Tempe Wastewater Research Articles

Biocoagulant effectivity test in tempe wastewater treatment: the effect of biocoagulant type and dosage

Biocoagulant effectivity test in tempe wastewater treatment: the effect of biocoagulant type and dosage

Tempeh Industry Wastewater Treatment using Mix Natural Adsorbents (Zeolite, Bentonite, Water Hyacinth-Activated Carbon): Effect of Mass Ratio and Dosage of Mix Adsorbents on Turbidity and pH

Adsorption is the process of agglomeration of dissolved substances in solution by the surface of an absorbent substance which makes the material enter and collect in an absorbent substance. Natural adsorbents that function to treat tempe liquid waste are zeolite, bentonite, and water hyacinth activated carbon. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the mass ratio and dose of natural adsorbents on the turbidity and pH values of tempe wastewater. The mass ratio variation used was the ratio of each material in the form of zeolite: bentonite: active carbon of water hyacinth in the form of R1 (1:1:1); R2 (2:1:1); R3 (1:2:1); and R4 (1:1:2). The adsorbent dose carried out was 1.5 gr; 3 grams; and 4.5 gr per 100 ml volume of liquid waste. The contact time between the adsorbent and the liquid waste is every 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes. Processing of tempe liquid waste was carried out in laboratory-scale batches with 120 rpm stirring. The analysis was carried out in form of turbidity, pH, COD, BOD, and TSS. The results showed that the adsorption was able to reduce turbidity and increase the pH level up to 99% by stirring the mass ratio R2 (2:1:1) for 150 minutes with a dose of 4.5 grams. It was found that the turbidity value decreased from 520.5 NTU to 2.47 NTU =ncrease in pH levels reaching 75% at 150 minutes of stirring at a dose of 4.5 grams. Decreased pH value from 3.7 to 6.4. The maximum adsorption capacity validation results were obtained based on the Frendulinch analysis of 7.07-49.75 mg/g with a Freundlich constant of 0.67-0.70 at a dose of 4.5 grams.

Pengaruh Air Limbah Tempe terhadap Pertumbuhan Kakao (Theobroma cacao L)

Cocoa plants have economic value and are a source of foreign exchange for the country. According to ICCO data for 2021, the total production of Indonesian cocoa plants for the last 5 years has decreased. The decline in Indonesia's cocoa production was caused by aging cocoa trees. The production of cocoa must pay attention to aspects of cultivation to increase the quality and quantity of production. Nurseries can affect further growth and produce maximum production. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giving tempe wastewater on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). The research was conducted at the Saung of the Jember State Polytechnic, Sumbersari-Jember District, from September 2022 to January 2023. The study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the composition of the topsoil planting medium: manure: sand which consists of 3 levels: 2:1:1 (A1), 1:2:1 (A2), 1:1:2 (A3). The second factor is tempe wastewater: EM4: Aquadest which consists of 3 levels, namely 300 ml: 100 ml: 600 ml (B1), 500 ml: 100 ml: 400 ml (B2), 600 ml: 100 ml: 300 ml (B3 ). The results of the research gave significantly different results for the parameter of stem diameter and significantly different for the parameter of plant height.

EFEKTIVITAS ARANG AKTIF CANGKANG KEMIRI (Aleuritas molaccanu) UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH TEMPE

This study aims to determine the effect of giving candlenut shell activated charcoal using the parameters BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and pH (power of hydrogen) in tempe waste. The research uses quantitative methods, the type of research is experimental and laboratory observation. The research sample consisted of tempe waste and candlenut shell activatedcharcoal. The data analysis technique consisted of calculating the effectiveness and efficiency of removal, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The results showed that activated charcoal of candlenut shells could reduce BOD and TSS levels in tempe waste. In addition, it can increase the pH of tempe wastewater to normal (pH = 7). Overall, the BOD parameters are still in normal conditionsand have not passed the predetermined threshold. The removal efficiency of activated charcoal from candlenut shells on BOD, TSS, and pH levels in tempe waste as a whole increased. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test for the BOD parameter obtained a significant value (Asymp. Sig.) of 0.083 > 0.05. TSS obtained a significant value (Asymp. Sig.) of 0.881 > 0.05. pH obtained a significant value (Asymp. Sig.) of 0.351 > 0.05. Thus, H0 is accepted or there is no significant (significant) difference in the ability of candlenut shell activated charcoal to BOD, TSS, and pH levels in tempe waste. This is because the samples used in laboratory tests on tempeh waste are still small, only repeated twice, the weight of the candlenut shell activated charcoal is only 5 grams and 10 grams, respectively.The conclusion shows that there is a decrease caused by giving candlenut shell activated charcoal using BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) parameters, as well as making the pH (power of hydrogen) neutral (pH 7) in tempe waste.

