Temperature Dependence Of Time Research Articles

Geometric Thermoelectric Pump: Energy Harvesting beyond Seebeck and Pyroelectric Effects

Thermal-electric conversion is crucial for smart energy control and harvesting, such as thermal sensing and waste heat recovering. So far, researchers are aware of two main ways of direct thermal-electric conversion, Seebeck and pyroelectric effects, each with different working mechanisms, conditions and limitations. Here, we report the concept of Geometric Thermoelectric Pump (GTEP), as the third way of thermal-electric conversion beyond Seebeck and pyroelectric effects. In contrast to Seebeck effect that requires spatial temperature difference, GTEP converts the time-dependent ambient temperature fluctuation into electricity. Moreover, GTEP does not require polar materials but applies to general conducting systems, and thus is also distinct from pyroelectric effect. We demonstrate that GTEP results from the temperature-fluctuation-induced charge redistribution, which has a deep connection to the topological geometric phase in non-Hermitian dynamics, as a consequence of the fundamental nonequilibrium thermodynamic geometry. The findings advance our understanding of geometric phase induced multiple-physics-coupled pump effect and provide new means of thermal-electric energy harvesting.

Photothermal enhanced salinity-gradient osmotic energy conversion for sustainable power generation with phase change material

Salinity-gradient osmotic energy conversion is one of the key energy-effective strategies to alleviate global power scarcity and is highly dependent on the saline solution temperature. In this study, a solar thermal boosted salinity-gradient osmotic energy conversion with phase change thermal storage is proposed. Phase change materials (PCMs) are integrated into a solar-driven salinity-gradient osmotic energy conversion system to overcome intermittent solar illumination during the entire diurnal cycle. A graphene oxide membrane (GOM)-based experiment is conducted to study the time-dependent solution temperature, current, and power density with three thermal management materials: Cu/PCM composite, pure PCM, and a reference case without PCM in one diurnal cycle, as well as their periodic stability. The solution temperature can be effectively improved by the solar thermal effect. The utilized PCMs, which absorb solar heat during the daytime and release latent heat at nighttime, can effectively maintain the solution temperature to suppress the power decline at night, thereby improving the power generation capacity of the osmotic system during the entire cycle. The combined interaction mechanism of temperature and solution evaporation on the solution concentration, ion diffusivity, ion conductance, ion selectivity, and power density is revealed. The contributions of ion diffusivity, ion conductance, ion selectivity and solution concentration on the power density are obtained. In an illumination cycle, the power density undergoes three processes of growth stage (0 < t < 5 h), high power output stage (5 < t < 13h), and decline stage (13 < t < 23 h). In addition, the present design also demonstrates a consistent solution temperature and short-current stability during successive cycles.

On a multiple time-scales perturbation analysis of a Stefan problem with a time-dependent Dirichlet boundary condition

In this paper, a classical Stefan problem with a prescribed and small time-dependent temperature at the boundary is studied. By using a multiple time-scales perturbation method, it is shown analytically how the moving boundary profile is influenced by the prescribed temperature at the boundary and the initial conditions. Only a few exact solutions are available for this type of problems and it turns out that the constructed approximations agree very well with these exact solutions. In particular, approximations of solutions for this type of problems, with periodic and decaying temperatures at the boundary, are constructed. Furthermore, these approximations are valid on a long time scale, and seems to be not available in the literature.

Molecular Structure Related to an S = 5/2 High-Spin S2 State Manganese Cluster of Photosystem II Investigated by Q-Band Pulse EPR Spectroscopy.

The high-spin S2 state of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving cluster Mn4CaO5, corresponding to the g = 4.1 signal for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), was investigated using Q-band pulsed EPR, which detected a main peak at g = 3.10 and satellite peaks at 5.25, 4.55, and 2.80. We evaluated the spin state as the zero-field splitting of D = 0.465 cm-1 and E/D = 0.245 with S = 5/2. The temperature dependence of the T1 relaxation time revealed that the excited-state energy was 28.7 cm-1 higher than that of the S = 5/2 ground state. By comparing present quantum mechanical (QM) calculation models, a closed-cubane structure with the protonation state of two oxygens, W1 (= OH-) and W2 (= H2O), was the most probable structure for the S = 5/2 state. The three-pulse electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) detected the nuclear signal, which was assigned to nitrogen as His332 ligated to the Mn1 ion. The obtained hyperfine constant for the nitrogen signal was significantly reduced from that in the S = 1/2 low-spin state. These results indicate that the S = 5/2 spin state arises from the closed-cubane structure.

