Use Of Television Research Articles

Helping and Hurting on the TV Screen: Bounded Generalized Reciprocity and Interracial Group Expectations

ABSTRACT Two survey studies, one with a college sample (Study 1, n = 245) and one with a national U.S. adult sample (Study 2, n = 590) examined how media messages can influence attitudes toward Black people in the U.S. A novel contribution is the role of Bounded Generalized Reciprocity, or the belief that members of an outgroup are likely to return a favor (positive), or enact retribution for a wrong (negative) as a factor in the relationship between television use and attitudes. Study 1 (college student sample) found support for a relationship between lifetime television exposure and negative attitudes, mediated by negative reciprocity beliefs. Study 2 (U.S. adult sample) found support for an ambivalence effect, where lifetime television exposure was associated with increases in both positive and negative reciprocity beliefs. This indicates that reciprocity beliefs can be cultivated similarly to other kinds of beliefs (e.g., crime frequency, mean world), and that these beliefs have downstream relationships with racial attitudes. The direction in which they are influenced by television use remains an open question, and likely depends on TV content patterns over time.

Parental Perception of the Social and Physical Environment Contributes to Gender Inequalities in Children's Screen Time.

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore how parental perceptions of the social and physical environment of the neighborhood was associated with 3- to 10-year-old children's use of traditional and modern screen devices. Participants were recruited under the scope of the project ObesInCrisis, conducted in 2016-2017 in the cities of Porto, Coimbra, and Lisbon (Portugal). Data from 6347 children aged 3-10 years were analyzed (3169 boys [49.9%]). A parental questionnaire was used to collect data on children's screen time (dependent variable) and parents' perceived social and physical environment (from the Environmental Module of the International Physical Activity Prevalence Study questionnaire; independent variable), parental education, and urbanization (used as covariates). Neighborhood features were more correlated with girls' screen time, than with boys', particularly among younger children. Also, more social than physical characteristics of the neighborhood were positively associated with children's use of television and mobile devices (ie,tablet and smartphone). Community-based approaches should improve the social environment and implement supervised after-school programs to encourage and support children to be outdoors and spend less time in sedentary pursuits.

Application of E-Learning Technologies in the Management of Secondary Schools in the Era of Emergency in Rivers State

The study investigated application of e-learning technologies in the management of secondary schools in the era of emergency in Rivers State. Two research questions and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted descriptive design. The population of the study comprised all the 276 public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. A sample of 206 principals was drawn using simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was titled ‘Application of E-Learning Technologies in the Management of Secondary Schools in the Era of Emergency Questionnaire (AETMSSEEQ). The instrument was validated by an expert in Educational Management and two other experts in Measurement and Evaluation for internal consistency. Cronbach Alpha method was used to establish reliability index of the instrument at 0.82. Data collected was collated and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study showed that principals responded positively that the use of laptop and television can be applied in the management of secondary schools in the era of emergency. Furthermore, the study showed that a significant difference exists between the mean scores of male and female respondents on the ways the use of television can be applied in the management of secondary schools in the era of emergency. It was concluded that e-learning technologies can be used in the management of secondary schools in the era of emergency in Rivers State. Recommendations were made included that government should make adequate funds for provision of e-learning technologies (such as, Wi-Fi, laptops, smartphones, tablets, etc.) and other logistical support that would strengthen seamless application of e-learning technologies in the management of in public secondary schools in the state.

Exposure to different types of mass media and timing of antenatal care initiation: insights from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey

