Television Channels Research Articles

Analisis Makna Konotasi Negatif Pada Iklan 'Permen Milkita' Pada Awal Tahun 2000-An

Television advertising is a form of promotion of products, services or brands delivered via television channels. They are usually short videos shown between regular programs. The main purpose of advertising on television is to influence viewers to buy the product or use the service being advertised. Television advertising often uses a variety of marketing techniques, including narration, music, attractive visuals, and celebrities, to attract viewers' attention and increase the appeal of the product or service being promoted. Advertising is an inseparable part of television media. Human life today cannot be separated from the influence of television. Various information can be obtained quickly. To meet the entertainment needs of humans or television viewers, television always inserts advertising shows. Besides having commercial purposes, advertising also has information value contained in it. Advertisers, both private and government, try to introduce and encourage people to do what the advertisers hope for. Advertising via television has various advantages compared to other types of media which include wide reach, selectivity and flexibility, focus of attention, creativity and effect, prestige, and a certain time (Andrianto, 2018).

The Role of News in Alevi Television Channels: Approaches to Addressing Both General and Alevi Audiences

The Role of News in Alevi Television Channels: Approaches to Addressing Both General and Alevi Audiences

Israeli Nonsense: humor, globalization and vegetables during the early nineties

Abstract Offering an inaugural analysis of Israeli Nonsense, this article explores humor, globalization, and Israeli identity since the early 1990s. Israeli Nonsense, a particular form of humor, emerged during Israel’s rapid shift towards neoliberal privatization and globalization. Influenced by the growing popularity of standup comedy and the rise of new commercial television channels, it became a distinctive humor style in an era marked by optimism and “normalization.” It quickly formed nostalgic classics, leaving a lasting impact on contemporary Israeli humor. Through interviews, newspaper excerpts, and sketch analysis, we identify five key attributes of Israeli Nonsense: (1) improvisation, (2) linguistic humor, (3) physical humor, (4) nostalgia, and (5) non-politicization. By challenging existing interpretations of 1990s Israeli culture and nonsense as “elitist” with anti-national and non-ideological tendencies, we highlight the popular manifestations of Israeli Nonsense to demonstrate that this distinct humor did not adopt a consciously critical and cynical stance towards society and culture but embodied an optimistic and empathetic attitude toward local identity in the age of globalization.

Reach and impact of a nationwide media campaign in Ethiopia for promoting safe breastfeeding practices in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 challenge and the consequent concerns and misconceptions about potential mother-to-child virus transmission, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), in collaboration with the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, launched a 3-month nationwide media campaign to promote appropriate and safe breastfeeding practices using national and regional television and radio channels, as well as social media. This study assesses the reach and impact of a media campaign in Ethiopia on improving mothers’, partners’/caregivers’, and the public’s awareness of and practices related to appropriate and safe breastfeeding.MethodsA two-round mobile survey was conducted using random digit dialing (RDD) and an interactive voice response (IVR) system. In order to assess the impact of the media campaign, the study compared outcomes related to awareness, perceptions, and safe breastfeeding practices using post-intervention comparison data across levels of exposure (exposed vs. unexposed to the campaign). A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using a two sample test of proportions to estimate the impact of the media campaign.ResultsAmong the 3170 mobile subscribers who completed the survey questions, half (50%) reported that they had seen or heard media advertisements about appropriate breastfeeding, the importance of continuing breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how to safely breastfeed a baby when a mother is suspected or confirmed with COVID-19. The PSM analysis showed that exposure to the media campaign was significantly associated with awareness and perceptions of the importance of continuing appropriate breastfeeding during the pandemic among the general public (proportion difference, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.12–0.19; p < 0.0001) and mothers with children under 2 years old or their partners (proportion difference, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.12, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe nationwide media campaign promoting safe breastfeeding practices in the context of COVID-19 reached half of the target breastfeeding mothers and the general public and had a significant impact on awareness and perceptions about the importance of continuing appropriate and safe breastfeeding practices. Future media campaigns should ensure that the intensity and frequency of media spots are appropriate to achieve adequate exposure, message recall, and influence infant and young child feeding behaviors.

