Telemetry Transmission Research Articles

Adaptive elliptic trajectory-based received signal strength indicator antenna tracking algorithm

The continuous telemetry transmission between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and ground control stations is important particularly in scenarios lacking global positioning system (GPS) data. This paper proposes an adaptive novel elliptic trajectory formula-based tracking algorithm for received signal strength indicator (ANETF-RSSI) which dynamically optimizes model parameters based on energy-associated RSSI measurement errors. ANETF-RSSI generates a variable two-dimensional (2D) RSSI map to identify optimal paths, even under challenging conditions like circular flight paths, varying operating ranges, and accelerated maneuvering, which causes uncertainty into RSSI measurements during flight. In contrast to previous methods, the proposed approach eliminates the reliance on telemetry data such as GPS or complex multiantenna configurations, ensuring robust UAV communication continuity across routes ranging from 100 m to 100 km, even as the UAV rotates around the antenna. This method offers substantial contributions, including enhanced monitoring precision, simplified hardware configurations, continuous tracking with superior accuracy, and adaptability to diverse range routes without the need for preflight parameter tuning. Performance evaluations demonstrate that the proposed ANETF-RSSI method consistently outperforms existing technique, improving nominal performance by 32.02% in the most challenging operational scenarios and achieving a remarkable 48.76% improvement in minimum RSSI values. Consequently, this research provides a versatile and adaptive tracking solution for unexpected UAV flight trajectories.

A Blockchain-based MQTT Protocol Optimization Algorithm

The communication protocol is an important support to realize the communication between equipment and Internet. And it covers all aspects of the IoT (Internet of things) system. To address the security problem of forging or tampering of key data in traditional IoT protocols, this paper designs an improved MQTT (message queue telemetry transmission) protocol that uses blockchain technology to ensure the security of transmitted data in the process of data transmission. Because the information in the blockchain is not tamperable, which in turn ensures that data stored in brokers are not maliciously tampered with. Through simulation experiments, it is proved that this scheme is lightweight, efficient and easy to implement, which helps to protect the security of IoT data.

Регрессионная модель затухания ультразвукового сигнала в скважине

The problem of telemetry information transmitting requires a comprehensive study of new communication channels and finding transparency windows for wave propagation in the operating frequency band. Electromagnetic communication channels are energy inefficient and have a low data transfer rate. Cable communication channels have high maintenance costs, and telemetry transmission is impossible at large depths. This paper provides a brief overview of the methods of telemetry information transmitting. The outcomes of the design of a receiving and transmitting ultrasonic device for telemetric information transmitting are presented. The receiver and transmitter are based on the piezo-emitter ZP-25. The frequency of the transmitted signal is 40 kHz. An experimental installation simulating a part of a producing well was used to study the acoustic signal propagation. As a result, a linear regression model of acoustic signal attenuation in the well was received. A comparison is made with the theoretical model of acoustic signal propagation. The discrepancy between the obtained and theoretical model is found. It is shown that linear regression is consistent with experimental results, it is a good simulation model for the signal transmission process, and nonlinear effects in the frequency band under consideration are insignificant. Also, the experimental model has much less attenuation compared to the theoretical one.

Abstract 14949: Wear Time, Frequency of and Time to First Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Patients With a History of Stroke

Introduction: Telemetry monitoring following cryptogenic stroke (CS) is routinely undertaken to rule out atrial fibrillation (AF) as a stroke source. In patients with stroke of known etiology, AF may represent an alternate mechanism for the incident stroke and predicate anticoagulation. Irrespective of classification, a potential limitation of post-stroke monitoring is the patients’ ability to wear an ambulatory monitor for an extended timeframe. Aim: Identify mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT, Philips BioTel Heart) monitor wear time, frequency of AF detection, and time to first AF diagnosis in patients with any history of stroke. Methods: A retrospective review of 7,426 patients prescribed 30-day MCOT with ICD-10 diagnosis codes starting with I63 (cerebral infarct, unspecified) was conducted. Data from 2021 was analyzed for MCOT monitor wear time, occurrence of any AF, and time to first AF detection. Monitor wear time was defined as the time from the first to the last telemetry transmission. Results: The percentage of patients with MCOT monitor wear time of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days was 93%, 87%, 82%, 76%, 67% and 44%, respectively. In this cohort, 748 patients (10.1%) were identified with any AF. Of these patients, the first AF detection occurred in 33% (3.3% of total) in days 1-5 of monitoring, 20% (2.0%) in days 6-10, 15% (1.5%) during days 11-15, 14% (1.4%) during days 16-20, 9% (0.9%) during days 21-25, and 9% (0.9%) during days 26-30. Interestingly, 4% of AF detection (0.4% total) occurred on days 29-30. Conclusions: Patients with cerebral infarcts are capable of adhering to extended MCOT wear times, and 10% of patients with any history of stroke demonstrated AF when prescribed MCOT for 30 days. While most patients had first AF detection within 15 days, 32% of patients had first AF detection between days 16-30. These findings suggest that patients with any history of stroke, regardless of etiology, may benefit from extended duration telemetry monitoring.

