Telephone Directory Research Articles

A century of telephony: digital capture of British telephone directories, 1880-1984

ABSTRACT We describe the creation of a data resource for charting the adoption of fixed line telephony in Great Britain over the period 1880–1984, of which the period 1880–1951 is available for wide research use. We first evaluate the use of various open-source software and then develop the novel teldiR open-source package to capture digitally encoded scans of all available telephone directories at ten-yearly intervals throughout this period and document the quality control checks used to establish the provenance of the resulting digital records. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of digitally encoding scans of historical telephone directories, and suggests potential analytical extensions to this work, including georeferencing of subscriber records. This research is seen not only as facilitating geographical analysis of the adoption of fixed line telephony, but also as creating a bridge between historical analysis of residential mobility, migration, and changing geodemographic structure in the years between (now digitized) historical censuses and present day digital sources. The digital resource arising from this research is available for bona fide research use.

Estimating the scale of gastronomic services in Warsaw during the German Occupation 1939‑1944: a review of the evidence

It is frequently asserted that gastronomic services (or the hospitality sector) in Warsaw during the Occupation was, paradoxically, larger than before 1st September 1939. The evidence for this assertion, by known and highly respected authors, is argued here to be internally inconsistent even though their conclusions are largely the same. This paper comes to contrary conclusions, namely, that the scale of gastronomic services was smaller than before the war, though it was still surprisingly large, given the terrible conditions existing in the city. (Obviously, in either case, the evidence one draws upon can often be circumstantial and partial). The research draws on an analysis of telephone directories published in Poland from 1930 to 1945, some of which, but not all, are some of the sources used by the authors.

Tracing Furniture Advertisements in Ankara Telephone Directories

Tracing Furniture Advertisements in Ankara Telephone Directories

Sesotho ideophones as personal names: A systemic functional linguistics approach

This article explores Sesotho ideophones as personal names. These ideophones are described with a systemic functional linguistics (SFL) theory framework as they were awarded as enacted messages that explicate social functions. The study is a further alleviation of the problem of complacency of taking personal names for granted, a problem facing Sesotho speakers, unaware that these names arise from their daily discourse and have social functions. It is a qualitative study and data was collected from academic institutions – their enrolment, pass and graduation lists – and from radio and TV broadcasts, telephone directories, neighbours and many other sources. The aim is to establish that Sesotho ideophones deployed as onomastics reflect as the context of reference, the semiotic view that Basotho functionally capture their socio-cultural context to portray their experiences and views. The names employ various linguistic qualities to display the interpersonal ‘social fabric’ among speakers. Their application displays the name givers skill to realise an ideophone as a permanent onomastic inscription that reveals the name givers’ modality or evaluation of a birth context. It is concluded that these ideophones significantly illuminate the aspired form-meaning description of functional Sesotho normally overlooked by Sesotho grammarians. The study finds that a ideophone-onomastic feature supersedes the verb quality of ideophones and makes the verbal group and the nominal group interrelate. Further, it magnifies SFL in the description of Sesotho grammar and strengthens that Sesotho names are context-based texts. Further research could establish the real contexts that describe these ideophone choices as personal names. This study has implications for linguistics, language education, media and advertising and applied linguistics.

Assessment of exposure to perfluorinated industrial substances and risk of immune suppression in Greenland and its global context: a mixed-methods study

