Telephone Network Research Articles

Method for ensuring information security of a VOIP telephony network with a forecast of an intruder's intrusion strategy

Introduction: the development of technologies in the field of information and telecommunications, as well as the unification of networks, and in particular the construction of distributed VoIP telephony networks, allow us to formulate the problem that the known methods of managing the protection of VoIP networks are not effective enough in modern conditions, since they take into account only one side of the information confrontation. Purpose: To develop a method for ensuring the information security of a VoIP telephony network, which allows to increase the probability of VoIP network security by reducing the time required for analyzing the actions of the violator, analyzing and processing risks under the influence of the violator. Results: Based on the proposed structure of an information security management system integrated into a VoIP network, a method for ensuring the information security of a VoIP telephony network under the influence of an intruder has been developed by introducing decision-making support processes in the VoIP network information security management system using intelligent intrusion detection tools distributed across segments. This method allows you to build a graph of events of the intruder's actions, on the basis of which mathematical modeling of MiTM and SPIT attacks on the VoIP telephony network is carried out. As a result of the simulation, the dependence of the successful impact on the internal and external characteristics of attacks is obtained, which is the main one of the developed software, which allows to obtain the values of the probability of security of the VoIP network from the parameters of the intruder's impact for further selection of adequate measures for managing the information security of the VoIP telephony network. The method includes the processes of analyzing the digital stream and determining the parameters of protocols and profiles of intruder attacks. Practical relevance: The developed method provides an opportunity to study issues aimed at the security of the VoIP-telephony network, which is affected by violators.

Living with suicidal feelings: Japanese non‐profit organizations for suicide prevention amid the COVID‐19 pandemic

The number of suicides in Japan increased for the first time in 11 years during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This trend is particularly high among employed women and students. The Japanese government expanded its budget for providing telephone and social network service (SNS) counseling by prefectures and non‐profit organizations (NPOs). On the basis of interviews with the chairman as well as counselors of an NPO in Osaka (Japan) that has provided telephone counseling services on suicide for over 40 years, this study examines suicide and suicide prevention amid the COVID‐19 pandemic with a particular focus on how suicidal feelings are accepted. The results clarify that people do not wish to die just because of financial troubles or health problems; rather, they have lost the meaning in their life in the conflicts between social conditions and their personal life histories. Additionally, as volunteer counselors often experience the suicide of close relatives, their empathy for a caller may be based on their experiences of being overwhelmed by the realization of the otherness of others. They do not regard the acceptance of suicidal feelings as a “job,” but act as “friends.” Although modern society conceals death and suicide cases, the key to achieving a society where no one is driven into committing suicide is to place human life and human rights first as well as to talk about suicide and suicidal feelings without making the subject taboo or an aberration.

Historical Study: Jantho City and Infrastructure, 1979-2020

Jantho City is the Capital of the Aceh Besar Regency. This study aims to (1) describe the background of the determination of the Janthoi Settlement as the Capital of Aceh Besar District; (2) describe the initial and continued development process of Jantho City infrastructure 1979-2020; and (3) Identification the factors causing the failure of the development of Jantho City to become a new growth center. This study uses a type of approach that is combined with historical methods. The data collection techniques were carried out using documentation, literature study, and interviews. The results of this study are (1) the determination of the Janthoi Settlement as the Capital of Aceh Besar Regency because of its strategic location for regional development and have a very potential back area; (2) initial development in the form of the construction of the main infrastructure of the city, such as government buildings, roads, post offices, mosques, electricity networks, telephone networks, and other facilities for government purposes. Continued development in the form of supporting urban infrastructures, such as education, health, sports, housing, and economic facilities; (3) several factors cause Jantho City to fail to develop, namely its location opposite to other growth centers in Aceh Besar District, only working in the administrative center, not having a long historical background, no interaction with back areas, armed conflict in Aceh, and unsustainable development.

PREFERENSI KONSUMEN PERUMAHAN BERDASARKAN UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PERUMAHAN DAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN DI WILAYAH KOTA SENTANI

