which can be revealed in appropriate environmental conditions. In this study, extrinsic effects were carefully minimized in a series of experiments on a seamless cavity. The origin of the $Q$-slope in low frequency cavities is traced back to two contributions with different temperature and magnetic field dependences. The first component of $Q$-slope, affecting the residual resistance, is caused by trapped magnetic flux which is normally suppressed by a magnetic shield for bulk niobium cavities. The second, temperature dependent component of $Q$-slope, is similar to the medium-field $Q$-slope which is well known in bulk niobium cavities. These results are compared with theoretical models and possible future studies are proposed.

Lead-free high Tc ferroelectric material: Hierarchical Dy-doped ZnO architectures co-assembled by 1D nanorods and 2D nanosheets

High temperature ferroelectricity (Tc ∼435 °C, Ec ∼6.15 kV/cm & Pr ∼0.16 μC/cm2) was observed in a novel 3D hierarchical dysprosium (Dy)-doped ZnO nanorods-nanosheets (NRs-NSs) architecture synthesized using wet chemical co-precipitation method. Such a conclusion was drawn on the experimental confirmation obtained from the temperature variation of real part of dielectric constant and the room temperature P–E hysteresis loop. Dy3+ doping strongly modified the morphology of ZnO from nanotaper to hierarchical NRs-NSs architecture. Lattice strain (ε), crystallite size (L), deformation stress (σ), and deformation energy density (u) of both pristine nanotapers and 3D hierarchical Dy-ZnO NRs-NSs architectures were evaluated using line broadening analysis followed by the Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods. Temperature variation of real component of dielectric constant (ε′) for Dy-doped ZnO NRs-NSs architecture attains a maxima (ε′m ∼34,500) at ferro-to para-electric transition temperature, Tc ∼435 °C. Temperature dependent complex component of dielectric constant (ε''), tangent dielectric loss (tan δ) and ac conductivity (σ) were found to increase with rise in temperature. The frequency dependent dispersion plots of dielectric properties of Dy-ZnO NPs showed a decrease in dielectric constant and tangent loss with increase in frequency whereas ac conductivity showed an opposite trend. The Dy-doped ZnO NRs-NSs architectures exhibit feeble ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (Pr) of 0.16 μC/cm2 and a coercive field (Ec) of 6.15 kV/cm at room temperature. Moreover, the novel Dy-doped nanorods-nanosheets architectures with high temperature ferroelectricity will pave the pathway towards designing futuristic material in the field of low-power and wide-temperature ferroelectric based memory devices.

Anharmonic effects in the low-frequency vibrational modes of aspirin and paracetamol crystals

The low-frequency range of vibrational spectra is sensitive to collective vibrations of the lattice. In molecular crystals, it can be decisive to identify the structure of different polymorphs, and in addition, it plays an important role on the magnitude of the temperature-dependent component of vibrational free energy differences between these crystals. In this work we study the vibrational Raman spectra and vibrational density of states of different polymorphs of the flexible Aspirin and Paracetamol crystals based on dispersion-corrected density-functional theory, density-functional perturbation theory, and $ab\,initio$ molecular dynamics. We examine the effect of quasi-harmonic lattice expansion and compare the results of harmonic theory and the time correlation formalism for vibrational spectra. Lattice expansion strongly affects the collective vibrations below 300 cm$^{-1}$, but it is significantly less important at higher frequencies, while thermal nuclear motion can be important in the full vibrational range. We also observe that the inclusion or neglect of many-body van der Waals dispersion interactions do not cause large differences in the low-frequency range of Raman spectra or vibrational density of states, provided the lattice constants are fixed. We obtain quantitative agreement with experimental room-temperature Raman spectra below 300 cm$^{-1}$ for all polymorphs studied. Examining the two-dimensional correlations between different vibrations, we find which modes show a larger degree of anharmonic coupling to others, providing a possible route to assess the accuracy of harmonic free energy evaluations in different cases.

Thermal corrections to quantum friction and decoherence: A closed-time-path approach to atom-surface interaction

In this paper we study the dissipative effects and decoherence induced on a particle moving at constant speed in front of a dielectric plate in quantum vacuum, developing a Closed-Time-Path (CTP) integral formulation in order to account for the corrections to these phenomena generated by finite temperatures. We compute the frictional force of the moving particle and find that it contains two different contributions: a pure quantum term due to quantum fluctuations (even present at vanishing temperatures) and a temperature dependent component generated by thermal fluctuations (bigger contribution the higher the temperature). We further estimate the decoherence timescale for the internal degree of freedom of the quantum particle. As expected, decoherence time is reduced by temperature, however, this feature is stronger for large velocities and for resonant situations. When the particle approaches relativistic speed, decoherence time becomes independent of temperature. The finite temperatures corrections to the force or even in the decoherence timescale could be used to track traces of quantum friction through the study of the velocity dependence since the solely evidence of this dependence provides an indirect testimony of the existence of a quantum frictional force

An Online-Calibrated Time Series Based Model for Day-Ahead Natural Gas Demand Forecasting

This paper proposes a new online-calibrated time series based model with the application to the day-ahead natural gas demand (GD) forecasting. A double-stage parallel process is developed for creating the forecasting model. The two stages include analysis of the temperature-independent and temperature-dependent components of the GD. The former stage is executed by online processing of the historical GD information considering the intertemporal variation of the GD. The latter stage, however, is conducted by exploiting the features of the GD information correlated with the ambient temperature. The forecast of the temperature is incorporated into the GD forecasting model through a correlation-based function. The model can generate the day-ahead GD forecast with both the hourly and intrahourly resolutions without compromising the forecast accuracy. The model is calibrated online using the historical GD and temperature information to achieve a higher forecast accuracy. The practical challenges associated with the industrial application of the model are also discussed. The application of the proposed model is numerically examined using real-world GD and temperature data, and the results are comprehensively studied. The outcomes reveal the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed model under various cases.