Spin-phonon decoherence in solid-state paramagnetic defects from first principles

Paramagnetic defects in diamond and hexagonal boron nitride possess a combination of spin and optical properties that make them prototypical solid-state qubits. Despite the coherence of these spin qubits being critically limited by spin-phonon relaxation, a full understanding of this process is not yet available. Here we apply ab initio spin dynamics simulations to this problem and quantitatively reproduce the experimental temperature dependence of spin relaxation time and spin coherence time. We demonstrate that low-frequency two-phonon modulations of the zero-field splitting are responsible for spin relaxation and decoherence, and point to the nature of vibrations in 2-dimensional materials as the culprit for their shorter coherence time. These results provide an interpretation to spin-phonon decoherence in solid-state paramagnetic defects, offer a strategy to correctly interpret experimental results, and pave the way for the accelerated design of spin qubits.

Decision support system for power cable insulation vulcanization production line management

The paper proposes a structural model of a decision support system for controlling a cable insulation continuous vulcanization line. The proposed decision support system is based on a mathematical model of the cable insulation continuous vulcanization technological process, a database, and a mode correction algorithm. The DSS will make it possible to quickly develop a new regime in case of using new materials or structures, as well as to correct the current regime in case of unplanned changes during the production process. The core of the DSS is the proposed mathematical model, which is based on conservation laws and is presented as a system of differential equations closed by boundary conditions. The vulcanization process is described taking into account the temperature-time dependence of the kinetic parameters, which made it possible to take into account the uneven heating of the cable, both in the radial direction and along the length. The numerical implementation of the differential mathematical model made it possible to carry out a systematic analysis of the nature of the processes in the vulcanization pipe and to evaluate the influence of various technological, structural and material parameters on the cable insulation vulcanization completion degree. As a result of the analysis, significant parameters were identified that significantly affect the vulcanization process completion degree. Based on the obtained numerical results, technological parameters dependence technological surfaces on the geometry of the product and the properties of the materials used were constructed, a regression mathematical model was proposed that allows determining the values of the process control parameters without resorting to the use of a differential mathematical model. Based on the results of the analysis, an algorithm for correcting the technological regime is proposed, taking into account only significant process parameters. The proposed algorithm allows you to adjust the value of the isolation rate, depending on external influences and deviations from the specified parameters. The results of the study can be used in the production of cable and wire products with vulcanizable insulation, when it is necessary to quickly select the optimal technological mode, take into account changes in the cable design, properties of the insulation material, as well as possible pressure deviations inside the vulcanization pipe.

Kristallenmiş Çiçek Balının Sıvılaşma Hızının Artırılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi

After the honey is harvested from the bee colony, it is removed from the honeycomb with mechanization and stored as a liquid in cans or barrels. Honey crystallizes depending on the chemical structure, type of its, and impurity or ambient temperature. In Turkey, liquid (wax) honey is generally not consumed as crystallized. For this reason, honey is liquefied and packaged again. When the honey crystallizes, which is stored in tin cans, an air oven or hot water pool is usually used as a liquefaction medium. The liquefaction time of honey depends on the type of its, melting medium, the ambient temperature, and the geometry of the honey container. As the ambient temperature and melting time increase, both chemical and color-taste changes occur in honey. In this experimental study, crystallized honey stored in tin cans (18 dm3) was liquefied in an air-type oven at 50oC using two different methods (conventional and mechanical vibratory). During liquefaction, time-dependent temperature changes were determined in honey’s x and y axes. Moisture, diastase, proline, and HMF (Hidroksimetilfurfural) changes in the heat-treated honey were measured. As a result of the obtained data, it was determined that the mechanical vibration liquefaction time was 35% shorter than the conventional liquefaction time. At the end of the heat treatment with both methods, the change of chemical values in honey was found to be in accordance with the Turkish Food Code.