BackgroundEarly initiation of antenatal care (ANC) within the first trimester is highly recommended in the current 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mass media has the potential to promote early initiation of ANC because it has been used successfully in several programs. However, there is paucity of literature on the effect of exposure to different types of media on the timing of ANC initiation in Uganda. Our study aimed at exploring associations between exposure to different types of mass media and timing of ANC initiation among women in Uganda.MethodsWe used a cross sectional study design, to conduct a secondary analysis of data collected in the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). We included weighted data of all the 10,152 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between exposure to different types of mass media and early initiation of ANC.ResultsAlmost a third of the women (2953/10,152, 29.1%, 95% CI 27.9–29.6) initiated their first ANC contact in the first trimester. Women who listened to radio at least once a week (adjusted OR (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.30) and those who watched television less than once a week (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.53) had higher odds of initiating ANC earlier compared to their counterparts not exposed to radio and television respectively.ConclusionExposure to radio and television is associated with timing of ANC initiation in Uganda. Importantly, the two types of mass media have the potential to reach women with low levels of education and encourage them to utilize maternal health services. The Ugandan government needs to prioritize and intensify the use of radio and television to promote the benefits associated with timing of ANC initiation.

Family planning campaigns on television and contraceptive use in India

Family planning campaigns on television and contraceptive use in India

Family planning campaigns on television and contraceptive use in India.

The paper examines the association between viewing family planning campaigns on television and being aware, improved intention to use, and current usage of modern contraceptives in India. The study uses detailed data of the currently married women from the current round of the National Family Health Survey. We use the instrumental variable approach, propensity score matching method, besides the ordinary least square regression technique to estimate the association between viewing family planning campaigns on television and knowledge, intention to use, and current usage among the currently married women. The overall results suggest that currently married women who have seen family planning campaigns on television in the last few months are more likely to know, have a higher intention to use and use modern family planning methods. The effectiveness gets amplified when exposure to such campaigns is complemented with motivation provided by frontline health workers.

Impact of COVID-19 on South Sudan: A Review on Social and Economic Management Policies from the First Wave

In December 2019, a new respiratory disease, i.e., novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Mainland China in Wuhan the capital of Hubei Province. It spreads through droplets produced while coughing or sneezing. Its symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum production, shortness of breath, sore throat, etc. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a “Pandemic” which affected human lives and economies. South Sudan is a developing country and does not have adequate resources to overcome this pandemic (COVID-19).
 Aims: The primary objective of this article is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the youngest country in the African continent (South Sudan) on its weak economy coupled with hyperinflation and depreciation of currency etc. and lessons learned from other countries in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methodology: A review was carried out to accomplish the objective of the study by extracting data from the database of Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and authentic websites for World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, etc., studies covered major areas across the globe but more especially countries that have trade ties with South Sudan and the East African
 Results: There is a drop in South Sudan’s crude oil export which is crucial for the economy. The responsive rate to vulnerable citizens was low, inadequate policies implementations, there was massive unemployment, it has created the state of xenophobia between nationals and foreigners, online learning through the use of televisions (TVs) and radio stations has not been effective.
 Conclusion: The management of the COVID-19 pandemic call for collaboration between authorities the public, and inter-states as there is no country immune. The use of e-commerce is crucial for developing countries, which reduces social interaction between traders and consumers, reducing the chances of a complete economic shutdown. Lastly, there is also a need to establish learning infrastructures for online studies and birth control initiatives, especially for the least developed countries.

Television - as a factor of education

This article discusses the use of television as an educational tool, the broad distribution of the process approach of television, and the function of providing visualization. The fact that television is an important tool in education is highlighted in two ways. The first is approached as a direct educational factor. This includes TV programs and educational programs on the basics of science. It was noted that television education is a tool used in foreign experience, tested in national pedagogy. It was noted that television education has a special role in mastering the basics of science, the formation of forms of competence, the development of independent, creative work and thinking. The second is that television is an indirect educational factor. In this case, the spiritual and educational programs, the role of films in education are shown. The special significance of the names of TV shows is explained on the basis of examples.