The 2022 Winter Olympics on Russian State TV Channels

Modern television broadcasts the most interesting sports events, not only promoting sports but also influencing social values in favor of active physical education. Owing to the interaction of the International Olympic Committee and television, the Olympic Games have become the main sporting event in the world. Nowadays, television is the major source of material wellbeing for the Olympic movement. Television is one of the key partners of sports, providing its financing through the purchase of broadcasting rights and through the sponsors’ television advertising. The further development of any sport entirely depends on television, which adapted sports competitions to its modern requirements at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. But there is also a negative point in mutually beneficial cooperation: television creates a hierarchy, at the top of which are the most popular sports in a particular country. The purpose of the study is to analyze TV broadcasts of the 2022 Winter Olympics on public Russian television channels and determine the most popular winter sports among Russians.

Not Only Social Networks: Channels of Dissemination of Fake News in the Views of the Population

This article presents an analysis of the problem of the spread of fake news in modern society. The dissemination of fictitious, unreliable information harms public trust, leading to uncontrollable consequences. The purpose of this work is to study the channels of media consumption and to identify the most problematic of them in the context of the spread of fake news. It is based on the results of a mass representative sociological survey of the population of the Republic of Mordovia—a typical representative of the Middle Volga region. During the research, it was found that fake news has penetrated quite firmly into the structures of everyday interaction between people: three out of ten respondents encountered fake news at least several times a month, and two out of ten shared it with others. The key channel for their distribution is social networks, internet publications, television, and Telegram channels. At the same time, these are some of the most popular sources of information. The results obtained can be useful for constructing mathematical models of the spread of fake news, developing measures to counter this kind of content, and developing mechanisms for regulating deliberately false and unreliable data.

Young Kosovars, Their Preferred Television and Use of Viewing Devices

Objective: To ascertain the interest of youth in this information medium at a time when television is no longer the primary media, as each individual carries a cellphone and when young people utilize alternative information sources through social networks Theoric Framework: Other studies concerning media preference have argued that preference in media is a complex concept that needs to be studied on different levels. Methods: During the research, an empirical study was conducted, specifically a survey with a focus group of young people aged 18-30, to explore their access to information, using television as the primary source, as well as other practical sources that replace it. Results and Coclusions: This study made a distinction between television program viewership, creativity, reliability, and the way information is accessed because ultimately every preference and viewership is related to believing in facts or alternative truths. In this context, it can be observed that low television screen usage is associated with the possibility for young people to use alternative devices such as cell phones and laptops. Implications of research: The research is focused on watching television channels by young people from Kosova, as their preferences, namely the young people's perception of the most reliable programs. Originality/value: This study made a distinction in television program viewership, creativity, objectivity, and the way information is accessed among specific age groups of young people.

МЕТОДИКА РОЗРАХУНКУ ЗОН ПОКРИТТЯ ЦИФРОВОГО ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНОГО МОВЛЕННЯ

The introduction of DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting in the VHF waveband is currently underway, and test trials have already been conducted in some regions of Ukraine. To assess the effectiveness of the projects, it is of particular interest to compare the radio coverage areas of digital TV transmitters operating in the VHF and UHF wave bands. This requires extensive calculations for specific locations. For comparison, the city of Kyiv was chosen, where there is one multiplex MX-7 (8 TV channels) in the VHF band, and the following four multiplexes are represented in the UHF band: MX 1 (26 TV channels) and MX 3 (49 TV channels), which operate at the lowest and highest frequencies of the band. In this article, to predict the coverage areas of digital television broadcasting transmitters, the justification of the selected Longley-Rice radio wave propagation model is provided, which allows calculating the radio signal attenuation compared to free space propagation using terrain profiles (digital elevation maps) and the electrical characteristics of the Earth's surface, Taking into account the main mechanisms of radio wave propagation (interference on the line of sight, diffraction on irregular terrain, tropospheric scattering), it is more accurate and its results are closer to actual measurements. The calculations will be carried out using Radio Mobile software based on the Longley-Rice Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) and using Terrain Mission SRTM satellite maps with the possibility of further adding map data and roads from various sources. Based on the ITU R Recommendations on the design of DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting networks, the minimum required field strength to ensure reception with a given quality was calculated and the initial data for predicting the coverage areas of DVB-T2 digital television transmitters were prepared using the example of Kyiv. The proposed methodology and the data obtained will allow to calculate the boundaries of the coverage areas of DVB-T2 digital standard television transmitters in the VHF and UHF wave bands for selected television channels

A Semiotic Analysis of Social Class Representation in Pakistani Television Commercials