Fractional melting process in inclined containers using (NePCM) and hybrid nanoparticles

Using substances of high latent heat such as phase change materials is a perfect technique in the energy storage units. Additionally, examining the heat transport and melting process for these materials is beneficial for a wide variety of solar-related applications. Therefore, this study aims to examine the time-dependent fractional melting process within inclined containers filled with Nanoparticles-enhanced Phase-Change Materials (NePCM) via the model of the enthalpy-porosity. The used NePCM is octadecane and the fractional derivatives are considered for all the time-dependent variables, namely, velocities, temperature and liquid fraction. The Caputo definition is applied to estimate the non-integer derivatives and the fractional order takes the values between 0.75 and 0.95. The solution methodology is depending on the Finite Volume technique with SIMPLE approach. The range of the Fourier number is between 0.05 and 0.4 and the resulting data is presented in terms of melting interface, liquid fraction, streamlines, isotherms and heat transfer rate. The main findings revealed that the influences of order of the fractional derivatives more significant at the higher values of the Fourier number and the melting interface points move towards the heated wall as order of the fractional derivatives is reduced. Also, at higher values of the fractional derivative's order (0.9), the maximizing of inclination angle causes a diminishing in the rate of the heat transfer.

Thermo-poroelastodynamic response of a borehole in a saturated porous medium subjected to a non-hydrostatic stress field

A thermo-poroelastodynamic (TPED) model incorporating the thermo-osmosis and thermal-filtration phenomena is used to analyze the transient response of a borehole subject to a non-hydrostatic stress field. The coupled TPED model is developed on the basis of equations of motion, fluid flow, heat transfer and constitutive equations so as to couple the stress wave, pressure wave and thermal wave in early times. Poroelastodynamics (PED) and thermo-elastodynamics (TED) models correspond two particular cases of the current model. The borehole problem is decomposed into the superposition of an axisymmetric mode and an asymmetric mode, corresponding to axisymmetric and deviatoric loadings, respectively. The semi-analytical solutions in the Laplace transform space are inverted numerically to obtain time-dependent displacement, pore pressure, temperature and stresses. Comparisons are performed among different sub-models to examine the influence of thermal effect on the response of pore pressure and stresses as well as the influence of pore water on the response of stress components. A direct comparison among the dynamic, quasi-static and static models shows that inertial effect is very important in the early times and it contributes to the early-time wave behavior.

An inversion approach for non-invasive detection of subcutaneous structure and temperature based on 1D residual neural network

Laser skin dermatology has attracted increasing attention with awareness of the aesthetic sense. Real-time detection of subcutaneous vessel temperature and structure during laser treatment is essential for efficacy and safety of surgery. By using 1D residual neural network to improve the accuracy of feature extraction, an inverse method model with outstanding reconstruction performance and noise insensitivity was proposed to estimate vascular parameters including temperature, depth and diameter of blood vessel. The network established an end-to-end mapping of the time-dependent skin surface temperature after short-pulse laser irradiation to the temperature gradient along the skin depth, allowing vascular parameters to be extracted directly from the observed data measured by the infrared camera. The model trained by data containing noise of multiple intensities could identify and attenuate noise in the original data, which is beneficial to suppress the broadening effect of a significant broadening of reconstructed temperature peaks induced by noise and significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy of less than 5%. In comparison with traditional iterative methods, the new model shows technical superiority in its unparalleled accuracy and low computational cost as well as great potential for real-time monitoring of subcutaneous vascular features.

The Ga-admixed GSAG:Ce single crystal scintillator: Composition tuning

The scintillation, luminescence and optical properties of the multicomponent Gd3Sc2Ga(2+x)Al(1-x)O12:Ce (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), Gd2.957Sc1.905Ga(2.138+x)Al(1-x)O12:Ce (x = 0, 1) and the (200, 1000, 5000 ppm) Mg2+ co-doped Gd3Sc2Ga2.75Al0.25O12:Ce single crystals grown by the μ-PD method were characterized. Scintillation decay kinetics and light yield were correlated with the sum of the content of Ga and Sc in the host. While the Ga-admixed GSAG:Ce composition exhibited higher scintillation efficiency compared to pure GSAG:Ce, it also showed very high afterglow, due to an intense delayed electron-hole recombination at Ce3+ centres. This was supported by the calculated activation energy obtained from the temperature dependence of photoluminescence decay times. Codoping with Mg2+ significantly improved afterglow compared to pure GSAG:Ce, however, at the expense of light yield.

