Telecommunication Towers Research Articles

Employing topology optimization method to create optimum telecommunication tower design structure

Recently, the employment of topology optimization (TO) in structural engineering design has gained a significant structural performance, also, TO is employed by designers for developing aesthetically and efficient buildings. In this work, TO is employed to design novel and rigged structures of communication towers. The way that the TO algorithm works is to intelligently create the 3D model by preserving architectural features with tradeoffs between the stiffness and weight ratio. The present work focuses on the investigation of creating optimal self-supported communication towers. Results concerning the prime observation of optimization analyses and the potential benefits of TO in designing telecommunication tower lattices are drawn.

Assessment of Energy Diversification and Sustainability of Telecommunication Industry in Zambia

Telecommunication industry in most sub-Saharan African countries like Zambia is highly dependent on grid and fossil fuels. However, grid power coverage in these countries is very low and mainly in urban areas and not very reliable. To keep the industry running continuously in both urban and rural areas fossil diesel generators are deployed, resulting into greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The use of fossil (diesel) to meet the daily energy needs for the telecommunication towers during load management periods and in zero electrification zones in rural areas does not only lead to environmental impact but also contribute to high operational expensive in telecommunication industry in most Sub-Saharan African countries. This has led to slow pace in expanding the industry especially in remote rural areas far from grid. Additionally, current removal of fuel subsidies by the Government of Zambia, climate change related effects such as droughts has led to low energy supply and Russian- Ukrainian war has exacerbated fuel prices. All these are currently impacting operation cost of telecommunication infrastructure. Therefore, this paper aims at assessing the energy diversification and sustainability of telecommunication industry in Zambia considering 4As (Accessibility, Acceptability, Availability and Affordability). A comparative assessment of telecommunication industry sustainability of Zambia with other SADC countries will be conducted using the 4As. Hence, the key in ensuring sustainability of energy on telecommunication industry is switching to renewable energy (RE) in Zambia. The main sources of RE which can be utilized for power generation in off-grid environments are Solar, Wind and Biomass.

The Impact of Competence and Motivation on Employees Performance of Tower Infrastructure Company in Indonesia

This research aims to determine the influence of competence and work motivation on employee performance at one of the largest Telecommunication Tower Infrastructure Companies in Indonesia. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology with Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique using SmartPLS version 3.2.9 software with 204 permanent employees of the company as respondents. The survey results show that employee performance is included in the “very good” category with an average score of 87.37%. This is in line with employee competence and employee work motivation, which are classified as “very high” with scores of 85.85% and 89.90%, respectively. The hypothesis results show that competence and motivation have a significant effect on employee performance, with an influence of competence of 0.321 and motivation of 0.587. This highlights the importance of good competence enhancement strategies and effective motivation and suggests that companies must improve both aspects to improve employee performance. This study also provides insights to company leaders that are important in responding to the dynamics that occur in managing employee performance at Telecommunication Tower Infrastructure Companies.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pengawasan Dan Pengendalian (WASDAL) Menara Telekomunikasi (Studi Kasus: Dinas Komunikasi Dan Informatika Kota Cimahi)

Telecommunication tower management information system is a crucial data processing system for telecommunication tower fee collection, given the importance of having an efficient and integrated system. However, the Department of Communication and Informatics of Cimahi City still lacks an integrated system, resulting in a slower telecommunication tower fee collection process. To address this issue, a Website named Telecommunication Tower Supervision and Control Management Information System (Wasdal) was developed as an integrated system to facilitate the fee collection process and generate fee collection reports. The methodology employed in this research is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), and the Website is constructed using Laravel framework, Bootstrap, and MySQL database. The implementation results reveal that the overall built management information system Website meets user requirements. The User Acceptance Test (UAT) outcomes indicate average parameter scores of design (78%), features (79.20%), user satisfaction (80.60%), with an overall testing score of 81.3%.