There needs to be a thorough understanding of what are the preferences of residential consumers, where there is a choice of likes or dislikes, feelings of pleasure, satisfaction, and comfort towards something that is the choice of housing consumers so that satisfaction and comfort can be fully fulfilled, not forced to be satisfied because they make the best choice. from the worst. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to analyze the completeness of infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities, analyze the availability of infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities based on the preferences of residents as consumers, analyze the basic factors for assessing the availability of infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities based on residents' expectations. To achieve the objectives in this study, it was carried out using a quantitative research approach with factor analysis. From the analysis of the data obtained for the availability of Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities, not all requirements can be met such as Road Infrastructure, Drainage and Availability of Trash Cans. There is a prayer room in Marwah Indah Housing and green open space in the form of fishing ponds, parks, entertainment facilities for other children's games are located at Joko Indah Housing. For utilities, the electricity network and telephone network are available in all three housing estates. Elements of infrastructure, facilities and utilities as well as Elements of Ease of Accomplishing Activities generally gave an agreeable answer that these elements became consumers' preferences in choosing and determining housing, but the element of availability of supporting facilities respondents gave neutral/undecided/less answers. Characteristics of Housing Development based on the answers given by respondents summarized 9 main factors that became the basis for assessment as housing consumers

Telephone Network Access Trunks Used as Nesting Structures by Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina

Telephone Network Access Trunks Used as Nesting Structures by Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina

IMPLEMENTASI VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWOR MENGGUNAKAN POINT-TO-POINT TUNNELING PROTOCOL

Today's technological development is very rapid, especially in the field of network security. The field of network security is a matter that will be a very important part because the network security system is used to guarantee the confidentiality, theft, or burglary of data on a company. In its implementation, a VPN network (Virtual Private Network) uses a site-to-site Point to Point Tunel Protocol (PPTP) method to connect between two places that are located far apart. The main facility of using PPTP is being able to use a public-switched telephone network (PSTN) to build a VPN. At PT Indosis Integrasi Jakarta, the place where the author conducts research there are several problems that the author found, namely, when sending data between the head office and branch offices in Bandung, there is no security that ensures that the data is safe. With the current state of the network, uninterested parties will easily access or steal confidential company data.

A Strategy to Strengthen and Enhance the Telecommunication Network in Sri Lanka by Using Concepts of Graph Theory and Linear Programming Models

The telecommunication sector in Sri Lanka is one of the most dynamic sectors, contributing significantly, both directly and indirectly, to investment, employment, productivity, and overall economic growth. According to the transformation of the telecommunication network of Sri Lanka, this study proposes a structure to increase the average upload and download speeds by using some concepts in pure Mathematics. The research design has aligned into two categories as interpretation and optimization. They established by using the concept of Graph Theory and linear programming models respective. We forecast the public switched telephone network (PSTN) model for the local network. Then we ranked carrier systems of Sri Lanka according to their services without violating privacy. Next, we created the minimum traffic flow, local model, based on the traffic flows. Then we proposed cable systems around Sri Lanka. After that, we calculated the required signal towers for the uniform coverage by considering the population density. Linear programming models had generated to optimize the traffic flows. We could obtain six hundred twenty-five linear programming models due to different coefficients in each case. So, we have separated those models into three sectors: low, moderate, and high. Three examples had discussed by considering them. The solutions had evaluated by using the PHP Simplex calculator.

Telemedicine in palliative care during the COVID-19 era: A review of the literature

Telemedicine has become an effective approach for managing COVID-19 and preventing the risk of cross-contamination. The health application is growing rapidly, where medical information is transferred via telephone, Internet and other networks for consultation, control medical procedures or examinations. The application is very important to use in the pandemic era in reducing the COVID-19 infection, especially in palliative care. The study aimed to determine Telemedicine's effectiveness on palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a literature review method. Search databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, with the keyword telemedicine for palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review explained that Telemedicine can establish effective nurse-patient communication, increase safety, improve palliative care and patient support services, reduce APD consumption, and simplify clinical workflows. It also improves patient comfort, reduces the psychological burden of isolation, and reduces nurses' workload.
 Keywords: COVID-19; telemedicine; healthcare services; technology in health; role of nurses

Ultrasonic physical layers as building blocks of IoT stacks

Instrumental, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands are essential to the transmission of IoT traffic as most of the physical layers of the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) families rely on them. ISM bands, however, are associated with a myriad of problems responsible for signal degradation and pollution that lead to application Quality of Service (QoS) issues. In this context, the use of alternative transmission mechanisms serve as backup to traditional schemes. One of such mechanisms relies on sub-ultrasonic and ultrasonic signals for the propagation of IoT device traffic. In this paper, we recycle a well known acoustic modulation scheme intended to be used in legacy Public Switching Telephone Networks (PSTNs) to support sub-ultrasonic and ultrasonic channels. This scheme becomes the basic building block of a physical layer that is combined with other well known elements of the IoT layered architecture. This not only includes a customized link layer but also an adaptation layer that enables full integration with upper layers.