Fermentasi Rasio C/N pada Limbah Cair Tempe Menggunakan Bakteri Pseudomonas sp terhadap Parameter pH, Kadar Nitrogen, dan Total Bakteri

Tempe industry is one type of industry that produces liquid waste which can cause pollution if it is not managed properly because it contains high enough organic compounds, to overcome these problems then the idea arises to utilize tempe liquid waste to become a useful final product by managing it. as organic liquid fertilizer which is useful for fertilizing plants. This study aims to determine the pH, nitrogen and total bacterial content of tempe wastewater fermentation in this study. In this study there were two treatments, namely the processing of tempe liquid waste without bacteria (blank), the processing of liquid tempeh with the addition of the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Analysis of fertilizer quality parameters such as pH, nitrogen and totalbacteria.

Utilization of Montmorillonite-Modified Earthenware from Bentonite-Ca as a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Membrane Based on Tempe Liquid Waste as a Substrate

Modifications of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) membrane need to be carried out to increase its electric potential energy. This research aims to determine the effect of montmorillonite from bentonite-Ca as a composite in modified earthenware (GT), which is then used as a membrane of the MFC-based on tempe wastewater as substrate. The results obtained were compared to MFC that used pure earthenware membrane (GM). The ratio of bentonite-Ca and clay in GT was 50:50, while GM used 100% of clay. Characterizations of GT dan GM were performed using FTIR, XRD, and SAA. MFC testing was carried out for 24 hours, where every 2 hours, measurements of potential difference (V), current (A), and power density (W/cm2) were carried out. FTIR and XRD data showed an increase in montmorillonite content in GT, while SAA data showed a decrease in pore volume in GT. The decrease in pore volume GT occurs due to an increase in the number of trivalent cations (Al3+, Fe3+) and bivalent (Mg2+). These cations help transfer protons from the anode to the cathode, which causes a decrease in the potential difference and an increase in the current strength and the MFC-GT power density. The average difference between the decrease in potential difference from MFC-GM to MFC-GT is 0.043 V, while the increase in current is 0.022 mA, and the increase in power density is 0.163 mW/cm2.

KOMPARASI PROSES FITOREMEDIASI LIMBAH CAIR PEMBUATAN TEMPE MENGGUNAKAN TIGA JENIS TANAMAN AIR

Tempe waste water contains high organic matter because the raw material used to making tempe (soybean) containing protein. If tempe waste water thrown away directly into environment, it would cause water pollution, destroy the habitat of aquatic biota and causing foul odor. One of the easy efforts to reduce the impact is using phytoremediation. The aim of this research was to know the best treatment to decrease parameter such as BOD, COD, TSS, pH, turbidity and N of the tempe waste water by aquatic plants, i.e. water hyacinth (Eg), water spinach (Ka) and water lettuce (Ki). The research was conducted in laboratory experiment scale using aquarium with length of 40 cm, width of 15 cm and tall of 25 cm to each treatment with 3 replications. The data were analyzed descriptively. It was to determined the best treatment of the aquatic plant that has highest efficiency to decrease negatively parameter of waste water quality. The result showed that the applied of water hyacinth (Eg) was the best treatment in decreasing parameter of tempe waste water quality with efficiency value, such as turbidity of 85.03%; TSS of 66.44%; COD of 59.11%; BOD of 77.91% and N of 61.77%.
 Keywords: phytoremediation, tempe waste water, water hyacinth, water lettuce, water spinach

The effects of biofilm and selective mixed culture on the electricity outputs and wastewater quality of tempe liquid waste based microbial fuel cell

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is highly prospective to be developed because it could be utilized as the alternative electricity sources and simultaneously as the wastewater treatment unit using microorganism as catalyst. Industrial Tempe wastewater has the potential to be used as MFC substrate since it still contains high nutrition for microbe and could pollute the environment if it disposed before being processed first. This study focused on investigating the effect of selective mixed culture addition and biofilm formation on the electricity production and the wastewater treatment aspects with tubular single chamber membranless reactor and industrial Tempe wastewater substrate. The result showed that, with the addition of selective mixed culture, the optimum electricity production obtained with addition of 1 ml gram-negative bacteria with increase in electricity production up to 92.14% and average voltage of 17.91 mV, while the optimum decreased levels of COD and BOD obtained with addition of 5 ml gram-negative bacteria which are 29.32% and 51.32%. On the biofilm formation experiment, optimum electricity production obtained from biofilm formation time for 14 days with increase in electricity production up to 10-folds and average voltage of 30.52 mV, while the optimum decreased levels of COD and BOD obtained from biofilm formation time for 7 days which are 18.2% and 35.9%.Keywords : biofilm, Microbial Fuel Cell, selective mixed culture, Tempe wastewater, tubular reactor