Deciphering the Enigma of a Temperature-Dependent Best-Performance Field in Single-Molecule Magnets

Magnetic interactions give birth to complicated systems with novel magnetic properties, yet the complexity arising from complicated interactions makes the origination of properties cryptical. Here, we recreate an enigmatic phenomenon, namely, the temperature-dependent variation of the best-performance field, in a trinuclear 3d–4f single-molecule magnet {DyNi2} with a simple yet requisite magnetic structure. A concise model is proposed here to illustrate the origin of this anomalous phenomenon and reveal how the energy structure of the system impacts the field and temperature dependence of the relaxation time. According to the model, the temperature-dependent competition between the relaxation processes with smaller tunneling splitting occurring in ground states and the relaxation process with larger tunneling splitting yet related to the excited states, which encounter each other under an applied magnetic field, leads to the enigmatic phenomena.

Field Temperature Data Analysis of the Water Resistance Performance of Freeze-Sealing Pipe Roof Used in Tunnel through Water-Rich Strata

A new presupporting technology named freeze-sealing pipe roof (FSPR) method was adopted in the construction of Gongbei tunnel (Zhuhai, P.R. China), which was a critical part of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (HZMB). The method combined the pipe-roofing with artificial ground freezing (AGF). The water resistance performance of FSPR surrounded by water-rich soils was studied based on the field temperature data. The time-dependent temperature changes of the frozen soil between two adjacent pipes were presented, and the thicknesses of the frozen soil in different freeze period were calculated. Besides, the remote temperature monitoring system used in this field research was presented systematically. The thermal effects of the Hurricane Nicole on the frozen soil wall were also observed. The results showed that the closure of frozen soil wall can be classified into two different modes. The frozen soil between the pipes before excavation had met the design requirements before excavation, and the FSPR maintained satisfied water resistance performance.

Studying the rate-dependent specific absorption rate in magnetic hyperthermia through multiscale simulations

In this work, the issue of whether the dynamic magnetic properties of monodispersed magnetic colloids, modeled using micromagnetic simulations, can be extrapolated to analyze magnetic particle hyperthermia data, i.e., specific absorption rate (SAR) values acquired at high frequencies of excitation fields, is addressed. Micromagnetic finite difference simulations were performed using the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) software package in order to obtain the dynamic hysteresis loops under a 24 kA/m alternating magnetic field amplitude and for various frequencies (50–765 kHz). In OOMMF, the finite difference method was used to find the solution of the nonlinear Landau–Lifshitz Gilbert (LLG) equation, which describes the nanoparticles’ magnetization motion when applying an effective magnetic field. To create a system of randomly oriented magnetite nanoparticles having a certain volume fraction (0.02%) that coincides with the experimentally utilized concentration of 1 mg/ml, we start with a perfect simple cubic lattice with a large lattice spacing so that the particle–particle distance is large enough to neglect dipolar interactions (non-interacting nanoparticles). The system under study is a set of 40-nm magnetite nanoparticles with a lognormal size distribution. The simulations were performed assuming quasistatic conditions, an approach that is reasonable for ferromagnetic-like behavior. It is worth noting that the code considers not only the uniaxial anisotropy Ku but also the cubic magnetocrystalline one Kc as well. Kc is usually neglected in literature because the uniaxial contribution dominates, but this is not the case for magnetite since Ku = 9 kJ/m3 and Kc = −11 kJ/m3. Moreover, such an inclusion seems quite reasonable since the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is always present yet with a relative contribution. The SAR values at each frequency were determined after calculating hysteresis losses via the area of the simulated hysteresis loops. Interestingly, SAR values at low frequencies followed an exponential increase trend with a frequency indicating a deviation from the linear behavior usually reported in the literature. To validate our approach, we employed a coupled electromagnetic-thermal model based on COMSOL Multiphysics simulations that provides an accurate estimation of the magnetic field and temperature distribution within the ferrofluid. The time-dependent temperature curves are obtained after 30 min of magnetic particle hyperthermia treatment for the same alternating magnetic field amplitude used in OOMMF simulations (30 mT) and for two representative frequency values. One in the low (300 kHz) and one in the high (765 kHz) frequency regimes. The numerical curves were compared to the corresponding experimental ones and found to be in good agreement. Our findings provide new insight into the validity of dynamic micromagnetic simulation to analyze the frequency behavior of SAR within the framework of LLG and indicate that anisotropy selection plays a key role in the reliability of simulations.