Impact of digital technology on banking business in Southeast Asia countries

This article studies the bank's operations on digital platforms using panel data from 2010 to 2020 of five Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The Pooled regression model (POOL), Fixed effect model (FEM), Random effect model (REM) were applied to the study to consider the impact of variables on the number of digital banking transactions, the total value of banking transactions conducted by telephone and telecommunications networks, the number of card accounts opened at the bank to the bank's deposit and loan turnover. The results of this study showed that the number of digital banking transactions and, the total value of banking transactions conducted by via telephone and telecommunications networks contribute to the increase in the bank's deposit and lending turnover. As such, the regression model shows that ease of interaction, decision support tools, customer care opportunities as well as flexibility in conducting online transactions to a large extent affect has a positive impact on customer relationships between banks, and has a positive impact on the business activities of banks in Southeast Asia. Digital banking services must attract and maintain customers' attention. Policy proposals promote the development toward a larger banking industry and focus on the effectiveness of digital banking applications.

THE STATE OF COMMUNICATIONS IN THE RUDKIV DISTRICT OF WUPR (NOVEMBER 1918 – MAY 1919)

The article analyzes the state of communications in the Rudkiv District of the West Ukrainian People's Republic during November 1918 – May 1919. It highlights the importance of the means of communication for the functioning of the state and society; pays attention to crisis phenomena; and investigates the reasons for their occurrence. It is demonstrated that, for a number of reasons, it was not possible to establish an effective railway connection in the county immediately. On the one hand, the article notices such problems of a state scale as personnel, fuel and material hunger, abuse of power by civil servants, and disorganization of the movement. On the other hand, it is indicated that the functioning of the local railway had its own peculiarities: as a result of the loss of Lviv, the duration and length of travel significantly increased; there was no record of theft of railway property in the district; but there were cases of sabotage among railway workers. The measures taken by the government to resolve the crisis are revealed. It is demonstrated that other means of transportation, primarily ordinary roads, despite the repair work of the military authorities and the civilians, were in an unsatisfactory condition due to natural disasters, negligence, or abuse of local residents. The example of the functioning of local post, telegraph and telephone networks shows the reflection of such national trends as the protection and restoration of telegraph lines, the slow creation of post offices and governments, and difficulties with the Ukrainization of state emblems on a regional scale. Keywords: Western Ukrainian People's Republic, Rudkiv District, means of communication, railway, postal service, telegraph and telephone networks.

Reconstructing the Economic Landscape of Ekaterinburg City in 1914 Based on the Telephone Network

This paper reconstructs Ekaterinburg’s economic landscape in 1914. The research is based on the 1910 city map and quantitative data from the 1914 city phonebook and relies on the space syntax method. During the study, the authors created a database including 390 local companies’ phone numbers before World War I classified in accordance with the Fisher-Clark economic sector model (primary sector — extraction of raw materials, secondary — manufacturing, tertiary — service industries, quaternary — finances and information services, quinary sector — administration, education, medicine, sciences, etc.). The research demonstrates that there were just a couple of primary sector businesses in Ekaterinburg in the early twentieth century. Most secondary sector plants and factories had been moved outside of the city, while the others were evenly distributed following the environmental regulations and proximity to labour force. Tertiary sector firms dominated in the western part of the city and formed a commercial district around Market Square. The quaternary sector companies had almost the same location, spreading further to the northwest. Quinary sector organisations were dispersed all over the city with a notable concentration in the center and north-western part. The reconstruction of the Ekaterinburg economic landscape reveals that its centre occupied the area around the dam that locked the Iset River running through the city and spread towards the west and north-west part in the early twentieth century forming the city’s future business district.

THE ONLINE MUSEUM PROJECT AND ENSUING TRANSFORMATIONS OF MUSEUM LIFE: THE 2020–2021 CASE OF DMYTRO YAVORNYTSKY NATIONAL HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF DNIPRO

The author aims to carry out a comparative analysis of the state websites of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The article contains a set of tables that help illustrate the materials. The first table renders a comparative analysis of communication channels on the MFA websites based on the following criteria: postal address, telephone, fax, e-mail, mobile phone, and social networks. The second table, by relying on the websites of the Baltic MFAs, demonstrates that the official pages contain links to such social networks as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Flikr, Linkedln, and Instagram. The third table analyzes the availability of the following languages on the MFA websites: official language, English, Russian, French, and Polish. The tables are followed by the author’s scientific generalizations on the research findings. Conclusions highlight the need to develop communication channels of the above government agencies to make them available to more online visitors.

