Temperature Control Device Research Articles

Dynamic encoding of temperature in the central circadian circuit coordinates physiological activities

The circadian clock regulates animal physiological activities. How temperature reorganizes circadian-dependent physiological activities remains elusive. Here, using in-vivo two-photon imaging with the temperature control device, we investigated the response of the Drosophila central circadian circuit to temperature variation and identified that DN1as serves as the most sensitive temperature-sensing neurons. The circadian clock gate DN1a’s diurnal temperature response. Trans-synaptic tracing, connectome analysis, and functional imaging data reveal that DN1as bidirectionally targets two circadian neuronal subsets: activity-related E cells and sleep-promoting DN3s. Specifically, behavioral data demonstrate that the DN1a-E cell circuit modulates the evening locomotion peak in response to cold temperature, while the DN1a-DN3 circuit controls the warm temperature-induced nocturnal sleep reduction. Our findings systematically and comprehensively illustrate how the central circadian circuit dynamically integrates temperature and light signals to effectively coordinate wakefulness and sleep at different times of the day, shedding light on the conserved neural mechanisms underlying temperature-regulated circadian physiology in animals.

Radiofreqency device as an alternative therapy for refractory nasal valve collapse

A clinical decision report using: Silvers SL, Rosenthal JN, McDuffie CM, Yen DM, Han JK. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency device treatment of the nasal valve for nasal airway obstruction: A randomized controlled trial. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2021 Dec;11(12):1676-1684. http://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22861 for a patient with nasal valve collapse.

An experimental investigation and multiphysics simulation of thermoelectric temperature controller for AWG chips

The refractive index of silicon-based waveguide materials is highly sensitive to temperature and stress, and the effective refractive index of the waveguide varies with temperature changes. Thus, it is critical to reduce the temperature dependence of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) devices and to precisely control the center wavelength of AWGs. In this study, the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) was designed and fabricated to control the temperature of the thermal AWG chip, which did not require any material replacement or reprocessing of the AWG chip. Different magnitudes and polarities of voltage are applied to the TEC to regulate its operational state (heating or cooling). A multiphysics simulation model of a thermal AWG device is established and validated through transient and steady-state experiments. This study investigated the influence of different conditions (input voltage, environmental temperature) on the temperature and maximum stress of the AWG chip. A conformal TEC was designed and its performance was compared with that of the square TEC. The energy consumption of the conformal TEC was also tested and analyzed. The results show that in a 25 °C ambient environment, the TEC can control the temperature of the AWG chip in the range of 1.5–78.3 °C, significantly expanding the current operational temperature range of 65.0–85.0 °C when using Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters. Under the same conditions, when using the conformal TEC as the temperature control device, the temperature gradient on the AWG chip is reduced by 1.37 °C during cooling and 2.80 °C during heating. The maximum stress value in the core layer is always lower, with a maximum reduction of 3.61 MPa. TEC can set the ideal operating temperature of the AWG chip according to the actual operating environment of the product, which reduces the energy consumption of TEC. A comparison is made between the average power consumption of the conformal TEC and the PTC heater under two operating conditions: a 25 °C constant-temperature environment and a natural environment. The average power consumption can be reduced by up to 97.87 % and 93.02 %, respectively. This study holds significant guidance for solving the temperature dependence problem of AWG devices and the application of thermoelectric coolers in the field of optical communication.

The influence of power on the intensity of working fluid heating in the hydraulic drive

This paper discusses the influence of power on the intensity of working fluid heating in the hydraulic drive. The work considers methods and methods of maintaining thermal conditions in the hydraulic drive. Thermal balance scheme in hydraulic drive of self-propelled machines is considered. Calculation is also made for hydraulic drive of drilling machine. Based on the results of the calculation, a graph was drawn on the dependence of the intensity of pre-start heating of the working fluid on the power developed by the temperature control device.

Formation of glycidol fatty acid esters and 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters in heated foods

Glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) and 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPDEs) are formed at high temperatures during edible oil production. In this study, ground meat (beef, pork, and chicken) patties, cookies, and cupcakes were heated under various conditions using a temperature-controlled device to determine the amount of GEs and 3-MCPDEs produced. GE and 3-MCPDE were not detected in any meat heated in the oven (250 °C). When heating all meats using a muffle furnace, GEs were not detected at 400 °C but they were detected at 500 °C and 600 °C. At 600 °C, 3-MCPDEs were detected in all meats. When cookie and cupcake doughs prepared with rapeseed oil were heated in the oven, GEs were formed in both samples, reaching a maximum at 210 °C. 3-MCPDEs were detected only in cookies, reaching its maximum at 250 °C. The percentage of each GE in heated cookies and cupcakes was related to the fatty acid composition of the rapeseed oil. These results suggest that the formation of GEs and 3-MCPDEs may be affected by food ingredients, cooking device, and heating time, as well as heating temperature.