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous global contaminants that do not readily biodegrade and are therefore routinely found worldwide in wildlife, humans, and the environment. There is a paucity of global assessments to understand regional and continental differences in exposure to PFASs and the associated health risks, including those for Indigenous Arctic communities who consume high trophic marine diets. We aimed to estimate the long-term exposure of dietary PFASs from consumption of polar bear and ringed seal meat and establish its association with blood serum concentrations of PFASs in Inuit in Ittoqoortoormiit (Scoresby Sound), East Greenland. We also aimed to assess the risk of immune suppression on the basis of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) thresholds for weekly intake and blood serum concentrations of PFASs. Last, we conducted a worldwide risk assessment based on blood concentrations of PFASs emphasising Arctic exposure in a global context. In this mixed-methods study, we conducted interviews to compare dietary exposure of PFASs in anonymous, non-pregnant, Inuit adults (aged ≥18 years) from full-time or part-time hunter families in Ittoqoortoormiit, East Greenland with ESFA toxic threshold values for tolerable weekly intake of the four most immunotoxic PFASs (∑4PFAS; perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonate). Independent hospital staff from the local hospital randomly selected participants using simple randomisation using a telephone directory. Blood serum concentrations were then compared with EFSA risk categories: low (0·7-9·5 ng/mL), moderate (>9·5-17·5 ng/mL), high (>17·5-31·9 ng/mL), and severe (>31·9 ng/mL). We also reviewed the available scientific literature of ∑4PFAS concentrations in human blood to place the Inuit dataset in a broader global context. Between Sept 21, and Oct 2, 2015, 22 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 12 were male and ten were female. Sex data were obtained from personal social security numbers and options were male or female. As a result of a subsistence diet high in marine mammal muscle, 322 (92%) of 350 people in the Ittoqoortoormiit cohort exceeded the established immunotoxic thresholds of ∑4PFASs set by EFSA's tolerable weekly intake of 4·4 ng/kg, and 301 (86%) were in the most severe risk category (>31·9 ng/mL) based on blood serum concentrations. This Inuit cohort had the highest non-occupational long-term exposure to PFASs worldwide despite their remote location relative to industrial sources. Using country-wide average values across global studies, we found that blood serum concentrations of PFASs in populations from European countries, North America, the Arctic, and Australia were generally higher than those in South America, Africa, and mainland Asia, with the highest concentrations found in people from USA, Canada, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the UK, Spain, Poland, and Australia. These high exposure countries all fall within the EFSA moderate-risk and high-risk categories. PFAS contamination of the environment and human populations occurs worldwide. This pollution not only poses substantial risks for immune system adverse events but also cardiovascular, cancerous, and reproductive endpoints. Data on such PFAS exposure is scarce in numerous countries. Therefore, it is important to also map out the exposure in these countries to enable a thorough global assessment of exposure and risks. Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic.

STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SURNAMES OF ODESA REGION MOTIVATED BY PROFESSION NAMES

Introduction. The article analyzes the surnames of Odesa formed from profession names. A thematic classification was made and 18 groups were selected. The word-forming features of the surnames in the Odesa region were considered. The relevance of the study is determined by: the almost complete absence in modern onomastics of regional studies of onyms formed from the names of professions; the importance of identifying the specificity of the functioning of onyms formed from profession names in Odesa and the influence of social processes on this specificity; the social and practical significance of the problems of nomination and the growing interest of the population in the issues of onomastics.
 The purpose of the study is to identify the structure, formation and distribution of onyms motivated by profession names and to determine the sociocultural components of anthroponyms related to professional activity. The subject of the research is the structural, semantic and functional features of onyms motivated by the names of professions. The object of the research is surnames formed from the names of professions.
 Materials and methods. As the main method for collecting and systematizing the material, the descriptive method was used. When comparing the regional characteristics of surnames formed from profession names, the comparative and comparative-historical methods were used extensively. The material of the research were the surnames found in printed and electronic telephone directories, as well as minutes books of the departments of the RAC. A total of 1,850 names were analyzed.
 Results. In conclusion, the analysis of the surnames in Odesa formed from profession names proves the high level of relevance of appellative vocabulary in the processes of their creation, establishes the reasons for the dominance of certain thematic groups of surnames.
 Сonclusions. The most numerous is the group of surnames formed from the names of craftsmen, and significantly fewer surnames were formed from the names of administrative positions and titles, from the names of church ministers, military affairs, trade, food industry, education and art. As a result of word-formation analysis, the largest number of surnames with the suffix -enk-, and the smallest - with the suffix -ets were indicated.