Semiotics interprets that how different signs are used in everyday lives to represent different things. Different verbal and non-verbal signs are used to reflect different ideologies and hidden agendas in the field of advertisements. The meanings and hidden agendas of TV commercials can be analysed in a more appropriate and effective way by considering semiotics as an influential tool of investigation. The enterprises of different domains as semiotics, linguistics and sociocultural studies make the current study as a multidisciplinary study. Media has become one of the most influential and feasible tool in the diffusion and representation of information and ideas in this globalised world with the advancement of science and technology. It encompasses strength and power to present different ideologies and agendas with the help of different verbal and non-verbal signs. The current study aims to analyse the demonstration of social class distinctive patterns in Pakistani television commercials. The study examines the representation of different social classes in the commercials by keeping in view the agendas and ideologies of advertisers. The nature of the study is qualitative. The theory of semiotics proposed by Dyer (1982) in the book advertising as Communication is the basis of the theoretical framework of the study. The commercials of renowned Pakistani television channels are collected as the data of the study. Non probability sampling technique is used to collect the data which comprises only those commercials which reflect social class representation. The analysis of the study highlights that different social classes as upper and lower classes are represented in different spheres of lives at symbolic level in the selected advertisements. The social class presentation in commercials represent the domination and superiority of upper class. The images of both upper and lower classes presented in the commercials support ideological beliefs about how social class biased practices are prevailed in the Pakistani society.

Representation of women and work in the most popular series in the UK and Spain

This study provides a portrait of the occupational roles in the series most watched on the generalist DTT channels in the United Kingdom and Spain. The media representations of gender role attitudes in the workplace, especially in fiction, influence the popular culture and social imaginary of the audiences. In this context, the study of the series with the largest audience is important to discover the patterns that these fictions show about work environments. This article analyzes 40 popular series broadcasts on generalist television channels in the United Kingdom and Spain. A sample of more than 400 characters reveals the representation of women and men in the workplace, highlighting the similarities and differences regarding job profiles, leadership, and prestige. The comparison between both markets allows us to find relevant concepts on the current representation of women and work. While in the UK the differences are minor, the results in Spain confirm the differences between male and female characters associated with various aspects of the workplace such as the prestige and positioning of the most qualified jobs.

Candidacy Endorsement and Rebuttals as Mediated Campaign Strategies in The 2023 Nigerian Election

Endorsements trigger arguments and rebuttals about the relevance of political actors by the spokesmen frontline political parties. Previous linguistic studies have focused more on campaign speeches; little attention has been paid to endorsement as a campaign strategy. This study investigated the endorsement speech of Olusegun Obasanjo (OBJ) and rebuttals by supporting and opposing spokesmen of Labour Party (LP), People’s Democratic Party (PDP), and All Progressive Congress (APC) in Nigerian elections, identifying and analysing the locutionary, illocutionary and Pragmatic strategies. The qualitative design was used. Data comprise purposely selected and transcribed texts from Channels Television (CHNLSTV) interview, moderated by Seun Okinbaloye. Data was downloaded from their YouTube channel Mariana Sbisa’s Speech Act, supported by John Searle’s classification of illocutionary, and the textual part of Mey’s Pragmatic Acts were used as the framework. The locutionary strategies of endorsements and rebuttals in the data were: juxtaposition with alternative facts, conscious denial of position and facts, affirmation of thoughts, representation of opinionated position and counter-position, acceptance of position or facts and attack/defense of personality traits. Three major illocutionary acts: expressive, representative, and directive, were seen. Pragmatic resources such as inference, reference, relevance, metaphor and shared situational knowledge underlined. Expressive was achieved by condoning, criticising, condemning and praising. Representative was constructed by the forces of asserting, accusing, comparing and contrasting or juxtaposing. Directive was justified by defining, declaring, endorsing and analogising. The study concludes that endorsements and rebuttals are the performance ratings of political agents.

Cross-cutting exposure to the Spanish public broadcasting system: influence of ideology, partisanship, and interest in politics on RTVE’s consumption

According to the selective exposure hypothesis, media consumption is determined by the ideological predispositions of individuals, who aim to confirm their opinions through media content. This research explores the role of the public state-owned radio and television corporation, Radio Televisión Española (RTVE), as a facilitator of transversal exposure, that is, consumption that is not aligned with individuals’ prior convictions. Through a quantitative methodology based on contingency tables and the calculation of corrected typed residuals, and through the CIS post-electoral studies, we analyse the relevance of ideology, partisan identification and interest in public issues as predictors of public television and radio consumption over a period of 11 years (2008-2019) in Spain. The results indicate that being a voter of the party in government and sharing its ideology are related to a higher likelihood of consuming RTVE television channels. In addition, the results show a higher transversal exposure of public radio, compared to television, which is more strongly influenced by the ideology and partisanship of the audiences.