An integrated self-heating recombinase polymerase amplification lateral flow strip biosensor for quantification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

The early and precise detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, a major foodborne pathogen, is crucial to prevent outbreaks and ensure food safety. However, traditional diagnostic methods are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require sophisticated laboratory facilities, making them less feasible for point-of-care testing. Here, we present a novel, self-heating recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-based integrated lateral flow strip biosensor for the efficient detection of EHEC O157:H7. The self-heating mechanism based on calcium oxide provides a stable and optimal external temperature for RPA, avoiding the use of external power sources or complex temperature control devices. In addition, the color intensity of the test line of the lateral flow strip can be uploaded to the ImageJ software by taking photos, and the quantitative detection of EHEC O157:H7 can be realized by analyzing the gray value. Our results demonstrate that this biosensor has a visual detection limit of 1 × 102 CFU/mL and an analytical limit of detection of 36.23 CFU/mL for EHEC O157:H7, offering rapid detection within 30 min. Furthermore, the biosensor displayed exceptional specificity and exhibited high accuracy. The RSD of three varying concentrations were respectively 5.39 %, 3.85 % and 4.82 %.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengendali Suhu pada Proses Pasteurisasi Susu Murni Menggunakan Arduino Berbasis IoT

This research aims to design and develop a temperature control device for the pasteurization process of pure milk using Arduino based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The device is designed to monitor and regulate the temperature automatically during the pasteurization process to ensure its quality and safety. Arduino, as the main platform, is used to collect temperature data through temperature sensors that are directly connected to the system. The temperature data is then sent to a server through the internet network for real-time processing and monitoring. Intelligent temperature control algorithms are implemented in Arduino to adjust heating or cooling during the pasteurization process according to the set temperature point. The results of this research are expected to provide an efficient and accurate solution for temperature control in the pasteurization process of pure milk, as well as improve the overall safety and quality of dairy products.

Traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigeration with variable phase-coordinated boundary conditions.

Thermoacoustic refrigerators exploit the thermodynamic interaction between oscillating gas particles and a porous solid to generate a temperature gradient that provides a cooling effect. In this work, we present a resonator with dual enclosed driver end-caps and show that the temperature gradient across a ceramic thermoacoustic element placed in the cavity could be controlled by modifying the phase difference of the drivers, thus enabling precise control of the refrigeration capability via the temperature difference. Through deltaec simulation results, the response of the temperature gradient to various dynamic boundary conditions that alter the time-phasing and wave dynamics in the resonator are demonstrated. An experimental apparatus is constructed with two moving-coil speakers and a ceramic stack, which is shown to exhibit a temperature gradient along its length, based on the traveling-wave-like nature of the acoustic wave excited by the speakers. By adjusting the relative phase lag between the two speakers, the temperature gradient across the stack is made to increase, decrease, or flip sign. Finally, a desired temperature difference that changes in time is achieved. The results presented in this work represent a key conceptual advancement of thermoacoustic-based temperature control devices that can better serve in extreme environments and precision applications.

Ensuring the thermal regime of spacecraft structures

The main requirement for the smooth operation of the spacecraft is its stable thermal regime. A particularly difficult task is to ensure a stable temperature control system of the device, taking into account strict restrictions on energy and mass costs for temperature control devices. These tasks need to be solved at every stage of the creation of satellites. At each stage, thermal calculations are carried out with the choice of optimal thermophysical parameters. This amount of work is about a tenth of all work with the satellite. The need for theoretical and experimental refinement of calculation methods is an urgent task that will significantly reduce the material and time costs of designing, testing and fine-tuning the device. Therefore, the calculation and analysis of the thermal regimes of spacecraft is an important stage in the design of satellites. Ground thermal vacuum tests are very costly, both in time and financially. The essence of the concept is to conduct only stationary thermal modes under conditions of maximum and minimum thermal loads on the satellite as a whole and its individual external elements, followed by ensuring convergence of test results with calculated results. And the confirmation of intermediate requirements to ensure the specified thermal conditions is carried out by calculation. The article considers the tasks of ensuring the thermal regime of spacecraft structures. Classification of devices used to ensure the thermal regime. Ground-based testing of the thermal regime of communication satellites during thermal vacuum tests. Ensuring the thermal regime of the communication spacecraft during ground-based electrical tests. Thermal regime of spacecraft structures during transportation from the manufacturer to the technical position.

