Television Reading Research Articles

Risk management of broadcasting media in Indonesia

Risk management for an institution is a necessity. It is because risk has become an integral part of the institution. For this reason, every institution, whether political, business, or social, must be appropriately managed. In that context, the study aims to find out about the form of risk management carried out by one of the independent state institutions that are trusted to broadcast, namely the Central Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI). The main theories used are Broadcasting and Risk Management. This study uses qualitative methods and is supported by field data through data collection through in-depth interviews and involved observations. The study results show that the Central KPI must manage many risks in managing media broadcasts. Among these risks are unethical advertisements and broadcast protests due to the low socialization of the Broadcasting Code of Conduct and Broadcast Program Standards and complaints from the television reading community. Therefore, the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission seeks to manage this risk through the School of Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines and Broadcast Program Standards (P3SPS) program and research on the quality of broadcast programs. With this program, stakeholders, journalists, and television broadcast media, as well as experts, are involved in schools and research. The socialization results made quality television broadcasts more enthusiastic, and finally, the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission issued the KPI award, which was given to the most ethical broadcasting institution.

The Relation Between Television Viewing Time and Reading Achievement in Elementary School Children: A Test of Substitution and Inhibition Hypotheses.

Research has focused on the relations between television (TV) viewing time and children’s reading achievement. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relation. The substitution hypothesis proposes that TV viewing distracts students from activities that are important for their learning. The inhibition hypothesis proposes that watching television inhibits important affective/cognitive skills. In this study, we test both hypotheses by estimating the relation between TV viewing time and reading achievement. We use the frequency of students’ leisure reading and the frequency of interactions between students and their parents as potential mediators to test the substitution hypothesis, whereas for the inhibition one, we use students’ intrinsic motivation to read and their level of inattention. Data come from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Designed by the Institut de la statistique du Québec, QLSCD covers a wide range of themes. The QLSCD is representative of children in Québec and contains 2223 participants who were followed from 0 to 21 years old. The four structural models tested are built as follows: the TV viewing time at 6 years old predicts the four mediating variables at 8 years old, which in turn predicts reading achievement at 10 years old. In addition, we have tested models’ gender invariance. Results indicate that TV viewing time is not directly or indirectly associated with reading achievement. Specifically, it is not associated with the mediating variables of child-parent interactions, intrinsic motivation, and inattention. However, the frequency of leisure reading is negatively associated with the time spent watching TV. This association is very small (−0.07) and has no indirect effect on reading achievement. Finally, results do not vary according to the gender of the participants. Our results are in line with those of previous studies in the field and cast some doubts on the potential negative effects of TV viewing time on reading achievement.

Review: Talking White Trash: Mediated Representations and Lived Experiences of White Working-class People, by Dunn, Tasha R.

Review: <i>Talking White Trash: Mediated Representations and Lived Experiences of White Working-class People</i>, by Dunn, Tasha R.

Research on the Reading Application of Smart TV

With the development of Chinese economy, the quality of population has generally improved. More and more people pay attention to the concept of sustainable development of family education. The two-way parenting theory is more suitable for modern social requirements. Here two-way parenting theory is the breakthrough parenting theory. The people who hold the theory argue against the fragmentation of knowledge. The theory provides a nurturing system that responds to each other. It combines ideas, specifications, and methods perfectly. Based on the breakthrough parenting theory which is full of love, all family members constructed a new educational bookstore together. At present we mainly discuss the application model of interactive design of electronic reading on TV. First, based on the desire for a better life, all the people are looking forward to a better education. For example, we construct a virtual chat environment for interactive reading of artistic education in the future through the application of television reading about the theme of tea culture. Secondly, a new sense of immersion in the interior environment was created. At this time the concept of low-carbon life will be formed in the brains of the people though the artistic information resources. Thirdly, it will promote the interdisciplinary research of art and design education. More families will have their own family library through interactive television reading. In the future we will stay at home to visit the Digital World Expo, or the Digital Museum. Family-style reading will enter a new era. More families with high quality parenting education can get into the era of interactive primary school education through this platform.

La televisión como transmisora de valores y antivalores entre los jóvenes limeños

This article is about television and its influence on the life of Lima's adolescents; it is clearly observed that there is a relation between socioeconomic stratum and television consumption, since the young people from the poorest sectors are those who watch more hours of television. Social networks accompany and diminish this television consumption for those who can access it. We believe that the government should plan an education for the critical reading of television as well as greater interactivity with television programs thanks to social networks so that the viewer has influence on what is seen on the screen and there is a greater relationship between producers and consumers of television and in this way improves the quality of television shows.