ESTILO DE VIDA DE ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM E FATORES RELACIONADOS

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine nursing students’ lifestyle at a university in Mexico, according to personal factors and previous behaviors of Nola J. Pender’s Health Promotion Model. Method: this is a cross-sectional study developed at a public university of Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico, in 2019, with nursing students enrolled in the curricular internship course, totaling 130. Data were collected that include sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle and behavior characteristics through the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile I. We used Student’s t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation for the analyses. Results: of the 130 participants, 92 (70.8%) were classified as healthy lifestyle and 38 (29.2%) had a moderately healthy lifestyle. Among the scale domains, the physical activity domain was the one with the lowest score. Negative correlations were found between the self-actualization domain and clinical variables, such as blood pressure, Body Mass Index and waist circumference, and also between this domain and the time of cell phone and television use. Conclusion: the lifestyle general classification of most participants was healthy, but the analyzes of the individual domains demonstrate the need for political and clinical interventions that influence nursing students’ health-promoting behaviors.

Screen time of children with speech delay: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary center in Kuantan, Malaysia.

Studies suggest excessive screen time (use of smartphones, televisions, computers and/or video games) is linked to speech and language delay. This study explored the sociodemographic characteristics of children with speech delay in Kuantan, Malaysia, and the association of screen time with speech and other developmental delays. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2019 at the child psychiatry and speech therapy clinics, at Kuantan Hospital, Pahang, Malaysia. Parents of children with speech delay aged <72 months provided information on their children's and their own screen times. Speech and other developmental skills were assessed using the Schedule of Growing Skills II with scores reported as developmental quotient (DQ) level. The study included 91 children (67 boys, 24 girls) of whom 54.9% had primary speech delay and 45.1% had neurodevelopmental disorders; their mean age was 39.9 ± 11.52 months. The children's mean screen time was 2.26 ± 1.98 h daily, with 36.3% exceeding 2 h. Higher children's screen time was moderately correlated with higher parental screen time (rs = 0.479, P < 0.01). Household income was positively correlated with screen times of the children and the parents (rs = 0.243, P = 0.02 and rs = 0.390, p < 0.01, respectively). Parents who intended to reduce their children's screen time reported higher screen time in their children (t(89) = 2.322, P = 0.023). Children's age was positively correlated with the number of types of screen media (rs = 0.225, P = 0.032). The mean speech DQ was 54.76 ± 24.06%. Lower speech DQ was associated with lower DQs in other skills (P < 0.01). No significant correlation was shown between children's and parents' screen time with DQs of speech and other skills (P > 0.05). The correlation between parent and child screen time provides an opportunity for possible intervention, where necessary. Larger studies are required to examine this correlation further.

Clinical Profile of Refractive Errors Associated with Screen Time in Children Aged 5-15 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern India during COVID Pandemic: A Prospective Study

Introduction: Refractive errors cannot be prevented, but it is important to detect them early to improve the quality of life and prevention of blindness. Refractive errors screening in children during COVID pandemic was difficult task as they were high-risk group. Increased near activity due to online classes and smart devices usage may increase the uncorrected refractive errors. The study emphasizes on the refractive errors screening during COVID pandemic. Aim: To study the clinical profile of refractive errors of the children aged 5-15 years in a tertiary care hospital in COVID pandemic in association with screen time, outdoor activity, type of gadget, amblyopia and educational status of mother. Materials and methods:This was a hospital based prospective analytical study conducted in children 5-15 yrs attending the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of ESIC Medical College and Hospital from May 2021 to October 2021.Children were screened for refractive errors and compared with the refractive errors data of different children of same age referred from Paediatric Outpatient Department and who attended to Ophthalmology Outpatient Department for regular eye checkup in pre-pandemic time. Unaided visual acuity of all children were measured with the help of Snellen’s chart. Children with refractive errors underwent Cycloplegic Retinoscopy followed by post-mydriatic test. Screen time and outdoor activity duration were recorded. Interpretation and analysis of obtained results was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 for descriptive statistics. Non-parametric tests like Pearson Chi-square test were used to express the qualitative data.Data with p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 790 children were screened out of which 358 (45.3%) presented with refractive error when compared with the pre pandemic prevalence 276 (34.9%) out of 790 children screened, presented with the refractive error. A total of 118 (33%) of the children presented with increased blink rate associated with increased screen time and dry eye. Rate of progression of more than 1D was observed in 44 (12.29%) of which Myopia 28 (7.8%) Astigmatism 10 (2.7%) and hypermetropia 6 (1.6%) in 6 months. A total of 286 (79.8%) children presented with myopia and 24 (6.7%) presented with hypermetropia, 48 (13.4%) presented with astigmatism. A total of 258 (72.06%) presented with screen time for 4-7 hrs, and 32 (8.9%) children presented with amblyopia. Conclusion: Refractive errors increased due to smart classes in schools or use of laptops, television viewing, computers or mobiles. Hence, this reinforces the need to screen all the school going children and children with the history of gadgets use