Ionic transport and segmental dynamics in poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolytes: Dependence on molecular weight of host polymer matrix

We have investigated the ion transport and segmental dynamics in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4) salt based solid polymer electrolytes as a function of molecular weight of PEO polymer matrix at a fixed salt concentration (EO/Na = 18) using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The molecular weight (Mv) of PEO polymer matrix was varied from 1 × 105 to 6 × 105 g/mol. The ionic conductivity of the PEO based electrolytes obtained from the complex impedance plot showed a correlation with the glass transition temperature, crystallinity and ion diffusion coefficient. The AC conductivity spectra were analyzed by using the universal power law model, except the low frequency region, where the electrode polarization contribution was dominant. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity and the hopping frequency followed the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) relation, indicating a coupling between the ion transport and the segmental dynamics of polymer chains. The segmental dynamics was investigated using the derivative dielectric constant spectra. The modulus spectra were well described by the Havriliak-Nigami and the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts functions. The temperature dependence of the conductivity relaxation time also followed the VTF relation. The ion transport in PEO based polymer electrolytes with higher molecular weight was found more cooperative than that of the other polymer electrolytes.

Thermal arching and interfacial damage evolution of CRTS-II slab track under solar radiation in alpine and plateau regions

Arch deformation and interface failure of CRTS-II slab track have become crucial issues for the operation safety of high-speed railways. However, few researchers investigated the mechanics and deformation behaviour on CRTS-II slab track exposed to high-altitude plateau climatic environments. This study proposes an analysis approach for thermal arching and interface damage evolution of the slab track structure under solar radiation in alpine and plateau environments. The time-dependent solar temperature distribution is loaded on the refined finite element model (FEM) of the slab track structure’s thermal deformation in high-altitude plateau climatic environments. The analysis approach is validated by comparing the calculated and experimental data. The track slab's maximum and minimum vertical temperature gradient (VTG) are 94.49 °C/m and −45.02 °C/m, respectively. The narrow joint damage is an incentive for the inverted V-shaped thermal arching and interface separation of the slab track structure under solar radiation. The interfacial gap of slab track structure in alpine and plateau regions reaches more than 14 mm during summer. The proposed analysis approach is a valuable reference to the construction temperature, maintenance, and damage monitoring of slab track structure in alpine and plateau regions.

Ultrafast quantum path interferometry to determine the electronic decoherence time of the electron-phonon coupled system in n -type gallium arsenide

Quantum coherence is the key to new quantum technologies, although the details of decoherence processes and times are still not well understood in solids. We demonstrate how to measure the decoherence time of electronic excited states in $n$-type gallium arsenide ($n$-GaAs) crystals using a relative-phase locked double pulse excitation method and quantitatively evaluate with a simple model including temperature dependence. The interference patterns of both electronic and phonon coherence are observed in $n$-GaAs using ultrafast quantum path interferometry with $\ensuremath{\pi}/4$ polarized femtosecond pulses, via the amplitude of longitudinal optical phonons as a function of pump-pump delay. The electronic coherence shows uplifting and splitting in the collapse and revival of the electronic interference, which is sensitive to temperature, and these features are well reproduced using a simple quantum mechanical model. The decoherence time is determined using quantum calculations, from the splitting and uplifting in the interference shape, to be $27.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5, 23.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$, and $12.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ fs at 10, 90, and 290 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the decoherence time is well reproduced by the density of electrons in the conduction band with the group velocity of the photoinduced electrons.