Abstract 255: Independent Association of Interleukin 6 With Neuronal Injury Depend on Cardiac Arrest Severity in the Patients With Post Resuscitation Care

Aim: A recent trial did not demonstrate a significant relationship between interleukin 6 (IL-6) and neuronal injury, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE). However, it is a well-understood concept throughout medicine that treatment effects depend on injury or disease severity. We hypothesize that IL-6 is independently associated with NSE according to cardiac arrest severity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of IL-6 with NSE during post-resuscitation care according to cardiac arrest severity. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent post-resuscitation care. IL-6 and NSE were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h immediately after applying the temperature control device. We divided the cohort into three groups of low, moderate, and severe severity based on the “Revised Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome for Therapeutic Hypothermia” scoring system. Stepwise linear regression was performed to analyze the correlation of the entire IL-6 measured at all times with the inflammatory, myocardial injury, and neuronal injury markers to account for other covariables. Results: Of the 111 enrolled patients, 22, 59, and 28 were in low, moderate, and severe severity groups, respectively. Median IL-6 and NSE were significantly different between groups (IL-6, 145.2 pg/mL vs. 949.7 pg/mL vs. 1100.7 pg/mL, p = 0.001; NSE, 24.4 ng/mL vs. 48.7 ng/mL vs. 63.2 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that the IL-6 did not significantly correlate with other markers in low severity groups (F = 2.38, p = 0.13); however, in the severe severity group, IL-6 was independently correlated with NSE in severe severity groups (β = 8.16, p = 0.001). Conclusion: IL-6 level was associated with cardiac arrest severity. IL-6 was independently correlated with NSE in the severe severity group but not in low to moderate severity groups. Therefore, the correlation between IL-6 and neuronal injury markers may be dependent on the cardiac arrest severity.

Measuring protein unfolding thermodynamic stability in one minute with digital temperature control-equipped nanoESI-mass spectrometry

Rapidly measuring protein thermodynamic stability is vital for understanding the fast protein folding and unfolding processes, involving many human disease-linked protein structures and the fulfilment of their dynamic functions. Heating-induced protein unfolding and conformational transformation studies may generate a variety of protein thermodynamic stability information such as protein melting temperature (Tm) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG). Previous nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) - mass spectrometry (MS) has been interfaced with online heating device to achieve such information, but mostly operating in a slow mode in terms of temperature control. Herein, a new module for digital temperature control (DTC) was constructed and assembled into a nanoESI device, allowing for ultrafast measurement of thermodynamic stability. Typically, DTC can achieve whole-range heating-induced unfolding in 33 s with temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 99 °C but with jump step of 3 °C and deviation less than 1 °C. Notably, thanks to the advantage of ultrafast and precise temperature control, only less than 100 nL protein sample was consumed for each test, saving samples by more than 100 folds compared to previously reported temperature control devices. Besides, with the DTC-nanoESI-MS regime, we successfully achieved solution pH-dependent protein thermodynamics, which serves as first proof-of-concept demonstration for future applications even at a proteome level directly from limited biological samples.

Compression Behavior of Municipal Solid Waste in Temperature-Controlled Isotropic Condition

Abstract The mechanical response of municipal solid waste (MSW) under different types of loading and testing conditions has been explored by many researchers. However, the effect of temperature on MSW compressibility has yet to be investigated. Temperature enhancement is well-known in landfill engineering, mainly when the bioreactor philosophy is employed. The generated heat gradients affect the solid particles and fluid phases. As a result, the mechanical response of MSW will be different compared with the most recent research results. Only a few investigations have been conducted on the impact of temperature on MSW’s mechanical response. This research shows how temperature enhancement impacts the compression behavior of MSW specimens with different compositions. A large-scale temperature-controlled triaxial device capable of imposing temperatures up to 85°C has been used. It is shown that, with increasing temperature, the compressive strains for MSW increase. However, the waste composition, mainly the MSW plastic content, also affects these strains. The temperature enhancements increase the mechanical creep and immediate compression indexes but decrease the samples’ elastic rebound and swelling index. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how pore water pressure affects the effective stress in such varying temperature conditions considering the waste particles’ compressibility. The achieved values show that the pore water pressure effect on effective stress is reduced up to 75 % because of the particles’ compressibility. The permeability of samples was examined based on the isotropic compression results. The results confirmed that MSW’s permeability depends on the plastic content, applied confining stress, and temperature. Increasing the temperature level showed a reduction in the permeability of samples. However, this difference was not paramount.