Women, popular culture, and the eighteenth century

Table of Contents List of Illustrations Preface I Performance, Fashion, and the Politics of the Popular 1 Historicizing the Popular and the Feminine: The Rape of the Lock and Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (Tiffany Potter, UBC) 2 'The Assemblage of every female Folly': Lavinia Fenton, Kitty Clive and the Genesis of Ballad Opera (Berta Joncus) 3 Politics and Gender in a Tale of Two Plays (Paula Backscheider) 4 Celebrity Status: The Eighteenth-Century Actress as Fashion Icon (Jessica Munns) 5 Fanning the Flames: Women and Politics (Elaine Chalus) II Women, Reading, and Writing 6 The Culinary Art of Eighteenth-Century Women Cookbook Authors (Robert James Merrett) 7 Women and Letters (Isobel Grundy) 8 Writing Bodies in Popular Culture: Eliza Haywood and Love in Excess (Holly Luhning) 9 Women Reading and Writing for The Rambler (Peter Sabor) 10 'The Most Dangerous Talent': Riddles as Feminine Pastime (Mary Chadwick) 11 Comic Prints, the Picturesque and Fashion: Seeing and Being Seen in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey (Timothy Erwin) III Eighteenth-Century Women in Modern Popular Culture 12 Mother and Daughter in Beryl Bainbridge's According to Queeney (Martha F. Bowden) 13 The Agency of Things in Emma Donoghue's Slammerkin (Elizabeth Kowaleski Wallace) 14 'Would you have us laughed out of Bath?': Shopping Around for Fashion and Fashionable Fiction in Jane Austen Adaptations (Tamara S. Wagner) 15 Visualizing Empire in Domestic Settings: Designing Persuasion for the Screen (Andrew Macdonald and Gina Macdonald) 16 From Pride and Prejudice to Lost in Austen and Back Again: Reading Television Reading Novels (Claire Grogan) Contributors Index

Television Exposure and Academic Skills of Children: New Findings from India

The studies associating television viewing to performance are primarily based on developed countries. The effect of television on children in developing countries, like India, might be different from that of the developed countries, owing to cultural and socioeconomic differences. Additionally, in the Indian case, no study has systematically analyzed the relationship between children’s academic skills and television viewing. We examined the association between academic skills (Reading, Mathematics and Writing) of Indian children and television viewing using a sample of children (aged 8-11 years) who were in school or had ever attended school, from a universe of all the households included in a micro unit recorded nationally representative survey (IHDS, 2004-05). Relevant socioeconomic, demographic, parent/household-level controls were included in the multivariate analysis. The impact of content of the television programs was also controlled in the analysis. The analysis was done at two levels: first, for the full sample; and second for subsamples, formed first by sex and second by economic status. Findings suggested positive correlation between overall viewing and the reading skills of boys and the mathematics skills of girls, but negative correlation with the writing skills of both. The correlation of educational content with academic skills also differed by gender, with a positive correlation with the three skills of girls but a positive correlation with only the writing skills of boys. Moreover, educational content was positively correlated with the skills of children belonging to the lowest wealth class but had no correlation with the skills of the children belonging to the highest wealth class.

Interrogating 24: Making Sense of US Counter-terrorism in the Global War on Terrorism*

As an increasing number of scholars have argued, the fiction of popular culture and the reality of politics are inseparable. Fact and fiction, rather than remaining distinct, are mutually constitutive and interact to produce new meaning. A critical reading of Fox Television's intensely popular series 24 suggests that the series (re)produces key elements of the global war on terrorism discourse and is therefore a particularly useful case for under standing the importance of intertextuality for the production of meaning. Though the packaging of 24 may be new and exciting, the underlying messages remain the same, in the process rendering commonsensical the US global war on terrorism and the way that it has been waged.

The dispersible television text: theorising moments of the new Doctor Who

Television studies has tended to focus on the analysis of 'whole' texts and their structures of meaning, while special 'moments' have become central in textual design, promotion and fan readings within the contemporary television industry. This self-conscious focus on crafting and publicising memorable moments is analysed in relation to the BBC Wales' reimagining of Doctor Who (2005– ). It could be read either as one outcome of fan professionals making the programme or as a result of industry factors. Concluding with the film studies concept of the 'dispersible text' the article argues that television studies needs to pay greater attention to the construction and the reading of popular television in terms of textual 'moments'.