Chess Game Rook‐Icon Movement‐Based Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration for Higher Shade Dispersion and Improved Global Power Peaks Under Partial Shading Conditions: An Experimental Study

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates low power because of nonuniform sun irradiation compared to standard test conditions. Partial shading conditions (PSCs) can arise from various factors, with passing clouds, trees, telecommunication towers, bird droppings, and similar elements being among the most prevalent causes. Under the shading scenario, multiple global and local maxima power points exist on the P–V curves. Herein, the chess game rules for the “Rook” icon are followed to attain the optimal placement of integer numbers (1–9) in the 9 × 9 size game puzzle matrix. The integer number‐based game puzzles such as Su‐Do‐Ku, symmetric matrix, and proposed Rook's movement‐game theory (RMGT) to rearrange the PV modules in arrays are investigated and compared with the standard arrangements such as series‐parallel, total‐cross‐tied during PSCs. The suggested RMGT puzzle‐based arrangement is able to achieve higher power at global maximum power point, performance enhancement, fill factor, and low power loss. As a result, the experimental study proves the superiority of RMGT configuration compared to conventional methodologies under the shading scenarios. The proposed RMGT‐based PV array is tested and obtained the performance higher side as, , , , and compared to existing reconfiguration methodologies.

Development of Gresik – Mojokerto Railway Infrastructure to Accelerate Economic Growth in Gerbangkertosusila

The most important economic area in East Java is the Gerbangkertosusila (GKS) area. The GKS area between Gresik – Mojokerto is not yet connected directly, almost all goods have to go through Surabaya and Sidoarjo first. This results in high logistics costs and long travel times. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method on economic growth factors in the GKS area. The factors considered in economic growth are population, number of people of productive age, number of people who are not yet working, minimum income/month, number of poorer people, percentage of poorer people, length of roads, number of people accessing the internet, number of telecommunication towers, length of roads damaged, investment value, export value, import value, and gross regional domestic product (GRDP). The analytical tool used in the research is a descriptive method to measure and assess the quality of economic growth and changes in regional economic growth factors, assisting strategic planning for the construction of new railway lines as the right solution for developing regional economic growth. Therefore, to accelerate economic growth and reduce logistics costs in the GKS area, a new railway line between Gresik - Mojokerto should be built. If logistics costs are low, it will reduce the price of goods and increase the opportunity to order goods and open up new jobs. If new job opportunities are opened, it will be possible to reduce the number of unemployed people by 375,392 people and the poorer population by 719,944 people. So it is hoped that it will increase economic growth to reach 7%. Only the Gresik and Sidoarjo regions have met this economic growth. Mojokerto’s economic growth is still 5.56% and lags behind other regions. If the construction of the new Gresik – Mojokerto train line is realized, then economic growth in the GKS region of at least 7% will not be difficult to achieve.

Kebijakan Pemerintah Bungo Dalam Menjalankan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 25 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pengaturan Retribusi Menara Telekomunikasi Dengan Tujuan Mendukung Penerimaan Pendapatan Daerah Telah Menjadi Fokus Penelitian Di Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bungo.

This study was conducted at the Transportation and Informatics Service of Bungo Regency over a one-month period, specifically in February 2016. Its objective was to examine, describe, and analyze the implementation of telecommunications tower levies managed by the Bungo Regency Transportation Service. It also aimed to investigate the efforts made by the service to increase Regional Original Income through these levies and to identify and analyze the obstacles faced by the service in raising telecommunications tower levies in Bungo Regency to enhance Regional Original Income (PAD). Employing a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the research sought to understand the issues occurring at a particular place and time. The findings of the study revealed that management, often referred to as administration, is a systematic process aimed at achieving goals through planning, organizing, activating, and supervising. The efforts undertaken by the Bungo Regency Transportation and Informatics Service included outreach activities, enhanced supervision, establishment of cellular zones, and improvement of facilities and infrastructure for levy payment. The underlying issues in formulating levy policies to regulate telecommunications towers in Bungo Regency included the proliferation of such towers potentially turning Bungo Regency into a tower city. Additionally, ensuring legal certainty for entrepreneurs was crucial, ensuring clarity for telecommunications tower owners regarding imposed levies. Non-compliant tower construction concerning spatial planning aspects further complicated the policy formulation, with the levy intended to contribute to increased regional income for Bungo Regency.