Heat-avoidance behavior associates with thermal sensitivity rather than tolerance in aphid assemblages

How to predict animals’ heat-avoidance behaviors is critical since behavior stands the first line for animals dealing with frequent heat events under ongoing climate warming. However, the discrepancy between the scarcity of research on heat-avoidance behaviors and the commonness of eco-physiological data for thermal tolerance and for thermal sensitivity such as the temperature-dependent survival time makes it difficult to link physiological thermal traits to heat-avoidance behavior. Aphids usually suck plant sap on a fixed site on the host plants at moderate temperatures, but they will leave and seek cooler feeding sites under stressful temperatures. Here we take the cereal aphid assemblages comprising different species with various development stages as a model system. We tested the hypotheses that heat tolerance (critical thermal maximum, CTmax) or heat sensitivity (temperature-dependent declining rate of survival time, similarly hereinafter) would associate with the temperature at which aphid activate heat-avoidance behavior. Specifically, we hypothesized the aphids with less heat tolerance or greater heat sensitivity would take a lower heat risk by leaving the host plant earlier. By mimicking the linear increase in ambient temperature during the daytime, we measured the CTmax and the heat-avoidance temperature (HAT, at which aphids leave the host plant to find cooler places) to understand their heat tolerance and heat-avoidance behavior. Then, we tested the survival time of aphids at different temperatures and calculated the slope of survival time declining with temperature to assess their heat sensitivity (HS). Finally, we examined the relationships between CTmax and HAT and between HS and HAT to understand if the heat-avoidance behavior associates with heat tolerance or with heat sensitivity. The results showed that HS and HAT had a strong correlation, with more heat sensitive individuals displayed lower HAT. By contrast, CTmax and HAT had a weak correlation. Our results thus provide evidence that heat sensitivity is a more reliable indicator than thermal tolerance linking with the heat-avoidance behavior in the aphid assemblages. Most existing studies use the indexes related to thermal tolerance to predict warming impacts. Our findings highlight the urgency to incorporate thermal sensitivity when predicting animal responses to climate change.

Probing free and bound excitons in Eu-doped CsPbBr3 by temperature-dependent photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence

This report presents the recombination mechanisms of free and bound excitons in Eu-doped CsPbBr3. Through temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL), the emission intensity of free excitons decreased as the temperature decreased from 300 to 10 K. The emission intensity of bound excitons appeared at T = 100 K and increased rapidly as the temperature decreased to 10 K. These observations are attributable to the dynamic migration of thermal energy between free and bound excitons, which is caused by the richer Eu3+ ion. The exciton-like emission can be demonstrated through power-dependent PL. Furthermore, the radiative and nonradiative recombinations of the bound exciton were determined through temperature-dependent time resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL). As a function of emission energies, the PL lifetimes of the bound exciton were investigated to corroborate that the bound exciton has a larger localization depth with decreasing temperature, which is another reason for the increased emission intensity of the bound exciton.

Transient Nonlinear Heat Conduction in Concrete Structures: A Semi-Analytical Approach.

Thermal loading, especially in fire scenarios, challenges the safety and long-term durability of concrete structures. The resulting heat propagation within the structure is governed by the heat conduction equation, which can be difficult to solve analytically because of the nonlinearity related to the thermophysical properties of concrete. A semi-analytical approach for the transient nonlinear heat conduction problem in concrete structures was established in the present work. The nonlinearity related to the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, mass density, and specific heat capacity of heated concrete was taken into consideration. A Taylor series approximate solution was first established within a small neighborhood, employing the Boltzmann transformation in combination with the mean value theorem. Thereafter, it was extended to the whole domain by utilizing the Bernstein polynomial. The semi-analytical approach was validated by comparing it with the numerical results of two independent Finite Element simulations of nonlinear heat conduction along concrete plates, subjected to either moderate or fierce thermal loading. Absolute values of the relative errors are smaller than 5%. The validated semi-analytical approach was further applied to prediction of the temporal evolution of the temperature field of a scaled model of a subway station, subjected to fire disaster. The nonlinearities, related to the time-dependent surface temperature and the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of concrete, were taken into consideration. The predictions agree well with the experimental measurements. The established semi-analytical approach exhibits good accuracy and stability, providing insight into the interaction between the thermophysical properties of concrete in the heat conduction process.