The dispersible television text: theorising moments of the new Doctor Who

Television studies has tended to focus on the analysis of 'whole' texts and their structures of meaning, while special 'moments' have become central in textual design, promotion and fan readings within the contemporary television industry. This self-conscious focus on crafting and publicising memorable moments is analysed in relation to the BBC Wales' reimagining of Doctor Who (2005– ). It could be read either as one outcome of fan professionals making the programme or as a result of industry factors. Concluding with the film studies concept of the 'dispersible text' the article argues that television studies needs to pay greater attention to the construction and the reading of popular television in terms of textual 'moments'.

Psychophysics of reading with a limited number of pixels: Towards the rehabilitation of reading ability with visual prosthesis

Psychophysics of reading with limited numbers of pixels has received increasing attention as the envisioned visual prosthesis offers a possibility to restore some useful reading ability to the blind through the pixelized vision it generates. This paper systematically studied how several important parameters of pixelized vision affect reading performance. A closed-circuit television reading platform with digital image processing capacities was developed to convert images of printed text into pixelized patterns made up of discrete dots. Reading rates in six normally sighted subjects were measured under different combinations of pixel number, window width, and angular subtense of pixel array. The results showed that reading is possible with as few as 6 × 6 binary pixels, at 15 words/min. It was also found that for a given array of pixels, maximum reading rates occur at a specific medium window width, due to a tradeoff between window width and character sampling resolution. It was also observed that pixelized reading exhibits more significant scale dependence than normal vision. Reading rates were decreased by increasing the angular subtense of the pixel array while keeping other parameters fixed. We hope these results will be helpful to the design of visual prosthesis for the rehabilitation of reading abilities.

What Like a Bullet Can Undeceive?

In the days after the World Trade Center attacks in September 2001, Robert Pinsky—the former poet laureate and creator of the “America’s Favorite Poems” project—appeared on television reading poems of consolation. This seemed to many people a natural thing to do, I’m sure. Art is commonly thought to have a redemptive task in difficult times. The poem that I will discuss here, Herman Melville’s “Shiloh,” was written in New York at a similar time of violent crisis. The poem clearly answers to the expectation of redemption through art. But consolation and redemption are precisely what I’d like to avoid here. What is most interesting about the poem to me is a paradox in its redemptive language—one that says much about how violence comes to be scandalous, about the traps of redemption, and about the dilemmas of liberal culture. “Shiloh” refers to an 1862 battle in the Civil War, the first of the colossally destructive battles that stunned participants on both sides by the scale of mechanized killing. Melville probably wrote the poem in 1864 or shortly after and published it in 1866 in Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, his first and best book of poetry, written after his novelistic career had essentially ended in failure. It is an unaccountably beautiful poem, building up to an extraordinary single line, which it shudders away from and contains in parentheses: “(What like a bullet can undeceive!).”1

Illumination conditions of visually impaired people under private domestic circumstances - clinical study on 91 patients

The illuminance and quality of illumination are important factors for visually impaired people to improve contrast sensitivity and reduce glare sensitivity at domestic reading places. The ability of visually impaired people to read can often be improved by simple strategies. At the onset of multiple ophthalmic diseases an optimum of lighting is often the tool of choice to restore reading capability. 91 visually impaired people were included in this study. 76 were equipped with optical reading tools and 15 used a television reading aid. The illumination conditions of reading places were investigated. This included measurements of illuminance and information about the light source and localization, direction of light and modelling. The understanding of the importance of optimal illumination was judged by a graded scale from 1 - 5. Twenty-two of the 76 visually impaired people equipped with optimal reading tools were using an extra reading place. All others used livingroom or kitchen tables as their preferred reading place. 10 % of the reading places had a illuminance of above 5000 lx, whereas 63 % had less than 500 lx. Incandescent lamps dominated as artificial light sources. In 60 % of all reading places ceiling light sources were predominant. Only 40 % of the patients used an additional reading place illumination. For television reading aids the ceiling light caused a decrease of contrast sensitivity in 1 % - 7 %. If questioned, 90 % of the patients were highly sensitive to problems of good illumination of their reading places. This is, as our study revealed, in contrast to the conditions under which most of the visually impaired people read. Domestic reading places revealed considerable deficits concerning the illumination. Most visually impaired people do not realize this problem. Ophthalmologists, opticians, low-vision-, orientation- and mobility-trainers are recommended for rehabilitation.