Direct observations of X-rays produced by upward positive lightning

X-rays have been observed in natural downward cloud-to-ground lightning for over 20 years and in rocket-triggered lightning for slightly less. In both cases, this energetic radiation has been detected during the stepped and dart leader phases of downward negative flashes. More recently, X-rays have also been reported during the dart leader phase of upward negative flashes. In this study, we present the observations of four upward positive lightning flashes from the Säntis Tower (2.5 km ASL) in Switzerland. These consist of the simultaneous records of electric current passing through the tower, and electric field strength and X-ray flux 20 m from the tower base. One of the flashes was captured by a high-speed camera operating at 24,000 frames per second, stills from which are also presented. We detected X-rays during the initial phase of upward negative leader propagation, which can be associated with the leader-stepping process from electric field and current waveforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such measurements are reported in the literature. The obtained time-synchronised data confirm that the X-ray emissions detected are associated with the initial steps of the upward negative leader. The frequency and energy of X-ray pulses appear to decrease as functions of time, with pulses disappearing altogether within the first millisecond of the leader initiation. X-ray emission also appears to be correlated with the maximum current-derivative and the electric field change of leader steps, consistent with cold electron runaway. These observations contribute to improving our understanding of upward lightning, which is a primary source of damage to tall structures such as wind turbines and telecommunications towers, as well as aircraft during takeoff and landing.

Analysis of the Influence of Antenna Arrangement Parameters on the Aerodynamic Performance of Telecommunication Towers

With the widespread adoption of 5G telecommunication networks, to reduce construction costs, it has become necessary to add new equipment or antennas to existing 4G and 3G telecommunication towers. This significantly changes the original aerodynamic shape of the towers, leading to a substantial increase in the wind load, which may exceed the original structure’s bearing capacity and pose a threat to the structure’s safety. This study employed three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to systematically investigate the impact of various antenna arrangement parameters, such as the arrangement number, arrangement form, and arrangement layers, on the wind load characteristics of telecommunication towers. The findings revealed that the antenna arrangement form significantly affects the sensitivity of the telecommunication tower’s wind load to the wind direction, with more uniform antenna arrangements resulting in less sensitivity. Compared to the drag coefficient and the windward base overturning moment coefficient, the tower’s lateral force coefficient and the crosswind base overturning moment coefficient are more sensitive to changes in the wind direction. The change patterns in the tower’s overturning force coefficient and overturning moment coefficient with the antenna arrangement number are essentially the same. However, as the antenna arrangement number increases, the growth rate of the tower’s overturning moment coefficient is about twice that of the overturning force coefficient. The tower’s overturning force coefficient increases approximately linearly with the increase in antenna arrangement layers, while the tower’s overturning moment coefficient exhibits a nonlinear increase with the increase in antenna arrangement layers. The rate of increase in the wind load with the antenna arrangement layers is significantly greater than that with the antenna arrangement number. Thus, to reduce wind load, it is advisable in practical engineering applications to increase the antenna arrangement number per layer, thereby reducing the antenna arrangement layers. The study also summarized a calculation method for the structural wind load of telecommunication towers, taking into account the influence of antenna arrangement parameters, providing a reliable basis for the structural design and safety assessment of telecommunication towers in practical engineering.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BUKIT BATU, DUSUN SUNGAI LUAR, DESA TIWINGAN BARU, KECAMATAN ARANIO, KABUPATEN BANJAR, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

This research aims to determine what strategies can be taken in managing Bukit Batu Ecotourism. This is because Bukit Batu Ecotourism has considerable potential, including biotic potential such as flora and fauna as well as abiotic potential such as mountains, hills, rivers, forests and lakes which of course have an attraction for tourists. The analytical method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Where this research activity was carried out in natural and uncontrived object conditions, then the data obtained was analyzed using SWOT analysis. the SO strategy in order of priority which is described as follows: (1) Create tourist attractions and attractions that display ecological potential and diversity of flora and fauna such asaviary (giant bird cages), a mini zoo, an aquarium that accommodates local fish species and a miniature Borneo rainforest featuring endemic plant species. (2) Make a viewing tower to enjoy the beautylandscape mountains and lakes as a whole. (3) Empowering the surrounding community in managing Ecotourism such as retribution officers, cleaning officers and security officers. (4) Make plans for the development of facilities and infrastructure based on the most important priorities, such as telecommunication and internet signal booster towers, repair of roads that are still damaged and street lighting. (5) Increase safety warning boards. And (6) Empowerment of BUMDES (Village-Owned Enterprises) with clear work contracts so that they can have an impact on increasing the economy of the surrounding community, such as providing boat rental services, tour guides, bicycle/tent rental and selling souvenirs.