A Cadaveric Study Addressing the Feasibility of Remote Patient Monitoring Prosthesis for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, there has been a marked rise in the use of telemedicine to evaluate patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of our study was to assess a novel stem with an embedded sensor that can remotely and objectively monitor a patient's mobility after TKA. A single anatomically designed knee system was implanted in concert with an interconnected tibial stem extension containing 3D accelerometers, 3D gyroscopes, a power source, and a telemetry transmission capability in 3 cadaveric pelvis to toe specimens. The legs were moved by hand to preset tibial positions at full knee extension, midflexion, flexion, and back to midflexion and extension for a total of 16 trials across 6 knees. Sensor data were successfully transmitted with good quality of signal to an external base station. Good correlation to the range of motion of the tibia was found (mean error 0.1 degrees; root mean square error 3.8 degrees). The signal from the heel drop tests suggests the sensor could detect heel strike during activities of daily living invivo and the potential for additional signal processing to analyze vibratory and motion patterns detected by the sensors. A frequency domain analysis of a properly cemented and poorly cemented implant during the heel drop test suggests a difference in accelerometer signal in these implant states. The results confirm signals generated from an embedded TKA sensor can transmit through bone and cement, providing accurate range of motion data and may be capable of detecting changes in prosthesis fixation remotely.

Research And Design of Intelligent Home Potting System Technology By Wireless Sensor Networks

People often put potted plants at home in life, but they neglect to cultivate them due to busy work and study, or the lack of expertise related to potted plant cultivation leads to rotten and withered plants. An Exynos 4412 development board with a Linux system and multiple information acquisition sensors is designed using time series for this life background. The system is an intelligent home potted plant system with a Linux-based Exynos 4412 development board and multiple information collection sensors, using a time-series prediction model, deep convolutional neural network model, message queue telemetry transmission protocol, cloud storage and other technologies. The system realizes automatic scientific irrigation, soil fertility monitoring, and pest and disease warning for potted plants, thus ensuring healthy and robust growth of potted plants, and has a broad market space.

Telemetry Transmission to Support Bidirectional Communication for Capsule Endoscope Using Human Body Communication

This letter proposes telemetry transmission for a capsule endoscope using human body communication. A passive-type radio frequency identification technique is used to transmit a telemetry signal at 13.56 MHz from the outside of a human body to a capsule endoscope. Due to passive-type telemetry receiving, no power is consumed inside the endoscope for telemetry transmission. Telemetry transmission allows bidirectional communication support for the capsule endoscopy.

Research of UAV Controller-pilot Data Link Real-time Processing Technique

In traditional flight tests, ground monitoring is based on on-board telemetry data. With the rapid development of UAV design, the monitoring data source transitions from radio telemetry transmission to ground-to-air data link transmission gradually. Traditional ground real-time processing system can’t meet the new requirements. UAV controller-pilot data link real-time processing technique doesn’t rely on traditional PCM telemetry, via controller-pilot data link which is integrated into the UAV, ground controller system and flight tests data processing system, which promotes the efficiency of flight test dramatically, the data processing duration is also reduced significantly.

Remote monitoring system for maize seeding parameters based on Android and wireless communication