“Ring up for an appointment”: Empirical & oral evidence of commercial & other freedoms in the heyday of the City

Informed by economic concepts of product competition, this paper uses publicly available and accurate business information on establishment names and addresses obtained from the Yellow Pages of the contemporary Hong Kong telephone book and census socio-economic data backed by oral testimonies, to dispel the myth that the “Kowloon Walled City” was an incarcerated ghetto. The use of this imagery in the title for this City as a built up, politically sensitive zone levelled to the ground to make way for a public Chinese garden shortly before Hong Kong was returned to China, is treated as a form of ‘product differentiation’ in the academic research marketplace. As a contribution to planning theory, the paper uses the City as a show case of how academic branding, through descriptors, creates images of places and offers a countervailing image. Technically, it demonstrates the immense archival value of telephone directories and business chronicles apart from census data as sources of socially significant data for urban studies and informed re-interpretation of subjective imageries of an urban place.

Hesitancy to Receive the Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose among Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Random Telephone Survey.

A second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose is effective and safe for older adults. This study investigated hesitancy to take up a second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and its determinants among older adults in Hong Kong. Participants were Chinese-speaking community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or above. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from up-to-date telephone directories. A total of 370 participants completed the telephone survey. Logistic regression models were fitted for data analysis. Among the participants, half (52.4%) were hesitant to receive the second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, perceived benefits (AOR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.60), cues to action (AOR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.52), and perceived self-efficacy (AOR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.66) of receiving the second booster dose were associated with lower vaccine hesitancy. Perceived barriers (AOR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.34) and vaccine fatigue (tired of receiving repeated COVID-19 vaccination) (AOR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.52, 2.38) were associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Level of hesitancy to receive the second booster dose was high among older adults in Hong Kong. Health authorities should address vaccine fatigue and modify perceptions related to the second booster dose.

Changes in Levels and Barriers of Physical Activity among Community-dwelling Older Adults during and after the Fifth Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak in Hong Kong: Repeated Random Telephone Surveys.

It is unclear whether the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on physical activity (PA) among older adults would be long lasting, and there is a dearth of studies looking at the changes in barriers to performing PA among older adults before and after entering the "post-pandemic era". The study compared levels and barriers of PA among a random sample of community-dwelling older adults recruited during (February to April 2022) and after the fifth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (May to July 2022) in Hong Kong. In addition, we investigated factors associated with low PA level among participants recruited at different time points. This study had two rounds of random telephone surveys. Participants were community-dwelling Chinese-speaking individuals aged 65 years or above and having a Hong Kong ID card. Household telephone numbers were randomly selected from the most updated telephone directories. Experienced interviewers carried out telephone interviews between 6pm and 10pm on weekdays and between 2pm and 9pm on Saturdays to avoid under-sampling of working individuals. We called 3900 and 3840 households in the first and second round, 640 and 625 households had an eligible older adult, and 395 and 370 completed the telephone survey. As compared to participants in the first round, fewer participants had low level of PA in the second round (28.6% versus 45.9%, P<.001). Participants in the second round had higher metabolic equivalent of tasks (MET)-minutes/week (median: 1707.5 versus 840, P<.001) and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per week (median: 240 versus 105, P<.001) than those in the first round. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, participants who perceived a lack of physical capacity to do PA (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.34 & 2.92, P=.001 & P=.002) and believed that PA would cause pain and discomfort (AOR: 2.04 & 2.82, P=.02 & P=.001) were more likely to have low level of PA in both rounds. Do not have time (AOR: 4.19, P=.01) and concern about COVID-19 infection during PA (AOR: 1.73, P=.02) were associated with low level of PA among participants in the first round, but not in the second round. Perceived a lack of space and facility to do PA at home (AOR: 2.03, P=.02) and cannot find people to do PA together (AOR: 1.80, P=.04) were associated with low PA level in the second round, but not in the first round. The level of PA increased significantly among older adults after Hong Kong entered the "post-pandemic era". Different factors influenced older adults' PA level during and after the fifth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. Regular monitoring of the PA level and its associated factors should be conducted to guide health promotion and policy making.

Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown Measure in a Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study on Reunion Island.