“Here Comes a Thought”: Steven Universe as Social Emotional Curriculum

Abstract The emphasis on social emotional learning as a focus in schools has led to the development of new materials for curriculum in classrooms for teaching social emotional content and competencies. This paper conceptualizes the use of narrative television and animation, specifically, the cartoons Steven Universe and Steven Universe Future as powerful pedagogical tools for engaging social emotional learning in classrooms. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of these cartoons as tools for classroom use given their emphasis on inclusivity, diversity, and their popularity with young people today. Utilizing the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning Competencies as a framework, the paper highlights selected episodes of the shows, and demonstrates ways the shows can be used to teach these competencies. As teachers continue to encounter ever-diversifying student populations, the use of media such as Steven Universe can help support inclusive classroom environments that engage the emotional lives and experiences of young people today.

The Interactions of Media Use, Obesity, and Suboptimal Health Status: A Nationwide Time-Trend Study in China.

Obesity and suboptimal health status (SHS) have been global public health concerns in recent decades. A growing number of works have explored the relationships between media use and obesity, as well as SHS. This study aimed to examine the time trend of the associations between media use (including traditional media and new media) and obesity, as well as SHS. The data were derived from three national random samples of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), which was separately conducted in 2013, 2015, and 2017. In total, 34,468 respondents were included in this study, consisting of 16,624 males and 17,844 females, and the average age was 49.95 years old (SD = 16.72). It found that broadcast use and television use were positively associated with obesity and showed an increasing trend over time. Cellphone use emerged as a risk factor for obesity in 2017 and showed an increasing trend. By contrast, newspaper use, television use, and internet use were negatively associated with SHS, and television use showed a decreasing trend in the association with SHS, while internet and newspaper use showed an increasing trend. In conclusion, media use was positively associated with obesity while negatively associated with SHS. It showed a decreasing trend in the associations between traditional media use and obesity, while revealing an increasing trend in the associations between new media use and obesity, as well as SHS. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Associations of changes in physical activity and discretionary screen time with incident obesity and adiposity changes: longitudinal findings from the UK Biobank.

Physical activity (PA) and discretionary screen time (DST; television and computer use during leisure) are both associated with obesity risk, but little longitudinal evidence exists on their combined influence. This study examined the independent and joint associations of changes in PA and DST with incident obesity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We analysed the data of individuals aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank, a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and DST was defined as the total of daily TV viewing and non-occupational computer use. Changes in PA and DST over time were defined using departure from sex-specific baseline tertiles and categorised as worsened (PA decreased/DST increased), maintained, and improved (PA increased/DST decreased). We then used each exposure change to define a joint PA-DST change variable with nine mutually exclusive groups. We used multivariable adjusted mixed-effects linear and Poisson models to examine the independent and joint associations between PA and DST changes with BMI and WC and incident obesity, respectively. Development of a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was defined as incident obesity. Among 30,735 participants, 1,628 (5.3%) developed incident obesity over a mean follow-up of 6.9 (2.2) years. In the independent association analyses, improving PA (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR) 0.46 (0.38-0.56)) was associated with a lower risk of incident obesity than maintaining PA, maintaining DST, or improving DST. Compared to the referent group (both PA and DST worsened), all other combinations of PA and DST changes were associated with lower incident obesity risk in the joint association analyses. We observed substantial beneficial associations in the improved PA groups, regardless of DST change [e.g., DST worsened (IRR 0.31 (0.21-0.44)), maintained (IRR 0.34 (0.25-0.46)), or improved (IRR 0.35 (0.22-0.56)]. The most pronounced decline in BMI and WC was observed when PA was maintained or improved and DST was maintained. We found that improved PA had the most pronounced beneficial associations with incident obesity, irrespective of DST changes. Improvements in PA or DST mutually attenuated the deleterious effects of the other behaviour's deterioration.