Most traditional maize seeding parameter monitoring devices use wired data transmission. The problems include wiring troubles, short transmission distances. And human-computer interaction display terminals are unique and usually customized rather than universal. A remote monitoring system for maize seeding parameters based on Android and wireless communication was developed in this study. The system used a single-chip microcomputer as the main controller and an infrared photoelectric sensor to capture seed information. The Android terminal application was used to set and display the seeder’s seed parameter information and monitor it. The Air202 communication module enabled remote data transmission, while the Global Positioning System (GPS) monitored the speed of the planter. By establishing a message queue telemetry transmission (MQTT) cloud served as a data freight station, data reception, storage and forwarding can be performed. Seeding parameters can generate Excel spreadsheets in real-time for easy data processing and storage. In order to verify the reliability of the system, the seeding parameter monitoring comparison test and the multi-terminal remote monitoring test were designed. The results of the seeding parameter monitoring comparison test showed that the monitoring system of this study had higher monitoring accuracy. The maximum average relative error of seeding parameter monitoring was 0.4%, which had high monitoring accuracy. The multi-terminal remote monitoring test showed that the monitoring system of this research can adapt many types of Android terminals, realize the wireless connection, and realize remote synchronous monitoring at different distances. This study provides a reference for intelligent remote monitoring and intelligent agriculture on unmanned farms. Keywords: remote monitoring system, maize seeding parameters, Android and wireless communication, remote synchronous monitoring, intelligent agriculture DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201306.5485 Citation: Xie C J, Zhang D X, Yang L, Cui T, Zhong X J, Li Y H, et al. Remote monitoring system for maize seeding parameters based on Android and wireless communication. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(6): 159–165.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TACTICAL MONITORING FORCE USING ONLINE BASED TELEMETRY SYSTEMS FOR MATAN BATALYON COMMANDO PASKHAS TEAM

The operational equipment of the Security and Rescue Team (Matan) of the Paskhas Command Battalion called the Integrated Personal Protection (IPP Set) is currently incomplete because monitoring of the implementation of the Matan Team's activities is limited to reports through radio / HT communication tools, so that in decision making actions by the Operations Commander Puskodalops is not optimal and accurate according to the conditions in the field. Therefore we need a system that can monitor the movements of the Matan Team that can monitor the position and visual forces in real time. This monitoring system using radio telemetry can transmit data in the form of GPS coordinates displayed by Google Map as well as visual image data recorded by FPV cameras in realtime using the 3DR telemetry transmission system 433 Mhz and VTX 5.8 Ghz mounted on a tactical helmet and received by ground station receiver antennas at Puskodalops, so that the position of the matan team personnel can be monitored and conditions in the field can be monitored in realtime so that the Operations Commander can make decisions more quickly, precisely and accurately according to field conditions.Keywords : Telemetry, Security and Rescue Team (Matan)

The Use of Sensor Models for Solving Egineering Problems in Livestock

Biosensor technologies is an interdisciplinary science related to the development of biological and information sciences, based on the creation of devices with biocomputing components forming neural network structures, also used for the identification of animals. (Research purpose) The aim of the study is studying and structuring information on the use of biosensor devices and systems in livestock, find the possibilities for subsequent introduction into industry’s practice through effective engineering solutions of pattern recognition, adaptive management of animal behavior, etc. (Materials and methods) We have used methods of collection, study, systematization, analysis of scientific information obtained from livestock practices, expert assessments made in accordance with the technological regulations of the scientific-and- technical funds, patent and license sources, innovative developments of leading manufacturers of machinery and equipment for the beef cattle identification. (Results and discussion) Theory and practice of biosensor science in animal-based biomedical research proved that a balanced, workable system of biosensor control reaches the value of 1,0 e10 - 1,0 e12 of individual cells-sensors. The pulse time of the neuron of 2-5 milliseconds is enough for evaluation of the animal’s habitus, as well as speed of movement, body temperature. It is possible to determine information about the physiological condition of the animal: rut, fatness, location or identity of animal, quality of sperm, embryos, authenticity of origin and other parameters on selected DNA samples by using smart laser and ultrasonic biosensors that transmit these data to smart chips. The article shows that the linear biological parameters of the object obtained with the sensors can be converted by calculation into nonlinear ones, with further telemetry transmission of information to the animal’s biochip and stationary receiving software device. Biocalculation devices are able to calculate and control the change in live weight of animals of different breeds up to 6 months of age, adjusted for the variability of the trait. It was found that the coefficient of variation Cv reaches 1.5-2.5 percent, and as the animal grows, it reaches of 15-18 percent. (Conclusion) The solution of engineering problems in animal husbandry with the help of biosensors and sensors of a new generation depends on the biochemical nature of the recognition element (its action algorithm can be calculated). Biocomputing devices are capable not only to accept, but also to count and to control various parameters of animals. The use of engineering biosensor intelligent systems and neurocybernetic in animal husbandry expands the possibilities of the industry, makes them attractive to the manufacturer and gives a great economic effect.