Market Needs and Education of Mass Communication: A Perspective of Media Managers in Leading Private Television News Channels of Pakistan

Mass Communication is a field that gives extensive knowledge about other disciplines of academics and its degree holder can work in various professions due to their grip on different subjects. In Pakistan, it has been observed that many of the professionals who are working in the media industry do not have any educational background of mass communication instead they are specialized in other subjects. A mismatch between the media education and degrees of working professionals is raising serious concerns about the future of mass communication degree. Therefore this research is an attempt to examine the criteria that keeps in mind while hiring graduates in major television news channels of Pakistan. This study also aims to understand the importance of mass communication education in the career building of graduates from the perspective of media management. To investigate their perspective, in-depth interview method of Media Managing directors, Human Resource Managers, Director News, and Bureau Chiefs from the five leading private television channels of Pakistan i.e. GEO, Gourmet News Network (GNN), 92 News HD, Express TV, and Dunya TV are conducted. As this study focuses on the management perspective, therefore, the data is analyzed under the umbrella of the Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (KSA) Model of Human Resource management. The study concludes that there is a gap between academia and the professional field. Media graduates are somehow lacking in the professional training which is making path for non-media graduates to enter in the media field. Apart from that, individual needs such as confidence and communication skills are also making an impact on the hiring of media graduates.

Nutritional quality and level of processing of food items broadcasted on Italian television in advertisements targeted to children

This study evaluates the nutritional quality and level of processing of food and beverage products advertised on television channels most watched by children, in Italy. Data were collected over 20 non-consecutive days from the five top channels in Italy. A total of 209 food items were analysed using the Nutri-Score and the NOVA classification. Additionally, compliance with nutritional criteria established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the EU-PLEDGE was assessed. Results indicate a high proportion of energy-dense and low nutritional quality foods, with 68% falling into less favourable Nutri-Score categories (C, D, and E), and 61% classified as ultra-processed by NOVA classification. When applying WHO and PLEDGE criteria, 71% and 56% of products, respectively, did not meet nutritional standards. This study underscores the low prevalence of nutritionally adequate products in food advertisements targeting children on Italian television, despite differences found based on methodological variations.

Al-Quds Issues in The Media: A Comparative Study of Aqsa T.V. And Palestine T.V. Coverage During the American Embassy Relocating

This article examines the coverage of Al-Quds/Jerusalem issues by Palestinian political parties, FATAH and HAMAS, on their affiliated television channels, Palestine TV and Aqsa TV, respectively. The study aims to investigate the influence of political parties and religious perspectives on the coverage of Al-Quds and determine the significance of Al-Quds as a national issue for Palestinians. The study focuses on the period surrounding the relocation of the American embassy to Al-Quds, from 13 May to 19 May 2018, where 24 Arabic news broadcasts were collected. The study utilizes the Agenda Setting Theory to analyze the role of Aqsa TV in shaping public opinion and perceptions of Al-Quds. Through content analysis of prime-time news broadcasts from both channels during a specific week, the findings reveal differences in the prioritized topics, placement within the news, media formats employed, and duration of coverage. Palestine TV emphasizes the civil aspects of Al-Quds from a national perspective. At the same time, Aqsa TV highlights the religious significance of the Islamic-Jewish conflict. The study concludes that the news coverage of Al-Quds reflects the political agendas of FATAH and HAMAS and suggests further research on the contrasting portrayals of Al-Quds issues in Palestinian and Israeli media.

Практики телевизионного медиавоспитания семейных ценностей в Китайской Народной Республике

The aim of the research is to summarize the Chinese experience in popularizing family values through media education to study the possibility of extrapolating the ideas, content and structure of Chinese television media in domestic conditions. The paper presents an analysis of Chinese television programs aimed at mainstreaming family values. The content of Chinese television programs on family topics is described and typologized according to the relayed value categories of parenthood, kinship, marriage, neighborhood and joint households presented in the studies. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it is the first to specify the content of media education of family values based on Chinese television programs about the family. The sociocultural specifics and dominant family values of Chinese television programs are determined. As a result, it was revealed that the largest number of programs on central and regional television channels, as well as the main Internet broadcasting channels, are aimed at developing the values of parenthood, kinship and marriage among the viewing audience, which is due to the social order of society and the state policy of the PRC. Family-oriented television content provides relatively controlled socialization of members of society through familiarization with the values of family life in modern sociocultural conditions of China, determined by the increasing importance of large families, filial piety, responsible parenthood, marital relationships and personal development in the family.