A Comparative Study on Lattice Tower Angle Member Capacities as Per Indian, American, and BSEN Standards

The transmission lines and Telecommunication networks are normally supported by lattice towers. Therefore, the reliability of these essentials depends much on the reliability of the towers and their foundations. In Both telecom and power transmission line sectors, the towers are mass-produced and generally based on optimized tower weight and foundation volumes. The weight of a tower is influenced to a great extent by the selection of tower configuration, choice of bracing patterns, choice of steel grade, and profile type. The towers in general are lattice types consisting of main legs, diagonals, horizontals, cross-arm members, and peak members. The telecommunication and power transmission line tower members are generally made of steel equal-angle sections. These tower members are modeled and analyzed as pin-jointed 3-dimensional space truss models and the members are subjected to axial forces, either axial compression or axial tension in nature. Estimation of member compression capacity is the most vital parameter in design as per respective local standards and proving those estimations during full-scale model tower testing if carried out. This paper presents the differences in axial compression capacity of angle members as per Indian, American, and European standards viz., IS: 802 (Part 1/Sec 2)-2016, IS 800-2007, ASCE 10-15 and BS EN 1993-3-1:2006.

A Review on Buildings having Telecommunication Tower at Roof

Abstract: Strong towers are relied upon for effective communication, as they have been used worldwide. Telephonic communication is dependent on this, as it is the sole means to connect different networks. They can be installed above structures and on the ground, but critical communication breakdowns can be caused by the failure of such structures during hazardous conditions. In this study, different reviews based on telecommunication towers installed on tall buildings worldwide has given in this paper. Typically, four-legged towers are used for ensuring good communication and for transferring the load. Different reviews are based on tower analysis alone and focus on the response of the host structure on which the tower rests. Valuable insights and conclusions are provided by this literature review to identify the problems associated with the placement of telecommunication towers over buildings and the locations where they need to be placed. From this study, it is to be noted that previous studies were based on the location that was optimal for the host structure, but the worst-case scenario of tower placement was not used till date if it was necessary to provide it at that location. As a result, the conclusive outcome is known to aim at providing technical insights and recommendations for future research in this area

Enhancing Seismic Performance of Semi-Commercial Apartment having Telecommunication Tower at Roof

Abstract: When studying the impact of seismic activities on a structure, we focused on the efficient case and didn't consider the worst-case scenario. If a telecommunication tower is planned on a multistoried building in the future, and the tower is in the worst possible location, certain measures need to be taken to stabilize it and adjust the parametric values. In this research, we analyzed a total of 5 semi-commercial apartment building cases with G+19 floors, each having different telecommunication tower locations. After the analysis, we identified the worst case and implemented an outrigger system, as discussed in the graphical representations in the discussion section. In conclusion, we compared parametric results and observed that Case TTD is very efficient, while Case TTA is the worst among all the cases. We also improved the stability of the worst-case TTA and transformed it into Case TTO through the implementation of the outrigger system, as indicated by our results and discussions.

Analisis Dugaan Kerusakan Rumah Yang Berdekatan Dengan Menara Telekomunikasi

In general lightning will predominantly strike parts of the earth's surface that have tall structures (tall buildings, BTS towers, high voltage transmission towers) and prefer structures made of conductive materials such as metal. The existence of a house close to a Telecommunication Tower is the background for this research. The research aims to analyze suspected damage that occurred to residential buildings that are very close to telecommunications tower activity. The method used is a general study of the feasibility of telecommunications towers as well as the types and patterns of damage that occurred in the houses studied. The results show that the damage that occurs to houses is mostly caused by the bearing capacity of the soil which is less affected by the shrinkage of the concrete. A comprehensive assessment needs to be carried out for telecommunications towers, especially the lightning conduction and grounding systems.