In March 2020, the French government implemented nation-wide measures to reduce social contact and slow the progression of the emerging coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, the most significant being a complete home lockdown that lasted 8 weeks. Reunion Island is a French overseas department marked by large social inequalities. We draw the hypothesis that distancing and lockdown measures may have contributed to an increase in the social inequalities in health (SIH) on Reunion Island. The aim of our study was to describe the SIH during lockdown in the Reunionese population. We implemented a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted between 13 May and 22 July 2020, using a retrospective data collection on the lockdown period. A total of 892 adult participants (≥18 years) were recruited in the 114 large Reunionese neighborhoods using the quota method within the national "White Pages" telephone directory. Degraded psychological states, an increase in addictive behaviors, difficulties in accessing food, a decrease in physical activity, delayed medical appointments, violence against women, and health problems in children were driven by the socio-economic characteristics of the population, most often to the disadvantage of social groups exposed to poor living conditions. These results suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown contributed to an increase in SIH.

COVID-19 and the social distribution of hunger in three Caribbean Small Island Developing States.

ABSTRACTObjectives.To determine changes to income and livelihood, food consumption, and hunger due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in three Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean: Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, and St Vincent and the Grenadines.Methods.This was a cross-sectional study conducted in July 2020. Participants were selected using telephone directories and lists of mobile numbers. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interviews. Participants rated the impact of COVID-19 on their livelihoods and the Adult Food Security Module was used to assess hunger. To examine how these outcomes varied by sociodemographic group, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported.Results.The analysis included 880 participants. Of these, 40% (344/871) reported some form of hunger, with 18% (153/871) classed as moderate-to-severe hunger. Almost three quarters of households reported some impact on their livelihood (640/880), with 28% (243/880) classifying this impact as moderate to severe. Women were 60% more likely to report that their livelihoods were moderately to severely affected by COVID-19 (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.09, 2.31) and 70% more likely to experience moderate-to-severe hunger (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.37, 2.09). The effects of COVID-19 on livelihood and hunger were greater in those with secondary-school and primary-school education compared with tertiary education.Conclusion.The COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable segments of the population. Social protection programmes are a key component of efforts to alleviate the pandemic’s consequences; however, equitable access must be ensured.

Clustering of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Diseases in a Colombian Population

The aim of this study was to estimate disease pattern clusters and co-occurrences of oral signs and symptoms in a Colombian population. A cross-sectional study was carried out through a telephone survey amongst 1155 people registered in the telephone directory from Pasto, Colombia. The calls were made from July to November 2019. A 14-item self-report questionnaire about signs and symptoms related to oral diseases that included sociodemographic characteristics was employed. Descriptive and multivariable analyses such as hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling, and generalized linear models were used to determine co-occurrences in different sex and age strata. Age- and condition-specific clusters of signs and symptoms were identified, while sex differences were limited. Calculus and denture sore mouth were related in 18- to 34-year-olds; tooth loss and calculus in 35- to 54-year-olds, and teeth holes or pits (dental caries) and dental abscess in those aged 55 years and older. We found stronger associations between periodontal disease (bleeding gums) and dental caries (odds ratio [OR], 2.484; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.812-3.405; P < .001) as well as grinding/clenching and facial tension (OR, 7.162; 95% CI, 5.227-9.814; P < .001). Age-specific clustering of signs and symptomsand diagnostic patterns wer present in ths Colombian cohort.

Facilitators and Barriers to Take up a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Population-Based Random Telephone Survey.

A COVID-19 vaccine booster dose is effective and safe for older adults. This study investigated facilitators and barriers to take up a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among older adults in Hong Kong. Participants were Chinese-speaking community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from up-to-date telephone directories. A total of 395 participants completed the telephone interview. Logistic regression models were fitted. Among the participants, 31.6% received a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, positive attitudes toward the booster dose, perceiving significant others would support them to receive the booster dose, and less uncertainty regarding the choice of the booster dose was associated with higher uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. Concerns about poorer responses to the booster dose due to older age and the presence of chronic conditions were negatively associated with the dependent variable. In addition, the belief that governmental promotional materials could address their concern and were helpful for them to make decisions was associated with a higher COVID-19 vaccine booster dose uptake. Improving booster dose health promotion materials, modifying perceptions, involving significant others and reducing uncertainty are potentially useful strategies to improve COVID-19 vaccine booster dose uptake among older adults.

Governmental Incentives, Satisfaction with Health Promotional Materials, and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Random Telephone Survey.