The effects of biofilm and selective mixed culture on the electricity outputs and wastewater quality of tempe liquid waste based microbial fuel cell

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is highly prospective to be developed because it could be utilized as the alternative electricity sources and simultaneously as the wastewater treatment unit using microorganism as catalyst. Industrial Tempe wastewater has the potential to be used as MFC substrate since it still contains high nutrition for microbe and could pollute the environment if it disposed before being processed first. This study focused on investigating the effect of selective mixed culture addition and biofilm formation on the electricity production and the wastewater treatment aspects with tubular single chamber membranless reactor and industrial Tempe wastewater substrate. The result showed that, with the addition of selective mixed culture, the optimum electricity production obtained with addition of 1 ml gram-negative bacteria with increase in electricity production up to 92.14% and average voltage of 17.91 mV, while the optimum decreased levels of COD and BOD obtained with addition of 5 ml gram-negative bacteria which are 29.32% and 51.32%. On the biofilm formation experiment, optimum electricity production obtained from biofilm formation time for 14 days with increase in electricity production up to 10-folds and average voltage of 30.52 mV, while the optimum decreased levels of COD and BOD obtained from biofilm formation time for 7 days which are 18.2% and 35.9%.Keywords : biofilm, Microbial Fuel Cell, selective mixed culture, Tempe wastewater, tubular reactor

Productive Liquid Fertilizer from Liquid Waste Tempe Industry as Revealed by Various EM4 Concentration

Recently, using of productive liquid fertilizer assumed as a proper and practical fertilizer for plant productivity purposes. Various ways of enrichment of liquid fertilizer were done to achieve certain quality. The purpose of this research was to determine the proper additional formulation in the process of making productive liquid fertilizer based on the various concentration of EM4 as well as comparated the result with SNI. Liquid tempe waste were collected from some tempe industries at Sidorejo Kidul village, Tingkir district, Salatiga. The concentration of EM4 which were added to the tempe wastewater are 0%; 0.20%; 0.40%; 0.60%; 0.80%; 1.00% respectively. The pH, temperature, C total, N total, C/N ratio, and PO43- were measured. Data was analyzed by using Randomize Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Comparison between the average, the Honestly Significance Deference (HSD) 5% was used. The results showed that the addition of EM4 indicated there were a significant progress. Moreover, the most effective formula to increase the quality of productive liquid fertilizer from liquid waste tempe was found in addition of 1.00% EM4 with the gained analysis value for the C total, N total, C/N ratio, and degree of PO43- as follows : 4.395 ± 1.034%; 1.470 ± 0.081%; 3.01 ± 0.756; 685.28 ± 70.44 ppm . Associated with the need fulfillment of SNI hence can be concluded that result of Productive Liquid Fertilizer (PLF) from liquid waste tempe successfully fulfill SNI of liquid fertilizer for pH parameter and total N, only.

Tempe Waste Water Degradation Using TiO2-N/Bentonite alginate Granule Photocatalyst with Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

Tempe waste water stew has high ammonia concentration which causes odor due to polluting by anaerobic decay. Free ammonia in the waste has exceeded the limit, thus endangering the aquatic environment. This research aims to determine the activity of photocatalyst granule TiO2-N/bentonite-alginate as decomposers of compounds in the photodegradation process. Photodegradation is the decomposition process of compounds by semiconductors with light. Results expected includes the photocatalyst activity of TiO2-N/bentonite-alginate granule produced by ultraviolet rays is known based on the effect of dopant N concentration on the catalyst and the effect of photocatalytic ratio toward tempe waste water. Methods proposed in this research are activation of bentonite using H2SO4 0.8 M, TiO2-N synthesize by sonication method with urea as the source of N, then TiO2-N impregnation into bentonite. Photocatalyst in granule form synthesized with alginate was then dripped with syringe pump into 3% (w/v) CaCl2. The photocatalyst characterization will be performed using XRD. The optimum tempe waste water degradation at the concentration of TiO2-N 0.4 (g/g) bentonite is 53.66%. The ratio of photocatalyst and tempe waste water, optimum at 150 mg of photocatalyst with 25 mL of waste equal to 53.66%.