Retribution Collection and Tellecomunication Tower Control on Increased Original Local Government Revenue in Banyuasin District

The aim of this research is to identify how retribution and control of telecommunications towers affect the increase in regional foreign income in Banyuasin Regency. The data sources in this research are secondary data, namely Surat Tanda Retribusi Daerah (STRD) and Surat Tanda Setoran (STS) at the Banyuasin Regency Diskominfo-SP. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. There are three stages in this method: data condensation, data presentation, and verification or conclusions. The percentage of telecommunications tower control retribution collected by the Banyuasin Regency Government in 2020 has exceeded the revenue target, namely 100.23%, in 2021 it increased to 101.60%, while in 2022 it decreased to 84.89%. Even though there will be a decline in 2022, the realization of revenues in 2020 and 2021 has reached or even exceeded the targeted revenues. has been above 100%, this shows that the collection of telecommunications tower control retribution has been achieved very effectively. Meanwhile, the contribution of retribution and control of telecommunications towers to increasing PAD during 2020-2022 is still below 10%, so the criteria are very low.

Descriptor: A Comprehensive LiDAR Point Cloud Dataset of Telecommunication Towers (TowerScope)

Descriptor: A Comprehensive LiDAR Point Cloud Dataset of Telecommunication Towers (TowerScope)

Factors affecting the successful implementation of telecommunication tower projects in Zambia

The research aimed at identifying factors that affect the successful implementation of telecommunication tower projects at Airtel Networks Zambia Plc and IHS Zambia Limited, in order to ensure adequate measures are put in place to support the successful implementation of telecommunications tower projects by market players. The study took a pragmatic approach to inquiry with a triangulated design where 16 professionals with industry experience and position of influence were purposively recruited. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study findings revealed at least 5 factors that negatively affect the successful implementation of the telecommunication tower projects and these are Projects Scope Management, Projects Time Management, Projects Cost Management, Projects Communication Management, and Human Related Factors. The study also revealed that these factors had an adverse impact on project scheduling hence resulting into project delays. Subsequently, it was revealed that delayed legal formalities led to excess project expenses in form of warehouse and rental charges for the piece of land. Additionally, the study findings revealed that poor project scope description had a negative effect on the proper and efficient planning of project resources. Finally, the study revealed that poor project procurement management led to inadequate resource availability hence affecting the project schedule due to lack of resources as subcontractors could not proceed with the projects in the absence of necessary materials. The study recommended organizations to invest more resources in ensuring that various factors that impend the successful implementation of the telecommunication tower projects are known, as well as invest in Research and Development and project managers to ensure comprehensive project planning and evaluation before the project is initiated. This would also help ensuring that various challenges that affect the project implementation process at various stages of project’s implementation are mitigated.

Behavior of the Column Stubs of Telecommunication Towers Strengthened with Different Types of FRP Fabrics

Behavior of the Column Stubs of Telecommunication Towers Strengthened with Different Types of FRP Fabrics

A Review on Use of Telecommunication Tower over Host Structure

Abstract: Effective communication depends on strong towers since it has been used worldwide. The telephonic communication depends on this since it is the only way to connect different networks. It can be installed above the structure and over the ground but the failure of such structures during hazardous conditions can result in critical communication breakdowns. In this study different reviews based on the telecommunication towers installed on tall buildings worldwide has given. Usually, four-legged towers used for good communication and to transfer the load. Different reviews based on only tower analysis and remaining on the response over the host structure over which the tower rests. This literature review provides valuable visions and conclusions to identify the problems related to the telecommunication tower which has to be provided over the building and the location over which it has to be placed. From this study it has to be noted that previous studies were based on the location that was optimum for the host structure but no one used the worst case of tower placing if it will be necessary to provide at that location. From this, we came to know the conclusive outcome that aim to provide technical insights and recommendations for future research in this area

Penolakan Masyarakat Terhadap Pembangunan Tower Telekomunikasi di Wilayah Ilir Barat II Kota Pelembang

Analysis of the impact of the Telecommunication Tower construction is one of the studies used to identify the impact of tower construction due to changes in land use, resulting in rejection by the community which will affect the development process. The purpose of writing this research is to find out the impact of the tower and how the construction process will go if the community refuses. In the area of Jalan Ki Gede Ing Suro Rt 28 Kel 32 Ilir Palembang, The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Qualitative research is used to understand the context of research by describing in detail and depth related to the conditions experienced by a context as well as what is happening in the field.