Remote monitoring system for maize seeding parameters based on Android and wireless communication

Most traditional maize seeding parameter monitoring devices use wired data transmission. The problems include wiring troubles, short transmission distances. And human-computer interaction display terminals are unique and usually customized rather than universal. A remote monitoring system for maize seeding parameters based on Android and wireless communication was developed in this study. The system used a single-chip microcomputer as the main controller and an infrared photoelectric sensor to capture seed information. The Android terminal application was used to set and display the seeder’s seed parameter information and monitor it. The Air202 communication module enabled remote data transmission, while the Global Positioning System (GPS) monitored the speed of the planter. By establishing a message queue telemetry transmission (MQTT) cloud served as a data freight station, data reception, storage and forwarding can be performed. Seeding parameters can generate Excel spreadsheets in real-time for easy data processing and storage. In order to verify the reliability of the system, the seeding parameter monitoring comparison test and the multi-terminal remote monitoring test were designed. The results of the seeding parameter monitoring comparison test showed that the monitoring system of this study had higher monitoring accuracy. The maximum average relative error of seeding parameter monitoring was 0.4%, which had high monitoring accuracy. The multi-terminal remote monitoring test showed that the monitoring system of this research can adapt many types of Android terminals, realize the wireless connection, and realize remote synchronous monitoring at different distances. This study provides a reference for intelligent remote monitoring and intelligent agriculture on unmanned farms. Keywords: remote monitoring system, maize seeding parameters, Android and wireless communication, remote synchronous monitoring, intelligent agriculture DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201306.5485 Citation: Xie C J, Zhang D X, Yang L, Cui T, Zhong X J, Li Y H, et al. Remote monitoring system for maize seeding parameters based on Android and wireless communication. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(6): 159–165.

Modeling the conveyor-modular transfer of multimedia data in a sensor network of transport system

The paper studies the issues of distributed sensor networks interaction based on the Internet of Things architecture in the context of automated control systems design for dynamic objects of transport infrastructure. The properties of multimedia streams like digital telemetry exchange and packet data delivery between the sensor controllers of urban transport network are analyzed. A method of modifying the standard Ethernet network interface at the logical link control (LLC) sublayer on Raw Socket technology for joint transmission of multi-channel telemetry and packet data is proposed. A software simulator has been developed for conveyor-modular transfer in Python codes for Linux Ubuntu operating system based on the dynamic data structuring by the markup tags. The relevance of this work is due to the need to further improve the open system interoperability when building heterogeneous Internet of Things. As a result of the studies conducted, the use of conveyor-modular transfer (CMT) for telemetry data exchange with limited latency in urban control systems of transport safety is substantiated. The tests of the conveyor-modular simulator confirmed the relevance and logical consistency of the basic principles of encoding, transmitting and decoding multimedia data in the communication channel of the Internet of Things. The obtained results create scientific and methodological prerequisites for replenishing the existing TCP/IP stack with a new internetworking protocol with limiting delays, which can be used in conjunction with the IP protocol in real-time applications of the Internet of Things, and above all, in urban transport safety management systems

Mathematical Models of Satellite Communication Systems with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Counter-Means of Radio Control. Part 1

Currently, satellite radio communication is the main type of radio communication related to the majority of special purpose mobile objects, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of heavy and super heavy classes of long flight duration, which are forced to move over long distances up to several thousand kilometers from the take of place (airport). In this point we face the problem of quality of the channel of the satellite radio communication line on its entire way between the transmitting and receiving devices, including providing the interference protection, stealth and secrecy of transmission of command telemetry and target information. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of using the means of radio control of a satellite radio channel from an eventual enemy, which can lead to the interception of the control channel or access to target information from the payloads of UAV. In this scientific and technical article, which consists of two parts, considered the issues of improving the efficiency of transmitted information via satellite communication channels between the UAV and the ground control and information processing point, and the issue of countering the means of radio control of the eventual enemy, formulated proposals and recommendations.

Electromagnetic image of small UAV in very low frequency range

Abstract The article deals with the measurement, visualization and analysis of the magnetic field in the 3D space around a small quadcopter. The measurements were realized in the very low frequency (VLF) range, since this range is interesting because of the possible detection of the drone also in the fully automated flight mode (without telemetry transmission). A measurement equipment/device that allows mapping of the magnetic field of the multirotor drone based on the sensor elevation and the copters azimuth was realized. The magnetic field was measured with a small inductive sensor – the air coil. Frequency analysis (signal spectrum) and the spatial 3D analysis of the selected frequency components that brought interesting results were carried out on the recorded data.