A temperature-tunable chirality-selective meta-absorber for electromagnetic encrypted imaging

Metamaterial-based technologies offer opportunities to realize spin-selective encryption platforms for key encoding, yet the flexibility and controllability of encrypted imaging are not satisfactory well enough. In this paper, we propose a temperature tunable chirality-selective meta-absorber based on the thermal phase change material of vanadium dioxide (VO2). The meta-absorber has the functionality of spin-selective absorption in high temperature, which enables perfect absorption at resonant frequency for one spin state of light, and a little loss for the other, resulting in a significant absorption circular dichroism (CD). The CD can be actively manipulated by ambient temperature (i.e., conductivity of VO2). Importantly, spin-encoded near-field imaging of letters and quick response codes are achieved using the CD effect of VO2 resonators and their enantiomers. The image contrast decreases with the reduction of ambient temperature and disappears at room temperature, which enables thermal-control electromagnetic encrypted imaging and hiding. This work provides a route for the development of tunable chiroptical systems, information encryption technologies, and temperature-control imaging devices.

Impact of Fuzzy Tsukamoto in Controlling Room Temperature and Humidity

Dry season is a season where the room temperature exceeds the needs of the body so that it is unpleasant, unhealthy and can interfere with human productivity. In addition, the efficiency of use and resource requirements are also a concern for some people. To overcome this problem, an automatic room temperature control device was created using the ESP32 microcontroller with Tsukamoto's fuzzy algorithm optimization as a data processing technique to produce optimal fan speeds in duty cycle units based on temperature and humidity conditions in realtime. Four tests by running a fan for 30 minutes on each showed that the average difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures in the room was 0.95°C, while the average difference between maximum and minimum humidity was 2.0%. In addition, the test graph shows that when the fan is rotated in a closed room without air circulation, the relative temperature change increases from the initial minute to the last minute of the test. Meanwhile, changes in relative humidity decrease, although fluctuations increase within 1-4 minutes. This study found that fans are not effective in lowering room temperature optimally. Therefore, it is recommended to replace with an exhaust fan in future research.

Penerapan Internet of Thing (IoT) Dalam Pengendalian Suhu, Kelembaban dan PH Air Kolam pada Mini EduFarm

In cultivating fish using ponds, there are quite a number of parameters that must be considered in order to get the desired results and minimize failure in the cultivation of the fish itself. The problems that occur in fish farming according to the references obtained are the temperature and pH of the water that are not in accordance with the needs of the fish itself. Optimal water temperature conditions for intensive catfish maintenance are 25 – 30°C. Meanwhile, from time to time the temperature of the water can change due to certain factors. Based on the above problems, IoT technology is used which can identify and detect the data above, so that it can analyze the required data and automatic feeding with consistent time. Testing will be carried out by adjusting the data taken by the sensor used as well as the output from the tool itself by utilizing existing manual measuring instruments so that the data taken by the sensor itself is not in doubt the data taken by the sensor itself. Automatic temperature control devices and pool monitoring will be a solution to problems beyond human control. The tool will detect the pool temperature, if it feels like the pool water temperature needs to be warmed up, then the water will be channeled by a water pump to the heatsink attached to the cold side of the TEC, then the colder water will be put back into the pool, and vice versa when the pool water temperature feels cold. The monitoring system can make it easier for catfish breeders to monitor pond water conditions via mobile phones only with the web.

CAT on MOUSE: Control and automation of temperature for single-sided NMR instruments such as NMR-MOUSE.

Temperature-dependent experiments are a rapidly growing area of interest for low-field NMR. In this work, we present a new device for wide-range temperature control for single-sided NMR instruments. The presented device, called CAT, is simple to build, inexpensive, and easy to modify to accommodate different samples. We present the capabilities of the device using a freezing temperature study of acetic acid/water mixtures. Additionally, we present the stability of the device over long measurement times. We believe that by introducing such a device with an open-source design, we allow researchers to use it in a wide range of applications and to fully incorporate variable-temperature studies in the world of single-sided instruments.