COVID-19) PANDEMIC ON CHILDREN WITH SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND THEIR FAMILIES

Objective: The aim is to determine the effects of the covid-19 pandemic on the functions and psychosocial conditions of children with speech and language disorders and their families. Material-Metod: Within the scope of the study, a questionnaire form created by the researchers through "Google Forms" was applied online to 70 families with speech and language disorders and 30 families with healthy children, feedback was obtained from the families of 100 children. In the questionnaire form applied to the families; before and during the covid-19 pandemic, there are questions about families' quality time with their children, daily life activities, emotional and anxiety situations. Study data were collected between June-July 2020. Results: Spending quality time with their families before the pandemic was significantly higher in the group with speech and language disorders compared to the families of the healthy group (p &lt;0.05). During the pandemic, an increase in the use of television, tablets and computers was observed in the majority of children in both groups. In addition, families in both groups were found to have moderate/high levels of fear of transmission of the covid-19 virus to one of their families. Conclusion: It has been observed that the function and psycho-social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on children with speech and language disorders and their families is similar to healthy children and their families. In particular, it has been observed that all families experience intense fear of transmission of the disease during this epidemic process, also have high levels of anxiety about future.

Pengenalan literasi media untuk pencegahan konflik sosial pada siswa sekolah dasar di wilayah perdesaan

Human development in the field of education is very important because it relates to the quality of human life in other fields, one of which is on the social aspects, especially those related to children. The condition that occurs in children today is the high use and negative exposure of mass media, especially from the use of television and the internet. The high use of this media is not accompanied by adequate skills in children regarding access and ability to analyze the content of media messages so that negative impacts of use appear, including social conflicts between children in their environment. The purpose of this activity is to introduce the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and communicate messages in various forms of communication and information media for the prevention of social conflict in children. The method of carrying out activities using lecture, demonstration, and discussion methods. The subject of the activity is elementary school age children in Panembong Village, Bayongbong District, Garut Regency. The implementation process is carried out with the assessment stage, the implementation stage, and the assessment stage as well as the evaluation stage. The results of this activity illustrate the existence of better knowledge and understanding of elementary school age children in accessing, analyzing, evaluating and communicating messages in various forms of communication and information media, especially to prevent social conflict between peers.

Descriptive Analysis: Television Uses among Community in Rural Area, Sarawak

Television channel is used to convey messages of development agendas by the ruling government. Delivery of information through television channels especially in rural areas is still questionable because of the effectiveness level is influenced by their demographic features. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the population demographics with the frequency use of television for information searching that ultimately affects the rural community quality of life. The respondents were determined based on statistical analysis. A total of 356 respondents were involved from Asap Koyan Resettlement in Belaga, Sarawak. The data collection was using questionnaires and interview as well. The results showed that the primary government information seeking via Media Prima 44.2% and RTM 39.2%, sports, and recreational information via ASTRO channel 43.9% and other information through different channels 47.6 %. The findings also show that respondents have never and rarely watched television for a week. Based on the results of this study, television has less been chosen due to the low education level and cost of living constraints. In the future, television channels advice to broadcast more programmes specifically for the Sarawak rural community at the appropriate time to watch for up grading quality of life and their development benefits.