Demand for TV content in a national language: The case of Kazakhstan

This study examines preferences in selecting television content, using a national television channel as a case study. The Russian language put a lot of pressure on the Kazakh language during the communist regime. Post-Kazakhstan’s independence, linguistic dynamics shifted as authorities began responding to the demands of the Kazakh-speaking population. The aim is to test the hypothesis regarding the increasing demand for native language content, supported by the analysis of TV program ratings. For hypothesis testing, we employed empirical data obtained through an investigation into the preferences of the Kazakh-speaking audience. A total of 300 residents in Astana, aged 20-70, were interviewed. The survey results elucidate the correlation between public events and the television audience’s preferences. Historical, complex, and comparative analyses were employed, utilizing empirical data derived from a television audience preference study. The examination of television projects and their scripts revealed that language format substantially influences content informativeness and viewership ratings. Findings highlight a correlation between major events and television audience preferences. Programs in the Kazakh language elicit a positive response from the country’s television audience, particularly when discussing engaging topics. Based on research, recommendations are offered for enhancing editorial policies on television channels, with an emphasis on incorporating more Kazakh-language projects to better cater to the growing demand.

Assessing the quality of suicide reporting in Portugal: 6 case studies of celebrities and non-celebrities over 25 years

Multiple studies from various countries have found evidence of suicide increases after media reports of suicide, which are known as the Werther effect, but responsible suicide reporting can contribute to suicide prevention, a phenomenon known as the Papageno effect. This study aims to assess adherence by the Portuguese media to the suicide reporting guidelines released by the World Health Organization (WHO) and to determine whether there are differences in reporting style between them and over time. News items about six suicides of public and non-public figures between 1996 and 2020 were collected from several Portuguese media—two newspapers, three radio stations, three television channels, and a few websites—in the periods following those deaths, and they were subsequently examined for adherence to the WHO guidelines. A total of 374 news items were analyzed. The majority of them complied with most of the WHO recommendations for suicide reporting, especially the ‘don’t do’ guidelines. However, most of the news items that were analyzed did not follow the recommendations regarding putatively preventive information, notably the inclusion of support contacts and citation of mental health experts. The Portuguese media mostly adhered to the WHO suicide reporting guidelines and there was a positive evolution over time in the level of compliance with them. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement.

Documentary Content in The Digital Era (Watchdoc Documentary Content Study)

The rise of internet technology has revolutionized how we access media, making it more accessible and affordable for individuals from all walks of life. With the advent of broadcasting tools such as cameras, even ordinary people can create news content, including journalism. Watchdoc production house has taken a unique approach to disseminating information by presenting it as documentary content instead of relying on traditional journalistic channels. This approach helps educate the public about issues often overlooked by mainstream television channels, which are often controlled by authorities. This study explores how the Watchdoc production house selects its documentary content in this information age. It draws on a descriptive qualitative research method that includes literature reviews and interviews. The research findings suggest that the selection of documentary content still holds significant sway and resonates with a broad audience. Furthermore, it addresses the public's disillusionment with traditional journalism, which frequently needs to cover issues affecting marginalized groups.

Conveying Love For Animals To Children Through Animated Cartoons: Niloya

In this study, the animated cartoon series "Niloya," which is broadcast on the children's television channel TRT Çocuk and targets preschool and school-aged children, is examined. Animals hold an important place in the world of children, just as humans and nature do. Therefore, depicting animals in animated cartoons makes them significant for children's education. The role of animated cartoons in conveying values to children is an undeniable fact. This study investigates the teaching of love for animals to children and traces the relationship between humans and animals through the Niloya animated cartoon series. For this purpose, 37 episodes of the cartoon were selected using purposive sampling technique and analyzed through narrative analysis method. As a result of the study, scenes depicting friendship between humans and animals were frequently observed in the examined episodes. Topics such as the necessity of extending a helping hand to animals living in need, the social and emotional benefits of pet ownership for children, the sense of getting to know and exploring new animals, and the importance of not harming animals were addressed in the atmosphere of the animated cartoon. Throughout all the analyzed episodes, expressions of love for animals, cooperation, friendship, spending time with them, playing with them, and human support towards animals were evident.