COVID-19 vaccination is proven to be effective and safe for older adults. This study investigated the impacts of incentives and health promotional materials provided by the government on the completion of the primary COVID-19 vaccination series among older adults in Hong Kong. Participants were Chinese-speaking community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from up-to-date Hong Kong telephone directories. A total of 440 participants completed the telephone interview. Logistic regression models were fitted. Among the participants, 58.4% had completed the primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Most participants believed that incentives provided by the government had almost no impact on increasing their motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination, and less than half thought that vaccination promotional materials produced by the government could address their concerns and help them make decisions. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, we found perceived higher impacts of the incentives and belief that vaccination promotional materials produced by the government could address their concern and were helpful for them to make decisions to be associated with a higher rate of completion of primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Perceptions supporting COVID-19 vaccination and less decisional conflict regarding the choice of vaccine were also positively associated with the dependent variable. Government should develop incentives and health promotional materials tailored to the needs of older adults.

Frequent mental distress among adults in the United States and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and chronic health condition

Frequent mental distress (FMD) is a measure of poor mental health days for at least 14 days out of 30 days. It is one of the important dimensions of the health-related quality of life. The underlying causes of FMD are diverse. However, the issue has not been explored extensively due to the lack of reliable data on mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the level and trends of FMD among the adults of the United States (US) and identify the socio-demographic, lifestyles, and chronic health outcomes related correlates of FMD. The data for the study was obtained from the publicly available 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the US, covering a large sample of 418,268 adult respondents from all the 50 states and participating territories. Respondents from each state and territory were identified by selecting the telephone number from the telephone directory following a systematic sampling design. To examine the trends in the prevalence of FMD, data from the 2010-2018 BRFSS were also utilized. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including multiple logistic regression models were employed to analyze the data. Results indicated that about 12% of the adults in the US experienced FMD, and the prevalence of FMD is increasing over time. Females, students, adults aged below 35 years, multiracial, less educated, single, low income, and underweight individuals were found to have a higher risk of FMD. FMD was found to be significantly associated with unhealthy lifestyles and chronic health conditions. This study findings highlight the importance of interventions for mental health promotion and mental illness prevention, substance use prevention, screening and treatment services of FMD, and increased provision of resources to address social and economic determinants of FMD.

Impact of Consumer Awareness and Behavior on Business Exit in Hospitality, Tourism, Entertainment, and Culture Industries Under the Covid-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 has a negative impact on business performance through anti-contagion regulations. It is especially serious in specific service industries such as hospitality, tourism, entertainment, and cultural industries. Contrary to several countries and regions in Europe and North America where economic and social activities were restricted, a more sophisticated regulation, “emergency status declaration,” was announced in Japan four times from April 2020 to date because of legal constraints. Empirical studies have been carried out on the effects of COVID-19 (including those of anti-contagion measures and support policies) on business performance, but most of them rely on one-shot survey data on firms; thus, they do not consider consumer awareness and do not target specific service sectors that are most directly damaged by anti-contagion regulations. Therefore, this study uses our original monthly survey data on consumers and telephone directory monthly data to investigate empirically the effects of consumer awareness and attitudes on business exits at the prefecture-level, focusing on specific service sectors including hospitality, tourism, entertainment, and cultural industries. Based on panel fixed-effect estimation, our preliminary results show that an increase in consumers’ risk aversion, sympathy for self-restraint from going out, and a decrease in going out with family members significantly increases the exit ratio in specific service industries in the same prefecture. Moreover, these effects vary depending on consumer types.

Factors influencing inappropriate use of antibiotics: Findings from a nationwide survey of the general public in Malaysia.