Two-year outcomes of temperature-controlled radiofrequency device treatment of the nasal valve for patients with nasal airway obstruction.

The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term symptom improvements in patients with nasal airway obstruction (NAO) secondary to nasal valve collapse (NVC) following minimally invasive temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) treatment. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter study in patients >18 years with NAO due to NVC. Inclusion criteria were response to nasal valve dilation (e.g., modified Cottle maneuver) and baseline Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale score ≥60. Patients were treated in the nasal valve region with a TCRF device and followed through 2 years. A responder was ≥20% reduction NOSE Scale score or ≥1 reduction in severity class. A total of 122 patients were treated and 91 reached 2 years. The mean baseline NOSE Scale score was 80.3 (95% CI, 78.1-82.6). The adjusted mean change in score at 2 years was -45.8 (95% CI, -53.5 to -38.1), p < 0.001; a 57.0% improvement. The 2-year responder rate was 90.1% (95% CI, 82.3%-94.7%). Significant and sustained symptom improvement was achieved in subpopulations based on sex, age, body mass index, baseline NAO severity, nasal surgery history, NVC mechanism, septal deviation, and other anatomic contributors of NAO. No serious adverse events with a relationship to the study device and/or procedure were reported. Minimally invasive TCRF device treatment of the internal nasal valve for NAO is well tolerated and leads to significant and sustained improvement in NAO symptom severity through 2 years, including in patients with both static and dynamic NVC, septal deviation, turbinate enlargement, or prior nasal surgery. 2b.

EE71 Budget Impact Analysis of a Non-Invasive Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Device for the Treatment of Nasal Airway Obstruction

Nasal airway obstruction (NAO) is a common condition that presents with congestion and feeling of fullness in the nasal cavity. Chronic NAO presents a significant economic burden and current treatments for NAO can be invasive and costly. The objective of this study is to determine the budget impact of a non-invasive temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) device for the treatment of NAO.

Design and evaluation of a quasi-monochromatic and high-energy flow thermophotovoltaic test system

The energy conversion efficiency of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells is quite different for different spectral energy and related to the spectral energy intensity. To obtain the energy conversion relationship of the thermophotovoltaic cell for various spectral energy with high-density flux, a test system was designed, which consists of a blackbody radiation source, spectrum control device, temperature control device, thermophotovoltaic cells, and cooling device. To evaluate the performance of the test system, the Monte Carlo ray tracing method and the finite volume method is applied to analyze the spectral energy transfer and temperature of the primary devices. The quasi-monochromatic and high-energy flow that reaches the cell surface can be obtained. The energy conversion performance of thermophotovoltaic cells under a single high-energy spectrum can be thoroughly investigated through this designed test system. The results show that the energy transfer efficiency of this newly designed test system is greater than 14 %. When the radiation source temperature is 1000 K, 1500 K, 2000 K, and 2500 K, the design efficiency of the testing system is 14.11 %, 14.38 %, 14.58 %, and 14.87 %, respectively. When the temperature of the blackbody radiation source is 2000 K and 2500 K, the energy conversion efficiency of the GaSb cell is 20.37 % and 22.85 %, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for developing a quasi-monochromatic and high-energy flow thermophotovoltaic test system.

Optimization of thermoelectric temperature control systems

Objective. The aim of the study is to study the methods of temperature control using the Peltier element in a given temperature range.Method. A heating method is applied using a Peltier element in a temperature control device of a small plate by regulating the current and using a cooling fan to reduce inertia.Result. A technique for controlling the Peltier element to maintain the required temperature is obtained, which is carried out using the PWM method generated by the ATmega2560 processor. The H-bridge on the L6203 integrated circuit switches the current direction and can control the current up to 5A on the Peltier element using a PWM signal.Conclusion. The resulting control algorithm provides an increase in the heating current on the Peltier until the temperature rises to a predetermined high temperature value, and then by changing the direction of the current, a cooling current is created on the Peltier element until the temperature of the copper plate drops to a predetermined low temperature. With repeated repetition of this sequence, the regularity of temperature changes is monitored to study the process of heating and cooling the plate using the Peltier element.