Solid-liquid anaerobic baffled reactor treating food waste

The characteristics of the sauce industrial wastewater is high organic degradable materials, it requires adequate treatment in order to process wastewater is technically and economically feasible. The main treatment to remove high content of organic material is anaerobic process. The presence of a preservative agent in wastewater would lead to disruption of the growth of micro-organisms. Slow the growth of anaerobic bacteria require a solids residence time (solid retention time, SRT) period in anaerobic reactors. This research is to observe the effect of input COD with constant sludge height to the removal of COD. Main equipment process of anaerobic reactor is baffled reactor. Activated sludge used are obtained from the tofu and tempe wastewater treatment unit in Semarang while synthetic wastewater was obtained from dissolution of preservative material product (Del monte sauce). The control parameter was: pH, alkalinity, the ratio of COD: N: P, baffled configuration, wastewater flow rate (20 L/day), addition of micro-nutrient and height of suldge. The variable of reseach was initial COD input. The observed response is: COD removal and pH. The total COD removal for low organic loading (2369.7 mg COD/L) is 80.36 to 98.03 % and for high organic loading (7334 mg COD/L) is 98.15.

Sodium percarbonate addition as electrolyte and buffer to produce electricity economically using industrial-tempeh-wastewater based microbial fuel cell

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an energy conversion system used by bacteria to generate electricity from organic wastes. Currently, MFC electricity is still small, so it complemented by electrolytes. Previous research shows the addition of potassium persulfate can increase electric voltage 10-fold, but this is less economical so it is necessary to find alternative electrolyte. Sodium percarbonate is a cheap electrolyte which has buffering ability. Therefore, a performance study of single-chamber-MFC using sodium percarbonate electrolyte and or without buffer was conducted by measuring electricity production and tempe wastewater treatment quality (BOD and COD). This result was compared with the results of MFC with potassium persulfate with and without a buffer in the same procedure. In MFC containing sodium percarbonate, charge reversal occurred, with average power 0.04 mW/m2, only 1.25% average power of MFC containing potassium persulfate. These results increased by buffer addition. Other results show that MFC containing sodium percarbonate will degrade more than 40% COD, greater than MFC with potassium persulfate, but still not efficient because Coloumb Efficiency was only in the range of 10-6 %. Nevertheless, this system can produce 63% BOD5 reduction when a buffer was not added.

Merubah Ancaman Bahaya Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menjadi Peluang Ekonomi

Abstrak : Changing the Threat of tofu Wastewater Hazardous to be Economical Oppurtunities. Wastewater from Tahu industry known as “whey” are offensive and be able to cause negative impact to the environment. This problem is caused by the characteristic of whey which is hot, acid, and containing much organic material. Because of this characteristic, their dissolve oxygen is also zero ppm. Measurement of tahu and tempe wastewater in Semanan, Jakarta Barat showed that the whey contains 1.324 mg/l of BOD5, 6.698 mg/l of COD, 84,4 mg/l of NH4, 1,76 mg/l of nitrate and 0,17 mg/l of nitrite 1). The potential hazard of whey to aquatic life can be measured by counting the concentration of whey’s parameter which be able to cause the death of tilapia (LC50), that is from 3,80% up to 11,5% at 24 hours exposure; 3,67% up to 14,30% at 72 hours exposure; and 3,38% up to 12,10% at 72 hours exposure 2). On the other hand, Acetobacter can change sugar to be vinegar, with byproduct is film coat “nata” floating. Factors influencing Acetobacter growth are sources of Carbon and Nitrogen. Appropriate nutrient content will produce “rendemen nata” (de coco) maximum, that is up to 93,3% 3). This study aims to know does the whey which is added by Acetobacter xylinum can produce nata de soya?. The result gave information that if into the whey added the Acetobacter (made from ripe pineapple) as a starter, and urea in acidic condition, would produce rendemen nata approximately 30%–40%. 4). Keywords: wastewater of tahu industry; nata de soya of whey

Effect of Methylene Blue Addition as a Redox Mediator on Performance of Microbial Desalination Cell by Utilizing Tempe Wastewater

Effect of Methylene Blue Addition as a Redox Mediator on Performance of Microbial Desalination Cell by Utilizing Tempe Wastewater

Effect of Methylene Blue Addition as a Redox Mediator on Performance of Microbial Desalination Cell by Utilizing Tempe Wastewater

Effect of Methylene Blue Addition as a Redox Mediator on Performance of Microbial Desalination Cell by Utilizing Tempe Wastewater