The Management of Theft and Vandalism on Construction Jobsites in the Southern Region of Malawi

The phenomenon of theft and vandalism on construction job sites in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has not been fully explored to guarantee the implementation of evidence-based security management practices (SMPs) to minimise losses and improve projects' profitability margins. This study investigated the management of theft and vandalism by large contractors in the Southern Region of Malawi to identify implementation issues that need improvement. A quantitative approach using an empirical survey-based questionnaire was adopted. 44 SMPs identified from the literature review were tested by data collected from a sample survey of 40 large contractors in the Southern Region of Malawi. The descriptive statistical method of mean score ranking was used to analyse the data through IBM Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Among the five-point Likert scale agreement measurements used, 11 SMPs were found to be "always used", 12 SMPs "often used", 15 SMPs "sometimes used", and six SMPs "rarely used". Overall, the top three highly ranked SMPs (in descending order) were inventorying construction materials, tools and equipment, termination of employment for offenders, and reporting theft and vandalism to enforcement agencies. Contrariwise, the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV), alarm systems and access control systems (ACS) was the least ranked SMPs. The contractors’ management improvements for theft and vandalism would need to focus on implementing proactive anti-theft and anti-vandalism SMPs whose choice should be informed by comprehensive Jobsite security risk assessment. Dissemination of the results may help contractors understand their security management strategies and implement practical solutions for curbing theft and vandalism on job sites to minimise its endemic effect on contractors’ financial performance. Keywords: Theft and Vandalism; Security management practices; Likert scale; Malawi.

Correlates of Screen Time in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Study

Introduction: The use of screen media by children and adolescents is increasing and has destructive effects on various development aspects. This study was done to determine the correlates of Screen Time (ST) in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Published articles from January 2000 to September 2020 were searched through PubMed, PsycNet, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Magiran, SID, and IranDoc databases were searched for Persian studies with no time limitation. The used keywords were correlates OR predictors + screen time, screen use, screen viewing, screen media, mobile use, cellphone use, TV/ television viewing, TV/ television use, TV/ television, computer use, video game, Media exposure, Media use, electronic media, digital media, digital devices, tablet use + adolescent, youth, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and children. The literature search identified 51 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: After reviewing the studies according to the PRISMA checklist, the correlates were Grouped in five categories: (i) child biological and demographic correlates, (ii) behavioral correlates, (iii) family biological and demographic correlates, (iv) family structure related correlates, and (v) socio-cultural and environmental correlates. The most common correlates found were age, sex, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children, age and education of parents, socio-economic status, physical activity, quality of the neighborhood, parents’ ST, rules, and Digital Devices (DD) in the child/ adolescent’s bedroom. Conclusion: The ST in children and adolescents is associated with several factors at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social/ cultural levels. It is suggested that health promotion programs to reduce the use of these devices should be implemented with a comprehensive view of the individual, family, and society.

Association between individual and environmental factors with body mass index for age z-score in female adolescents living in North-West of Iran

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association of individual and environmental indicators with body mass-index-for-age-z-score (BAZ) of female adolescents living in the North-West of Iran.Design/methodology/approachIn this cross-sectional study, 380 female adolescents aged 16-18 years were selected from two major ethnic groups (Azeri and Kurd) in Urmia city selected by stratified cluster sampling method. In total, 13 high schools (9 public and 4 private) were selected across all municipality zones of Urmia city. BAZ was calculated by Anthro-Plus software. Demographic and socioeconomic information of samples were collected by a questionnaire through interviews. Home environment features (including physical activity facilities, television, computer games and social media use, food consumption habits and family rules) and school environment features (including socioeconomic status [SES], physical activity facilities, food consumption habits) were evaluated by two separate self-constructed questionnaires via an interview with adolescents and schools’ deans, respectively.FindingsAzeri adolescents had parents with higher education and job level and higher SES compared to Kurds (p = 0.000). A higher percent of Azeri adolescents were obese than their Kurd counterparts (p = 0.006). No association was found between individual factors and BAZ in each ethnic group. Considering home environment characteristics, in Kurd adolescents, the maternal occupational level was positively associated with BAZ (p = 0.02). With regard to school environmental features, accessibility of physical activity facilities in school was inversely associated with BAZ only in Kurds (p = 0.005).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate various environmental factors in association with adolescent’s overweight/obesity prevalence in different ethnical groups in northwest Iran.