Prenos Q-signalizacije postupkom tunelovanja u automatskoj telefonskoj mreži integrisanih servisa Vojske Srbije

Introduction/purpose: To specify the practical application of ECMA355 and ECMA-336 Standards for Q-SIG tunneling and the implementation of mapping functions via the existing IP (Internet Protocol) network of the Serbian Armed Forces (Intranet SAF), in the Private Automatic Telephone Network SAF (PATN SAF), as the main part of the Private telecommunication-information networks of integrated services SAF (PISN SAF). Methods: Description of the implemented solution and analysis of the software parameters of the established transmission SIP route, with the display of the results obtained in the fight with jitter and echo in the network. Results: With such a solution, it was achieved that participants from the peripheral parts of the PISN SAF, which operate on the principle of transmission and circuit switching by TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), can connect with each other via the newly established central IP network SAF (Core network) which operates on the principle of transmission and switching packets with the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), without losing the functionality of QSIG from the framework of the digital telecommunication network of integrated services ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Conclusion: The article deals with the modern IP PINX (Private Integrated Services Network Exchange) manufactured by Mitel, type MX-ONE Service Node 6.0, which is implemented at the transit level PATN SAF and which successfully implements the process of tunneling Q-SIG through the IP network and the necessary functions for mapping the transmission of tunneled QSIG messages and mapping voice (and other audio) information to VoIP (Voice over IP) communication media streams through that network. Also, the basic elements for its software preparation during the introduction of a new SIP route, with a capacity of 30 IP trunks in a transmission beam realized with 100 Mb/s-T Ethernet, are given, and the fight with the present jitter and echo in the network is described. Finally, the paper presents the experience-based values of the parameters for reducing the influence of jitter and suppressing echo.

THE CALCULATING METHOD OF NGN ACCESS NODE CHARACERISICS WHEN SERVICING VOICE AND DATA TRAFFIC

Access nodes of NGN networks provide traffic aggregation to various network services and its transfer to the transport layer, which allows calling such networks multiservice.1;2. These networks are used to simultaneously transmit voice, video, and data presented in the from of standard packets. At the same time, network services provide an unlimited set of telecommunication services with specified characteristics of quality of service.1;2 The selected technology of information distribution in the NGN determines the degree of complexity of access nodes and, of course, affects the quality of information exchange service between user terminals. One of the ways to ensure a given level of quality of service for each of the services is the introduction of priority service for certain traffic flows. Introducing priorities for packets is an effective way to manage the size of queues and the time spent in it. When a high-priority packet is received, a packet with a lower priority is either interrupted (absolute priority) or a high priority packet becomes the beginning of the packets queue (relative priority). In this paper, we study the characteristics of NGN access nodes as a two priority queuing system with a limited expectation.5. Formulas for calculating the probability of loss of speech packets, as well as data packets, and other characteristics of the access node have been proposed. The NGN's access nodes provide aggregation of traffic to various services directed by the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and its transportation to a higher level, which allows you to call such networks multiservice ones. The new generation networks allow simultaneous transmission of mixed streams (voice, video, and data) represented in the form of standard packets. One of the ways to ensure the specified quality of service is to introduce a priority method for servicing traffic flows 5.

Synthesis of information and telecommunication networks of automatized environmental security systems with the purpose of gaining maximum noise resistance with a given efficiency

The article defines the system features, properties and characteristics of information and telecommunication networks of automated environmental safety systems: information reliability and proven efficiency as a fundamental characteristic of system perfection. The main task of this research is to standardize the highest level of information and telecommunications networks architecture that provide the creation, processing, storage, deletion and transportation of information. In this case, the architecture is considered as a single for: all types of networks (including network services): optical transport network, Internet network (data network), fixed telephone network, mobile network and all types of products, customers, services, resources, aspects of management. A very important requirement is that the system architecture should not change when changing the structure of products, market requirements or the structure of the company. Standardization of information systems architecture involves: defining a complete list of architecture components; determination of functional boundaries of components; definition of interfaces (protocols) of interaction of components. The main purpose of architecture standardization is: to reduce the implementation of telecommunications services by reducing the time for implementation and modernization of information systems, and increase the efficiency of implementation of information systems, as well as reduce costs for their creation and operation by: avoiding duplication of functions; use of open interfaces; repeated use of the same type of elements. The research concerns the structural synthesis of the architectures of four main telecommunication networks: transport, IP, mobile and fixed. Eight sets of network resources (levels) were selected to standardize each network architecture. Based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the development potential of each network depending on the trends of modern telecommunications services. The telecommunication services means of production architecture, which include platforms of network resources and network services, is considered. The article proposes a methodological basis for the synthesis of information and communication technology systems in order to establish a single information platform, which is presented as a universal architecture of information and communication systems. The messaging service is considered in the context of: one workstation, one domain and interconnection between domains. The efficiency of information transmission systems is considered. When evaluating different communication systems, two indicators were taken into account: efficiency and noise immunity; their combination gives a fairly complete description of the system. The most perfect system is the one that provides the greatest efficiency at a given noise immunity or, conversely, the greatest noise immunity at a given efficiency.