Elicited sequential presentation for low vision reading

This paper reports on a variant of the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) technique for low vision reading called elicited sequential presentation (ESP). In both techniques, words are presented sequentially at a constant screen location, but with ESP, the reader elicits presentation of each new word by means of a button press, rather than (as with RSVP) being presented with it automatically at fixed intervals. An experiment comparing reading speeds using ESP, RSVP and a conventional closed-circuit television (CCTV) reading aid showed that for 15 slow readers who were customary CCTV users with low vision, ESP is superior to RSVP and yields reading speeds averaging 47% faster than RSVP — about the same as CCTV reading speed. The log of the ratio of ESP to RSVP reading speeds was significantly negatively correlated with the log of RSVP reading speed, showing that slower readers benefit more than faster readers; regression predicted no benefit for readers who read with RSVP at 133 wpm or greater. Finally, word length and word presentation duration chosen by subjects reading with ESP were significantly correlated, suggesting that part of the benefit of ESP is due to reader’s ability to allocate time based on word length and difficulty.

Self-Esteem and Magazine Reading among College Students

Examined was the relation between self-esteem and magazine reading among 77 college students. Self-esteem was negatively related to reading of sports magazines and television and movie guides but unrelated to reading of ten other categories of magazines.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE USE OF CLOSED‐CIRCUIT TELEVISION READING MACHINES AND OPTICAL AIDS BY PATIENTS WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA AND MACULOPATHY

Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who have insufficient vision to benefit from optical low vision aids are frequently helped by the closed-circuit television (CCTV) reading machines. RP patients' use of the CCTV is compared with that of patients with maculopathy (i.e. a group with a central scotoma only, is compared to a group which also has additional peripheral field loss), and with that of a "normal" control group. The performance of people with RP is improved by using white print on a black background, while macular degeneration subjects have no significant preference. Speed limits appear to be a function of restrictions imposed by the machine. Both groups frequently read faster with "optical aids".

A comparative study in the use of closed-circuit television reading machines and optical aids by patients with retinitis pigmentosa and maculopathy

Abstract— Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who have insufficient vision to benefit from optical low vision aids are frequently helped by the closed-circuit television (CCTV) reading machines. RP patients' use of the CCTV is compared with that of patients with maculopathy (i.e. a group with a central scotoma only, is compared to a group which also has additional peripheral field loss), and with that of a “normal” control group. The performance of people with RP is improved by using white print on a black background, while macular degeneration subjects have no significant preference. Speed limits appear to be a function of restrictions imposed by the machine. Both groups frequently read faster with “optical aids”.

A Method of Assessing a Visually Impaired Person's Ability to Use a Closed Circuit Television Reading Machine

The following study represents an attempt to devise a more effective means of assessing potential users on closed-circuit television reading machines. It concluded that by establishing corrective values for factors such as age, magnification and working distance used, reliable predictions of reading speed are possible.

The Relationship between Reading and Cognitive Processing of Television and Radio

The Relationship between Reading and Cognitive Processing of Television and Radio

The Relationship between Reading and Cognitive Processing of Television and Radio

1984, 55, 2072-2082, This study compares the relationship between comprehension and memory for text and television, and comprehension and memory for text and radio, 2 stories were edited to create 3 matched versions of each—-(1) a storybook with pictures, (2) a radio version, and (3) a television version. Third and sixth graders read 1 story and were presented either the television or radio version ofthe other story, counterbalanced for story and order of presentation, A battery of memory and comprehension tests was administered following both the reading and the television or radio conditions. The principal result is that across a range of tasks, performance in the television and reading conditions was not significantly correlated; however, performance in the radio and reading conditions was positively correlated and generally significant. The second important finding is that the absolute levels of performance were similar in the television and reading conditions, and performance was better in both of these conditions than in the radio condition. Hypotheses are discussed to explain why performance in the television condition was not related to reading ability. This study compares comprehension and memory for infonnation presented in various forms of media. More specifically, this study compares the relationship between comprehension and memory for material read with comprehension and memory for material presented on television and on radio. Although there has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the effects of television and other forms of media on the viewer (see Murray, 1980, for a review of the television literature containing 2,886 citations, 60% of which were published after 1975), little of this work has examined the cognitive processes involved in media processing. The majority of the previous research on the relationship between reading and media processing has compared reading ability with the amount of time spent viewing television, (There is little previous research on radio processing.) These correlational studies have reported that the amount of television viewing is negatively correlated with both reading ability and more general school achievement