New evaluation concept of the Athena WFI camera system by emulation of X-ray DEPFET detectors

The Wide Field Imager (WFI) is an X-ray camera for the future observatory Athena as the next ESA L-class mission. The signal processing chain of the WFI reaches from the sensing of incoming photons to the telemetry transmission to the spacecraft. Up to now the signal processing chain is verified with measurements of real X-ray sources, thus only limited test scenarios are possible. This paper presents a new concept for evaluating the X-ray camera system. Therefore a new end-to-end evaluation is proposed, which makes use of a programmable real-time emulator of the WFI DEPFET detector system including front-end electronics. With a complete variation of all available input parameters significant characteristics of the camera system can be studied and evaluated. This end-to-end evaluation method is a powerful tool to support the development of the WFI camera setup not only in the early stage, but also to improve characteristics and complex processing algorithms of the WFI when it will be in orbit.

Transforming healthcare and medical telemetry through cognitive radio networks

The Wireless Medical Telemetry Services (WMTS) band has been established by the FCC in the United States for transmission of data related to a patient's health, and similar reserved channels exist for life-critical communications throughout the world. However, transmissions in the WMTS band are severely hampered by interferences from adjacent digital television channels, and due to non-uniform access priority, as this band is also shared by utility telemetry and government installations. In this article, we propose the use of cognitive radio technology to dynamically utilize the WMTS frequencies based on the activity patterns of the high priority users, and the quality of service constraints of the patients' data, while ensuring protection to existing higher priority transmissions and the safe operation of sensitive medical equipment. The priority users here are utility telemetry transmissions in certain portions of the WMTS band, government run radar sites, and legacy medical telemetry equipment without cognitive radio capability. We provide the first measurements on the complete WMTS spectrum activity at two major hospital locations in the Boston area, and outline an optimization framework that assigns frequency and transmission power jointly in this setting. The article also discusses the current state of the art and the major challenges in the implementation of this new cognitive radio assisted medical telemetry paradigm.

A fully implanted programmable stimulator based on wireless communication for epidural spinal cord stimulation in rats

Clinical research indicates that the epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) has shown potential in promoting locomotor recovery in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI). This paper presents the development of a fully implantable voltage-regulated stimulator with bi-directional wireless communication for investigating underlying neural mechanisms of ESCS facilitating motor function improvement. The stimulation system consists of a computer, an external controller, an implantable pulse generator (IPG), a magnet, the extension leads and a stimulation electrode. The telemetry transmission between the IPG and the external controller is achieved by a commercially available transceiver chip with 2.4GHz carrier band. The magnet is used to activate the IPG only when necessary to minimize the power consumption. The encapsulated IPG measures 33mm×24mm×8mm, with a total mass of ∼12.6g. Feasibility experiments are conducted in three Sprague-Dawley rats to validate the function of the stimulator, and to investigate the relationship between lumbar-sacral ESCS and hindlimb electromyography (EMG) responses. The results show that the stimulation system provides an effective tool for investigation of ESCS application in motor function recovery in small animals.

SMS-Based Medical Diagnostic Telemetry Data Transmission Protocol for Medical Sensors

People with special medical monitoring needs can, these days, be sent home and remotely monitored through the use of data logging medical sensors and a transmission base-station. While this can improve quality of life by allowing the patient to spend most of their time at home, most current technologies rely on hardwired landline technology or expensive mobile data transmissions to transmit data to a medical facility. The aim of this paper is to investigate and develop an approach to increase the freedom of a monitored patient and decrease costs by utilising mobile technologies and SMS messaging to transmit data from patient to medico. To this end, we evaluated the capabilities of SMS and propose a generic communications protocol which can work within the constraints of the SMS format, but provide the necessary redundancy and robustness to be used for the transmission of non-critical medical telemetry from data logging medical sensors.

Heart Rate and Electrocardiography Monitoring in Mice

The majority of current cardiovascular research involves studies in genetically engineered mouse models. The measurement of heart rate is central to understanding cardiovascular control under normal conditions, with altered autonomic tone, superimposed stress or disease states, both in wild type mice as well as those with altered genes. Electrocardiography (ECG) is the "gold standard" using either hard wire or telemetry transmission. In addition, heart rate is measured or monitored from the frequency of the arterial pressure pulse or cardiac contraction, or by pulse oximetry. For each of these techniques, discussions of materials and methods, as well as advantages and limitations are covered. However, only the direct ECG monitoring will determine not only the precise heart rates but also whether the cardiac rhythm is normal or not.