An empirical analysis of the impact of banking regulations on sustainable financial inclusion in the CEMAC region

Based on a panel analysis of six countries over the period 2004–2018, this study examines the impact of financial regulation on sustainable financial inclusion (FI) in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) region. Using different approaches to estimate FI, we find that banking regulation has a positive impact on FI. In particular, our findings suggest that regulations for monitoring entry into the financial sector, external reporting and audits, and deposit insurance contribute sustainably to an increase in FI. In addition, banking regulations help the region to attract foreign direct investment and boost economic growth. An important policy implication of this paper is that CEMAC regulators should enhance synergy with mobile telephone network providers to promote digital FI, as it offers a low-cost option for promoting FI, especially for people living in areas underserved by mainstream financial institutions.

A Conversion Protocol for 2W Telephone Signal over Ethernet in a Private PSTN

In this paper, we proposed a protocol to convert 2W telephone analog signals to Ethernet data in a private PSTN 2W tactical voice system. There are several kinds of operational problems in the tactical telephone network where 2W telephone copper lines are installed hundreds of meters away from the PBX in a headquarter site. The reason is that it is difficult to install and maintain the 2W telephone copper cable in severe operational fields and to meet safety and stability operational requirements of the telephone line under lighting and electromagnetic environments. In order to solve these challenging demands, we proposed an efficient method that the 2W analog interface signals between a private PBX system and a 2W telephone is converted to Ethernet messages using the optical Ethernet data communication network already deployed in the tactical weapon system. Thus, it is not necessary to install an additional optic cable for the ethernet telephone line and to maintain the private PSTN 2W telephone network. Also it provides safe and secure telecommunication operation under lightning and electromagnetic environments.<br/>This paper presents the conversion protocol from 2W telephone signals over Ethernet interface between PBX systems and 2W telephones, the mutual exchange protocol of ethernet messages between two converters, and the rule to process analog signal interface. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed technique can provide a feasible solution in the tactical weapon system by analyzing its performance and experimental results such as the bandwidth of 2W telephone ethernet network and the transmission latency of voice signal, and the stability of optic ethernet voice network along with the ethernet data network.

Enhancement of WEEE Management Practices in MTN Phone Village, Rumukurushi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Informal recycling has been a source of challenges to a mobile telephone network (MTN) phone village in Rumukurushi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and several locations in developing countries. In order to bring a lasting solution to the menace of informal recycling in this location, the study proposed a new waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management system. The system comprises the application of two key concepts. The first concept includes limiting the activities of informal recyclers to WEEE collection only. This implies WEEE treatment, dismantling, etc., are carried out by government-approved agencies and experts. The second concept involves the application of the just-in-time (JIT) management concept for managing WEEE. The concept ensures that WEEE is only requested from the recycler or the individuals in possession of it and only on demand. The study adopted a qualitative research approach. Data collection and analysis were achieved via semi-structured phone interviews and thematic analysis, respectively. The outcome of the study limits the activities of the informal recyclers to WEEE collection. Informal recyclers gain revenue from collection. A reduction in the waiting time of workers and WEEE storage space is achieved. This offers safety, efficiency, and an increased productivity. This will help to revolutionise the WEEE management system in the location.

Communication Competency Account Representative in Doing Tax Payer Compliance Supervision at Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Office Medan Timur

The objective of the research was to analyze Account Representative communication competence, analyze how effective communication channels are carried out by Account Representatives, and analyze taxpayer tax compliance as the impact of AR communication competence in improving at KPP Pratama Medan Timur. Researchers used the descriptive qualitative research method by conducting data collection methods through in-depth interviews and documentary methods. Research subjects obtained 6 (six) informants who themselves are from Account Representatives and Taxpayers in the KPP Pratama Medan Timur. The results showed that the Account Representative's communication competence in supervising tax compliance to taxpayers at KPP Pratama Medan Timur was good because the Account Representative already had the components of communication competence in the form of motivation, skills, and knowledge. The most effective communication channel used by Account Representatives in supervising tax compliance to taxpayers is an interpersonal communication channel through the telephone network because messages are delivered quickly, but have few technical constraints, namely network constraints but not too often. Good communication competence possessed by the Account Representative can make taxpayers pay or report SPT, namely changing the attitude of taxpayers who initially have not paid tax payable or reporting SPT, so taxpayers are willing to carry out their tax obligations. With taxpayers paying and reporting tax returns, they can improve tax compliance of taxpayers at KPP Pratama Medan Timur