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global public health. Misuse of antibiotics has never been investigated on a nationwide scale among the general public in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and knowledge factors associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Malaysian context to inform the development of interventions to mitigate inappropriate antibiotic use. We conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) between June 2019 and December 2019. The telephone numbers were randomly generated from the electronic residential telephone directory of all 13 states and 3 Federal Territories in Malaysia. The survey consisted of questions on demographics, knowledge about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (53 items), and practices of antibiotic use (16 questions). A total of 864 complete responses were received. Pronounced erroneous beliefs that antibiotics are effective against infections caused by viruses and that antibiotics can speed up recovery from coughs and colds were evident. The proportions that were aware of the terms 'drug resistance', 'antimicrobial resistance', and 'superbugs' were low. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the antibiotic knowledge score was 23.7 (SD ±9.25; range 0 to 50) out of a possible score of 52. Regarding antibiotic practices, a considerable proportion reported non-adherence to recommended doses. The mean and SD for the antibiotic practices score was 37.9 (SD ± 6.5; range 17 to 47) out of a possible score of 48. Participants who earned an average monthly household income of MYR1001-3000 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04-2.50) were more likely to report higher antibiotic practice scores than those with <MYR1000. Participants with tertiary education attainment reported higher antibiotic practice scores (OR 1.99; 95%CI 1.02-3.91) than those with primary school and below. High antibiotic knowledge scores (OR 3.94; 95% CI 2.71-5.73) were associated with higher antibiotic practice scores. Inappropriate antibiotic use is influenced by demographics and antibiotic knowledge. This study calls for education interventions focused on the lower socio-economic status population to increase awareness and to promote appropriate antibiotic use.

On the Status of Rights

On the Status of Rights

Cronistas de la luz. Los fotógrafos de la familia Oñate

Oñate es el apellido de una reconocida familia de fotógrafos bilbilitanos integrada por los hermanos Santiago y Ricardo Oñate Pérez; Isabel Lafuente, segunda esposa de Santiago, conocida como “viuda de Oñate” y Mariano Oñate Malo y Santiago Oñate Lafuente, hijos de Santiago. Protagonizaron los primeros cincuenta años de la historia de la fotografía en Calatayud, entre 1870 y 1930, coincidiendo con la Restauración borbónica y los reinados de Alfonso XII y Alfonso XIII. Se formaron y trabajaron en la capital del Jalón y posteriormente también en Madrid, Aranjuez y Zaragoza, donde alcanzaron fama y renombre. El artículo analiza la actividad de los fotógrafos Oñate. Se localizan los lugares en los que trabajaron, el contexto en el que lo hicieron y se identifica y describe la obra que ha llegado hasta nuestros días. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo mediante el análisis de las fuentes archivísticas y hemerográficas disponibles, así como la revisión sistemática de fuentes de información bibliográficas como anuarios y guías nacionales, regionales y locales y guías telefónicas. Entre los resultados alcanzados destaca el conocimiento de sus biografías, la contextualización de sus trayectorias profesionales y la caracterización de su obra.

MAS: SISTEMA DE ATENCIÓN MÉDICA. Beneficios para estudiantes de la materia Ingeniería de Software y la comunidad con una aplicación móvil de servicios médicos

En el presente trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de una aplicación denominada sistema de atención médica, la cual fue creada para procurar reducir el tiempo de atención, costos y traslado del paciente desde su hogar o lugar de trabajo. En tal sentido, el presente artículo muestra el diseño de dicha aplicación para los sistemas operativos Android e iOS. La aplicación tiene un directorio telefónico con números de emergencia, laboratorios e instituciones de salud. Usando la geolocalización, se muestra a los usuarios cuáles médicos se encuentran cerca de su ubicación, en un radio de cinco kilómetros. Asimismo, ofrece un servicio de mensajes asíncronos entre pacientes y médicos. A través de la aplicación, el usuario puede acceder a su receta y descargarla una vez que haya realizado el pago de su consulta.&#x0D; Para validar la implementación se trabajó con una muestra diagnóstica de 50 participantes, de los cuales 60 % invierte hasta cuatro horas para su atención médica, mientras que 50 % invierte dos salarios mínimos entre la consulta y el traslado. La exploración también demostró que más de 80 % usaría una aplicación móvil para recibir atención médica. En el estudio de usabilidad, ocho preguntas fueron utilizadas con una escala de Liker. Los participantes quedaron satisfechos con la usabilidad de la aplicación, lo que resulta en un conjunto de 85 % con respuestas fácil y muy fácil de utilizar.&#x0D; El sistema de atención médica se desarrolló para proporcionar a los usuarios nuevas herramientas tecnológicas. Se demostró que esta aplicación reduce significativamente el tiempo dedicado al proceso de atención médica, así como los recursos económicos que se deben invertir en ello.